多拉菌素浇泼剂对犬螨病的疗效观察

研究分析多拉菌素浇泼剂治疗犬螨病的临床效果。方法：选择西北农林科技大学2014年12月至2015年12月接收的患犬螨病的病犬60例作为研究对象,将病犬分为四组,甲组、乙组、丙组和对照组,均为15例,甲组、乙组、丙组病犬分别使用0.8 mg/kg、0.5 mg/kg、0.3 mg/kg的多拉菌素浇泼剂进行治疗,对照组病犬应用多拉菌素注射液进行治疗,对四组治疗效果进行比较分析。结果：甲组治疗1周、2周的有效率与乙组、丙差异并不大,无统计学意义（P>0.05）;甲组、乙组治疗1周、2周的有效率明显高于丙组,有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：适量的多拉菌素浇泼剂可有效治疗犬螨病,给药方便,值得推广应用。     

柯利犬通灭临床中毒症状及救治

犬螨病又称犬疥癣,俗称"癞皮病",是由犬疥螨或耳痒螨寄生所致,其中以犬疥螨危害最大。本病常见于皮肤卫生条件很差的犬。前几年,本地常用的治疗方法为伊维菌素或灭虫丁(阿维菌素)注射液,用量为200μg/kg体重,皮下注射。近年来,开始使用通灭(多拉菌素)治疗病犬,通常用量是0.1 mL/kg体重,皮下或肌内注射。通灭为1%多拉菌素(100万IU)针剂,为20世     

金毛犬耳痒螨病引发耳血肿的诊断和治疗

犬耳痒螨病是由犬耳痒螨（Otodecees cymotis）寄生于耳道内引起的皮肤寄生虫病。犬耳血肿是在外力作用下致使犬耳部血管破裂、出血,血液集聚在耳软骨与耳廓内侧皮肤之间形成的肿胀。耳痒螨病是引发耳血肿的重要病因,一旦发病需要及时治疗,严重者采用手术疗法。对一例犬耳痒螨病引发耳血肿进行了诊治,特将诊治过程和相关分析做具体介绍,以供临床参考。     

犬螨虫病的治疗与预防

春初是犬螨虫病多发的季节,犬螨虫病有三种:疥螨病、耳痒螨病以及蠕形螨病.犬疥螨病是由疥螨引起的一种慢性寄生性皮肤病,俗称癫皮病.特征:犬表现为剧痒不安、被毛脱落及皮炎症状.耳痒螨病是由耳痒螨属的犬耳痒螨寄生于犬外耳部,引起外耳道的炎症,具有高度的接触传染性,会引起大量的耳脂分泌和淋巴液外溢,且往往继发化脓.     

伊维菌素注射剂对黄牛痒螨病的治疗效果观察

应用伊维菌素注射剂,对自然感染牛痒蜻的29头黄牛进行治疗效果试验,并设阳性对照组.结果:伊维菌素治疗组黄牛在用药后72～96h,瘙痒症状明显减轻,用药后21d检查,未查到活的牛痒螨.试验表明,伊维菌素0.2mg/kg体重剂量对初期感染牛痒螨的病牛一次给药即可治愈;对严重感染者间隔10d再次给药具有良好的杀螨效果.     

犬螨虫病的治疗与预防

春初是犬螨虫病多发的季节,犬螨虫病有三种：疥螨病、耳痒螨病以及蠕形螨病。犬疥螨病是由疥螨引起的一种慢性寄生性皮肤病,俗称癫皮病。特征：犬表现为剧痒不安、被毛脱落及皮炎症状。耳痒螨病是由耳痒螨属的犬耳痒螨寄生于犬外耳部,引起外耳道的炎症,具有高度的接触传染性,会引起大量的耳脂分泌和淋巴液外溢,且往往继发化脓。犬蠕形螨病是由蠕形螨科、蠕形螨属的犬蠕形螨引起犬的一种皮肤寄生虫病,     

一起犬耳痒螨病的诊治

犬耳痒螨病是由犬耳痒螨寄生于犬外耳道,引起大量的耳脂分泌和淋巴液外溢,且常常继发细菌感染。病犬有痒感,不停地摇头、抓耳、鸣叫,常在器物上摩擦耳部。1发病情况2011年9月下旬,一养犬户从市场上购回1只45日龄1.75 kg的小型观赏泰迪犬。开始的几天,发     

犬螨虫病的洽疗与预防

春初是犬螨虫病多发的季节,犬螨虫病有三种：疥螨病、耳痒螨病以及蠕形螨病。犬疥螨病是由疥螨引起的一种慢性寄生性皮肤病,俗称癫皮病。特征：犬表现为剧痒不安、被毛脱落及皮炎症状。耳痒螨病是由耳痒螨属的犬耳痒螨寄生于犬外耳部,引起外耳道的炎症,具有高度的接触传染性,会引起大量的耳脂分泌和淋巴液外溢,且往往继发化脓。犬蠕形螨病是由蠕形螨科、蠕形螨属的犬蠕形螨引起犬的一种皮肤寄生虫病,     

多拉菌素防治绵羊痒螨病试验

目的　肯定多拉菌素防治绵羊痒螨病的效果 ,为临床应用提供科学依据。方法　试验分 5组 (多拉菌素高、中、低剂量组、伊维菌素对照组及空白对照组 ) ,根据试验前后螨虫寄生数量和临床变化判定疗效。结论　多拉菌素防治绵羊痒螨病效果确实可靠 ,其中以高剂量组和中剂量组最为显著 ,推荐剂量为中剂量组即 2 0 0 μg/kg体重     

几例犬注射“通灭”中毒的治疗及体会

犬螨病又叫犬疥癣，俗称“癞皮狗病”，是由犬疥螨或犬耳痒螨寄生所致，其中以犬疥螨危害最大。本病广泛分布于世界各地，常见于皮肤卫生条件很差的犬。前几年，本地常用的治疗方法为伊维菌素或灭虫丁（阿维菌素）注射液，     

多拉菌素浇泼剂在犬体内的药代动力学

本试验对多拉菌素浇泼剂在犬血浆中的药代动力学进行了研究。犬背部皮肤一次浇注多拉菌素浇泼剂(0.1 mg/kg体重),给药后,不同时间点从犬前肢静脉采血。以高效液相色谱法对血浆中药物浓度进行测定,血浆药物浓度—时间数据用WinNonlin 5.2.1的非房室模型药动软件处理。给药后的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β为(2.14±0.56)d,T_max为(1.00±0.00) d,C_max为(24.38±4.82) ng/mL,AUC为(89.79±16.90)ng/(d·mL)。提示多拉菌素浇泼剂在犬体内血药浓度维持的时间较长,消除缓慢。     

Efficacy of doramectin against naturally acquired adult and inhibited larval infections by some nematode parasites in cattle in New Zealand

A study was conducted to determine the therapeutic efficacy of 1% doramectin injected subcutaneously at 200 microg/kg into cattle harbouring naturally acquired infections of inhibited Ostertagia ostertagi larvae. Sixteen yearling Friesian bulls, grazed without anthelmintic treatment throughout the autumn-winter, were selected on the basis of similar body weights and serum pepsinogen activities. After removal from pasture on day -23 they were weighed and randomly assigned to two treatment groups on the basis of this weight. On day 0, one group was given saline (1 ml/50 kg) while the second was treated with doramectin (200 microg/kg). Both treatments were given by subcutaneous injection. All stock were slaughtered 14-15 days after treatment. Moderate to high levels of adult O. ostertagi and Trichostrongylus axei and early and late 4th larval stages of O. ostertagi were recovered from saline-treated calves at necropsy. Doramectin was highly effective in eliminating all stages of O. ostertagi (99.9%; p<0.0001) and T. axei (100%; p<0.0001). No evidence of lesions were detected at the injection sites at necropsy. These results confirm that doramectin is an extremely effective broad-spectrum avermectin anthelmintic with efficacy against inhibited as well as maturing larval and adult forms of O. ostertagi.     

Efficacy of doramectin against experimental infections by some nematode parasites in cattle in New Zealand

A study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of the novel avermectin, doramectin, against experimental larval and adult infections of three species of nematode parasite important to cattle production in New Zealand. Eighteen worm-free dairy bull beef calves were randomly allocated on live weight to three similar treatment groups. Each calf was given 30,000 Ostertagia ostertagi, 20,000 Cooperia spp. and 10,000 Trichostrongylus axei infective larvae as a single dose. One group was treated with doramectin 6 days after infection while the remaining groups received saline or doramectin 27 days after infection. Given as a single subcutaneous injection behind the ear, doramectin at 200 microg/kg removed 99.9-100% of adult and larval stages of O. ostertagi, Cooperia spp. and T. axei when compared to infections established in untreated controls (p<0.001). No adverse reactions were observed following treatment in the doramectin-treated animals. No injection site lesions were found by palpation following treatment or by injection site examination at necropsy.     

Persistent activity of doramectin and ivermectin against Ascaris suum in experimentally infected pigs.

A study was conducted to investigate the persistent nematocidal activity of two avermectins against experimentally-induced infections of Ascaris suum in swine. Seventy-two nematode-free cross-bred pigs of similar bodyweight were randomly allotted to nine treatment groups of eight pigs each. Eight of the groups were treated with injectable solutions containing 300 microg of doramectin/kg (IM) or 300 microg of ivermectin/kg (SC) either 0 (same day), 7, 14, or 21 days prior to an oral challenge of 50000 embryonated A. suum eggs. The ninth group (control) was challenged in parallel without any avermectin treatment. At 41 or 42 days after challenge, pigs were euthanatized and adult and larval stages of A. suum were collected from the gastrointestinal tract of each pig and counted. Both avermectins significantly (P < 0.0002) reduced nematode counts when given on the day of challenge (0 days prior), and the efficacy was 100% and 97.5% for doramectin and ivermectin, respectively. Doramectin given 7 days prior to challenge significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced nematode counts, and the efficacy was 98.4%. For all other avermectin-treatment groups, nematode counts were not significantly reduced compared to those in control pigs. These data indicated that anthelmintic activity of ivermectin against A. suum persisted for less than 7 days and the activity of doramectin persisted for more than 7, but less than 14 days.     

Resistance of Cooperia to ivermectin treatments in grazing cattle of the Humid Pampa, Argentina

A field experiment and a controlled efficacy trial were conducted to demonstrate resistance of cattle trichostrongylid nematodes to endectocidal compounds in grazing cattle on the Humid Pampa, Argentina. Male Polled Hereford calves, aged 9-11 months old, with a history of frequent treatments with compounds of the avermectin/milbemycin class, were used for the trial. The field experiment involved six groups of 10 animals each, which were subcutaneously treated with either ivermectin (IVM), long-acting ivermectin (LA-IVM), moxidectin (MXD) or doramectin (DRM) at a dosage of 0.2mg/kg BW. A fifth group was treated orally with fenbendazole at a dosage of 5mg/kg BW; the sixth group of calves served as non-treated control. Faecal samples were collected from each animal on the day of treatment and at 14 days after treatment. Nematode egg counts were performed to estimate the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). The FECRT showed that reductions were 65% (IVM), -20% (LA-IVM) and 85% (DRM). Egg counts from calves treated with MXD or fenbendazole were reduced by 95 and 100%, respectively. For the controlled efficacy trial, six animals with the highest egg counts from the IVM, LA-IVM and non-treated control groups, were necropsied on day 18 after treatment to determine numbers and nematode species in the abomasum and small intestine. The results indicated that efficacy against Cooperia oncophora was 62.7 and 48% for IVM and LA-IVM, respectively. Neither of the IVM formulations showed efficacy against Trichostrongylus spp. in the small intestine. However, the absence of Trichostrongylus spp. in some animals of both treated and control groups precluded a valid assessment of efficacy or resistance. It was concluded that resistance of trichostrongylid nematodes to the avermectin/milbemycin class of compounds in grazing cattle of the Humid Pampa, Argentina, may be strongly established on farms where cattle are treated at frequent intervals throughout the year.     

Successful resolution of oesophageal spirocercosis in 20 dogs following daily treatment with oral doramectin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a daily oral dose of doramectin in dogs with spirocercosis. Twenty naturally infected dogs were treated with 0.5 mg/kg doramectin administered orally once daily for 42 days. In 13 of the dogs there was resolution of the nodules after 42 days. Nodules were eliminated in five of the remaining seven dogs following treatment for an additional 42 days. In the remaining two dogs, treatment continued for a further 42 days (total 126 days), resulting in complete resolution. No adverse events associated with treatment were observed. This study concluded that doramectin at 0.5 mg/kg once a day is effective in the elimination of Spirocerca lupi nodules in dogs.     

Anthelmintics for the control of nematode infections in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

AIMS: To determine the efficacy of eprinomectin, doramectin and a combination of albendazole and levamisole in suppressing or eliminating nematode infections or faecal egg counts (FEC) in possums naturally or experimentally infected with Parastrongyloides trichosuri, Paraustrostrongylus trichosuri and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. METHODS: To establish an effective dose of eprinomectin, groups of naturally infected possums were treated with 0, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 mg/kg liveweight (LW) eprinomectin pour-on (n=6 possums/group) and changes in FEC and nematode worm counts at necropsy determined, 18 days later. Efficacy of the 7.5 mg/kg dose was re-examined in a second group of naturally infected possums (n=12) by monitoring FEC weekly for 28 days post-treatment. Persistence of the anthelmintic effect of doramectin injection was tested using nematode-free possums treated with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8 mg/kg LW (n=3 possums/ group), which were experimentally infected 14 days later with T. colubriformis, Paraustrostrongylus trichosuri and Parastrongyloides trichosuri infective larvae. Response to treatment was assessed by FEC and nematode worm counts at necropsy, 42 days posttreatment. Efficacy of a 1.0 mg/kg dose of doramectin was subsequently examined using naturally infected possums (n=11) by monitoring FEC weekly for 28 days post-treatment. To determine the efficacy of a levamisole-albendazole combination drench, possums with naturally acquired nematode infections (n=6) were treated orally with 37.5 mg/kg LW levamisole plus 23.75 mg/kg LW albendazole on 2 occasions, 7 days apart, and response to treatment was assessed by monitoring FEC for 57 days. RESULTS: Eprinomectin 7.5 mg/kg LW reduced Paraustrostrongylus trichosuri worm counts by 98 % (p<0.05). Doramectin 0.6 mg/kg LW reduced Parastrongyloides trichosuri and Trichostrongylus spp worm counts by 99% (p<0.05) and 0.8 mg/kg LW reduced Paraustrostrongylus trichosuri by 100% (p<0.05), in possums challenged with larvae 14 days after treatment. Treating possums with a levamisole-albendazole combination orally, twice, 7-days apart, reduced FEC by 99%. CONCLUSIONS: The doses of anthelmintics required to effectively control nematodes in possums were higher than those recommended for animals for which they are currently registered. Possums tolerate the high dose rates of anthelmintics used in this study without apparent adverse effects.     

Pharmacokinetics of doramectin and ivermectin after oral administration in horses

A study was undertaken in order to compare plasma disposition kinetic parameters of doramectin (DRM) and ivermectin (IVM) in horses after oral administration. Ten crossbreed adult horses, clinically healthy, weighing 380-470 kg body weight (bw) were selected for study. Faecal examinations were performed to determine faecal parasite egg counts. Horses were allocated to two groups of five animals to provide an even distribution considering the variables sex, body weight and faecal egg count. Group I, were treated with an oral paste formulation of IVM at 0.2 mg/kg b/w and Group II, were treated with an oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg bw of DRM prepared as paste from the injectable formulation for oral administration. Blood samples were collected by jugular puncture between 0 h and 75 days post-treatment. Plasma was separated and later solid phase extraction and derivatization samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); a computerised kinetic analysis was carried out. Data were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test.The mean plasma concentrations of DRM and IVM after oral administration in horses were detected until 30 and 20 days, respectively. Both drugs showed similar patterns of absorption and no significant differences were found for peak concentration, the time to peak concentration, or for absorptive half-life. The terminal elimination half-life was significantly (P<0.05) longer in the DRM treated group than for the IVM treated group. The differences observed in the elimination half-life explain the longer mean residence time and high values of area under the concentration time curve for the group treated with DRM, which are 30% higher than those of the IVM group. Considering its pharmacokinetics, tolerance and anthelmintic efficacy, the oral administration of DRM, could be an alternative to IVM for the control of parasitic diseases of horses.     

Plasma haptoglobin and immunoglobulins as diagnostic indicators of deoxynivalenol intoxication

This study aimed to discover potential biomarkers for dioxynivalenol (DON) intoxication. B6C3F1 male mice were orally exposed to 0.83, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) DON for 8 days and the differential protein expressions in their blood plasma were determined by SELDI - Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry (TOF/MS) and the immunoglobulins (Igs) G, A, M and E in the serum were investigated. 11.7 kDa protein was significantly highly expressed according to DON administration and this protein was purified by employing a methyl ceramic HyperD F column with using optimization buffer for adsorption and desorption. The purified protein was identified as a haptoglobin precursor by peptide mapping with using LC/Q-TOF/MS and MALDI-TOF/MS and this was confirmed by western blotting and ELISA. IgG and IgM in serum were decreased in a dose-dependent manner and IgA was decreased at 7.5 mg/kg bw DON administration, but the IgE level was not changed. To compare the expressions of haptoglobin and the Igs patterns between aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA) and DON intoxications, rats were orally administered with AFB1 1.0, ZEA 240 and DON 7.5 mg/kg bw for 8 days. Haptoglobin was increased only at DON 7.5 mg/kg bw, while it was slightly decreased at ZEA 240 mg/kg bw and it was not detected at all at AFB1 1.0 mg/kg bw. IgG and IgA were decreased by DON, but IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were all increased by AFB1. No changes were observed by ZEA administration. These results show that plasma haptoglobin could be a diagnostic biomarker for DON intoxication when this is combined with examining the serum Igs.     

A field study on the efficacy of doramectin against strongyles and its egg reappearance period in horses

The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy and the so-called "egg reappearance period" (ERP) of doramectin in horses naturally infected with strongyles during a period of 34 weeks. A group of yearlings of 10 animals was treated intramuscularly with doramectin at a dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) at the begin of the grazing season. To obtain comparable data, another group of yearlings (n = 10) was treated orally with ivermectin at a dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg BW. Individual faecal samples were examined for strongyle egg counts per gram of faeces (EPG) in two-week intervals. Twelve weeks later, a second treatment was given in both groups with the respective anthelmintic followed by a third treatment when the group mean egg count reached > or = 200 EPG. The efficacy of doramectin was > or = 96 % and that of ivermectin 100%, based on the mean egg counts two weeks post treatments (wpt). The highest and the lowest extensity of the efficacy (average values) for doramectin were 90% and 41% two and ten wpt, respectively, whereas these values for ivermectin differed from 100% (two wpt) to 24.3% (eight wpt). The ERP was found to be 10 and 8 weeks for doramectin and ivermectin, respectively.