棉花施用沼肥技术的研究

本文阐述了棉花施用沼肥的技术。用沼渣配制营养钵土育苗,发芽率提高了７．２％－１０．３％,种子活力指数提高８．９８％－１６．７６％;沼液苗期追 及花铃期喷施棉叶,叶绿素含量比对照提高２５．４％。     

干湿耦合厌氧发酵工艺设计与发酵特性试验

针对目前大中型沼气工程存在原料单一及沼液沼渣处理难的问题,提出了干法发酵与湿法发酵相结合的干湿耦合厌氧发酵工艺,即畜禽粪便采用湿发酵,将湿法发酵产生的沼液沼渣与秸秆混合进行干法发酵.并研究了干湿耦合比例——沼液沼渣与秸秆比例(BRSR)及干法发酵渗滤液回流对发酵特性的影响,结果表明,随着湿干比例的增加启动时间缩短、产气量增加;干法发酵的渗滤液总固体质量分数为1％以下,达到了固液分离的效果,有利于循环利用和喷淋,解决了湿法厌氧发酵沼液沼渣处理难的问题,实现了沼液的循环利用.     

施用沼肥对保护地蔬菜栽培土壤理化性质的影响

本文以等有机质含量的猪粪、沼渣为基肥，追肥（化肥与沼液）以等N、等P、等K进行施用，采用二裂式区组设计的方法，研究了沼肥、猪粪、化肥等不同施肥组合对保护地土壤pH值及土壤速效养分含量的影响。结果表明：番茄收获期，各处理土壤pH有下降的趋势，但没有酸化现象发生；施用沼渣在防止土壤pH值下降方面有较好的作用；施用沼渣、沼液在提高土壤有机质含量方面的效果分别优于施用猪粪、化肥，沼渣与沼液配合施用在提高土壤有机质及碱解N含量方面效果显著，猪粪与化肥配合施用有利于提高土壤速效P和速效K的含量。     

沼液、沼渣与化肥配施对莴笋产量和品质的影响

采用田间试验研究了沼液、沼渣与化肥配施的不同处理对莴笋产量和品质的影响。结果表明，与常规施化肥相比，单施沼液不能提高莴笋产量，其它处理均能使莴笋显著增产（2．9％-19．1％），沼渣＋N处理增产效果最明显。沼液和沼渣在配施一定比例化肥的基础上能增加莴笋叶和茎中Vc和氨基酸含量，施用沼液的处理均能提高莴笋叶和茎中还原糖含量，而施用沼渣仅提高莴笋叶中还原糖含量。     

沼肥肥效与安全有效利用

通过对沼渣、沼液的营养组分、有毒有害物质和卫生指标进行系统的监测,得出有代表性的数据应用于生产。通过分区域对不同品种的果树和蔬菜的田间试验,观察施用沼渣、沼液与化肥配合的不同比例对水果和蔬菜在品质、产量方面及试验地土壤成分变化的影响,依据国家相关标准验证了沼渣、沼液作肥料对农产品安全性的影响,为沼肥的规范化施用提供了依据。     

2001年我区农机装备总量持续增长

预计２００１年年底，全区农机总动力达到６９２万ｋＷ（不含兵团，以下同），较上年增长３％。拖拉机拥有量达２９．７万台。其中：大中型拖拉机４．７万台，小型拖拉机２５万台，分别增长３．３％和 ４．６％；大中型配套农具１１．３万台套，小型配套农具３５．４７万台套，大中型农具配套比１：２．３８，小型农具配套比１：１．４２，分别较上年增长５％和８％。农用运输车２．４４万台，增长１０．２％；联合收割机２３７６台，增长６．７％2001年我区农机装备总量持续增长     

推广沼液浸种提高粮食产量

９９７年射阳县农村能源办公室在县农业局的配合下，分别在射阳县的海河镇、洋马乡、通洋镇三个乡镇搞了水稻沼液浸种试验，现将结果报告如下。１试验方法（１）供试材料：沼气发酵液（以下简称沼液），ｐＨ值７０～７５，体积质量为１００５ｇ／ｃｍ３。水稻品种为...     

畜禽粪便作饲料发展养殖效益高

１．畜禽粪便的处理方法畜禽粪便中有细菌胺类等有害物质，所以要在作饲喂原料前进行再生处理，其主要方法有：（１）干燥法。它分自然干燥和高温快速干燥２种。经过干燥处理（充分晒干或通过高温处理排除８０％以上的水分）的粪肥可杀死全部细菌和虫卵，消除臭味，然后研成细粉末状，即可储存备用。（２）发酵法。将新鲜或经过干燥处理的畜禽粪便与青饲料或其他粗料（如农作物秸秆、秧蔓、糠、麸等）按１∶１的比例混合，并加入０．５％的食盐和少许凉水，经过充分混合搅拌，然后装入缸（坑）内，密封１ｄ～３ｄ（冬春季节须密封５ｄ～７ｄ…     

丘陵地区棉田立体种植的主要模式与效益研究

１材料与方法以１９９４—１９９８年在句容市具有代表性的棉田立体种植模式麦／棉（１）、麦／瓜／棉（２）、马铃薯／西瓜／棉花（３）、草莓／西瓜／棉花（４）为研究对象,以传统模式的麦后棉（５）和油后棉（６）作对照,分别为对照一（ＣＫ１）和对照二（ＣＫ２）。...     

沼渣对土壤理化性质和糜子品质的影响

为研究不同比例的沼渣添加量对土壤理化性质和作物糜子品质的影响,笔者考察沼渣用于有机肥的可行性,为以后沼渣的资源利用方面提供参考。文章以内蒙古托克托县野外大田为试验样地,采用鲁如坤所著土壤农业化学分析方法测定土壤理化指标,参照国家食品标准测量作物糜子品质的各项指标。结果表明,添加沼渣后土壤的水分呈现递增的趋势;CH1的速效磷和速效氮变化显著,分别增加了115.37%和28.59%;CH6的有机质增多了51.31%。同时,添加沼渣后作物糜子的品质有明显提升。在生产品质中地上部生长量和地下部生长量提升显著,分别增长了78.78%和87.5%;而在营养品质中CH2中的水分和总糖的含量增长了22.26%和44.81%,CH6的灰分达到108.7%,CH1脂肪增长24.89%,直链淀粉增加18.89%,CH4支链淀粉提升16.37%。添加沼渣后使得土壤肥力增强,同时对提高糜子品质方面效果显著,说明沼渣可用于有机肥,并得出最适糜子生长的沼渣添加量,为今后糜子产量的增幅奠定了基础。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。