低营养日粮中添加复合酶对肉鸡生产性能及分消化率的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养水平日粮中添加复合酶对肉鸡生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响.选取1200只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分为4个处理.正对照组采用鸡场正在使用的饲料配方,负对照组的代谢能和粗蛋白分别比正对照组低125 kJ/kg和0.3个百分点.试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分别在正负对照组的基础上添加复合酶200 g/t,试验期42 d.结果表明:在1～42日龄,试验Ⅰ组的体增重显著高于正对照组,料重比显著低于正对照组(P＜0.05);试验Ⅱ组的增重显著高于负对照组(P＜0.05),增重、料重比和正对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05),表明复合酶在肉鸡日粮中降低125 kJ/kg代谢能、粗蛋白下调0.3个百分点的条件下,能达到和正常饲料相同的生产性能,经济效益良好.添加复合酶可显著提高肉鸡饲料的粗蛋白和粗脂肪的消化率(P＜0.05).     

日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶对肉鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响

试验旨在研究在低能玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加复合非淀粉多糖酶(含木聚糖酶和葡聚糖酶)对肉鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响。选取720只1日龄Cobb肉鸡,随机分为3个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。分别为正对照(常规营养水平)、负对照(代谢能较正对照降低836 k J/kg)和试验组(负对照+20 g/t复合非淀粉多糖酶)3种日粮。试验期为42 d,分前(1~21 d)后(22~42 d)两期进行。结果表明:正对照组平均增重和料肉比均显著优于负对照组(P0.05),前期的日采食量也显著优于负对照组(P0.05)。试验组全期料肉比显著优于负对照组(P0.05);试验组干物质消化率、氮消化率和回肠消化能显著高于负对照组(P0.05),且前期和后期的代谢能也显著优于负对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,在低能玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶,可提高肉鸡生产性能、干物质、氮和能量利用效率。     

添加乳酸菌对肉鸡日粮养分消化率的影响

为了探讨乳酸菌对日粮养分消化率的影响,本试验选用96只AA肉鸡随机分为四组。口腔灌服乳酸菌菌液0μL、100μL、200μL、400μL,饲养至20日龄和40日龄时分别用全收粪法测定日粮粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和灰分的消化率。结果表明,灌服不同剂量的乳酸菌菌液对20日龄和40日龄肉鸡日粮常规成分的消化率有明显的影响。     

低能饲粮中添加不同酶制剂对肉鸭生长性能和养分回肠表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同酶制剂对低能饲粮条件下肉鸭乍长性能和养分回肠表观消化率的影响.选取784只1日龄健康樱桃谷肉公鸭,共设7个处理,每个处理7个重复,每个晕复16只鸭,试验分为前期(1～21 d)和后期(22～42 d)两个阶段.处理1饲喂正对照(PC)饲粮(ME:前期12.13 MJ/kg,后期10.92 MJ/kg),处理7饲喂低能的负对照(NC)基础饲粮(ME:前期11.76 MJ/kg,后期10.59 MJ/kg),处理2～6在NC基础上分别添加500 mg/kg酶制剂A、200 uL/kg酶制剂B、150 uL/kg酶制剂C1、300 uL/kg酶制剂C2、200 uL/kg酶制剂D.试验基础饲粮为玉米-豆粕-菜粕-麦麸型饲粮,粉料,肉鸭为笼养.结果表明:(1)与正对照组相比,负对照组有降低肉鸭生产性能和养分回肠表观消化率的趋势(P>0.05);酶D组42 d体重、后期和全期增重最高,与酶A组差异显著(P<0.05),与其余各组差异不显著(P>0.05);各处理的采食量无显著差异;前期料重比以酶B组最大,与酶D组差异极显著(P<0.01),与正对照组和酶C1组差异显著(P<0.05);后期料重比各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05);全期料重比以酶D组最小,与酶A、B,C2负对照组差异显著(P<0.05);(2)与负对照相比,酶C1和酶D组显著提高粗蛋白回肠表观消化率(P<0.05).由此可知,低能饲粮中添加200 uL/kg酶D或150 uL/kg酶C能够改善肉鸭的生长性能和回肠养分表观消化率;添加500 mg/kg酶A、200 uL/kg酶B或300 uL/kg酶C对肉鸭生长性能和养分消化率均无改善作用.     

中草药对肉鸡生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响

研究以白头翁、黄芪、黄连、党参和大黄等药材组成的中草药复方制剂对肉鸡生产性能和营养物质表观消化率的影响。选用200只1日龄健康罗斯308肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ～Ⅴ组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%和2%的中草药复方制剂。试验期42d。结果表明:1)中草药复方制剂可促进肉鸡生长,提高生产性能。添加量为1.5%时取得了较好的日增质量(ADG)和料重比(F/G),与对照组相比,ADG提高7.38%,F/G降低6.25%。2)日粮粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙及磷的表观消化率各试验组与对照组相比,1.5%添加组效果较好,21d时分别提高8.81%、1.15%、13.82%及8.58%;42d时分别提高7.21%、0.36%、5.49%和5.54%。结果表明:日粮中添加中草药复方制剂促进了养分的消化吸收,提高了肉鸡的生产性能。其添加比例在1%～1.5%效果较好。     

DDGS日粮中添加复合酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

选用960只1日龄改良型艾维茵肉鸡随机分成3个处理组,每个处理8个重复、每个重复40只鸡,分别饲喂玉米-豆柏型日粮、DDGS型日粮、DDGS加酶型日粮.DDGS添加量为前期5%、后期13%.其中DDGS加酶型日粮中添加复合酶150 g/t.测定分析了肉鸡的生长性能、屠宰性能以及生物学综合评定价值和经济效益分析.试验结果显示:DDGS加酶型日粮对肉鸡生产性能和屠宰性能均无不良影响(P0.05),生物学综合评定价值为100,并降低了全期单住增重饲料成本;而DDGS型日粮显著增加了肉鸡的料肉比(P<0.05),显著降低了屠体重、胸肌重和翅肌重(P<0.05),降低了生物学综合评定价值,增加了中大鸡的单位增重饲料成本.     

中草药对肉鸡生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响

研究以白头翁、黄芪、黄连、党参和大黄等药材组成的中草药复方制剂对肉鸡生产性能和营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选用200只1日龄健康Rose308肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复。1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;2～5组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%和2%的中草药复方制剂。试验期42d。结果表明:1)中草药复方制剂可促进肉鸡生长,提高生产性能。试验条件下,添加量为1.5%时取得了较好的日增质量(ADG)和料重比(F/G),与对照组相比ADG提高7.38%(P0.05),F/G降低6.25%(P0.05)。2)日粮粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷的表观消化率各试验组与对照组相比1.5%添加组效果较好,21d时分别提高8.81%(P0.05)、1.15%(P0.05)、13.82%(P0.01)和8.58%(P0.05);42d时分别提高7.21%(P0.05)、0.36%(P0.05)、5.49%(P0.05)和5.54%(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加中草药复方制剂促进了养分的消化吸收,从而提高肉鸡的生产性能。其添加比例在1%～1.5%效果较好。     

日粮中谷物组成和复合酶添加对生长猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响

选用体重约20kg的杜×长×大三元杂交生猪108头,随机分成9个处理组,每组3个重复,每重复4头猪,公母比为1:1。采用2×3试验设计研究了日粮中不同谷物组成和不同复合酶的添加水平对生长猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响。结果表明:(1)日粮中谷物组成显著影响生长猪的日增重、料肉比和营养物质消化率(P<0.05)。随着日粮中谷物组成的小麦比例的增多,生长猪的日增重会降低而料肉比会相应提高,能量、干物质、蛋白质和粗纤维的消化率会显著降低;(2)添加复合酶制剂能显著提高能量、干物质、蛋白质和粗纤维的消化率,从而提高生长猪的日增重和降低料肉比。随着复合酶添加量的增加,生长猪的日增重和养分消化率均显著提高(P<0.05),而料肉比显著降低(P<0.05),但复合酶的两个添加水平(0.025%和0.05%)之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)小麦占日粮谷物组成的38%和添加0.025%复合酶的饲粮与玉米豆粕型日粮相比,生长猪的日增重与能量、干物质、蛋白质的消化率均有所提高(P>0.05),粗纤维的消化率显著提高(P<0.05),而料肉比显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,在本试验条件下,生长猪日粮中小麦占谷物的的比例以38%左右较为适宜,复合酶的适宜添加水平为0.025%。     

日粮中添加酶制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能及消化率的影响

以60头35日龄长白断奶仔猪为试验动物，在玉米／豆粕基础日粮中添加0．05％，0．10％，0．15％的酶制剂。结果表明，0．10％酶制剂添加水平对断奶仔猪生产性能和日粮养分的消化率及添加剂的经济效益达到最大值。     

饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能的影响

本试验采用2×2因子试验设计,在两种能量水平饲粮中分别添加或不添加木聚糖酶饲养艾维菌肉公鸡,旨在研究木聚糖酶在肉鸡不同能量饲料中的应用效果。每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只。试验结果为：降低饲粮能量水平可以降低肉鸡前期（0—3周）、后期（4—6周）或全期日增重、采食量趋势,显著降低后期或全期的饲料转化效率;添加木聚糖酶可显著提高后期或全期的采食量、各阶段肉鸡的日增重和饲料利用率;饲粮能量和木聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能无显著的交互作用。结果表明：在试验的两种饲粮能量水平下,添加木聚糖酶均可改善肉鸡生产性能;在低能粮中添加木聚糖酶的效果更好,并可达到高能饲粮的效果。     

Effect of dietary enzymes on the ileal digestibility and abdominal fat content in broilers

The effects of purified cellulase and a commercial feed enzyme (FE) containing cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and so on, on the performance, abdominal fat content, digestibility of ileal contents and metabolizable energy of broilers were examined. Male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) were divided into three groups: control, cellulase (1 U/g feed) and FE (0.6 mg/g feed) with seven replicates. Chicks were raised under a temperature condition of 25°C in wire bottom cages for 12 days from 15 days of age. Feed (corn–soybean meal diet: crude protein, 21%; metabolizable energy, 3000 kcal/kg) and water were offered ad libitum. Dietary cellulase had a negative effect on the bodyweight gain and feed conversion ratio. The FE had no effect on bodyweight gain, but tended to improve the feed conversion ratio. The ileal crude protein and ash digestibilities were improved by the FE, but not by the cellulase. Furthermore, cellulase decreased the abdominal fat content and the FE increased metabolizable energy. In conclusion, digestion is enhanced and an improvement in performance is brought about by FE and, interestingly, fat metabolism is affected by cellulase by an unknown mechanism.     

不同复合蛋白酶对肉鸡生长性能和营养物质利用率的影响

为研究添加不同复合蛋白酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和营养物质利用率的影响,试验选取2592只1日龄罗斯308商品肉仔鸡公雏,随机分为6个处理组,每个处理组12个重复,每个重复36只,饲养密度12只/m^2。处理1组为对照组,不使用酶制剂,日粮蛋白水平相对于营养标准降低了1.5%,处理2~6组在处理1组的基础上添加5种酶制剂,试验期38 d。结果表明:肉鸡13~24日龄,添加不同蛋白酶均在不同程度上有改善肉鸡料重比的趋势(P<0.10),其中T2组效果较佳,料重比改善0.017;其余阶段及全期,不同处理的肉鸡生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05);各处理组之间肉鸡全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、翅重率、腹脂率、肌胃率、腺胃率差异不显著(P>0.05);在低蛋白日粮的基础上添加蛋白酶均可提高肉鸡日粮表观代谢能(AME)、氮校正表观代谢能(AMEn)、能量利用率以及粗蛋白质表观消化率,其中AME分别提高19、33、8、61、51 kcal/kg,能量利用率分别提高1.2%、1.3%、0.5%、2.2%、1.8%,但统计上差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,在本次试验条件下,添加不同外源蛋白酶对肉鸡生长性能和屠宰性能无显著影响,但可在一定程度上提高营养物质利用率,从而降低肉鸡粪便氮排泄量。     

Impact of combined α-galactosidase and xylanase enzymes on growth performance,nutrients digestibility,chyme viscosity,and enzymes activity of broilers fed corn–soybean diets

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a combined α-galactosidase and xylanase preparation on nutrients digestibility and growth performance in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 had 240 broilers allocated to 3 treatments with the dietary supplementation of 0, 300, and 500 g/t of the enzyme combination. Diet and amino acid (AA) digestibility were assessed. Experiment 2 was a 2 × 3 (enzyme × diet) factorial arrangement with 10 replicates of 12 male broilers per replicate. Diets were based on corn–soybean meal (SBM) diet and had 3 nutritional levels (normal, 2% apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and crude protein (CP) reduction, and 4% AME and CP reduction). Each of these diets was fed with or without enzyme supplementation. Growth performance, chyme viscosity, nutrients digestibility, and endogenous enzymes activity were assessed. In experiment 1, enzyme supplementation improved the digestibility of Ca (P = 0.025) and ileal digestibility of total AA, Pro, Alu, Ile, Lys, His, Thr, Glu, Val, Leu, Tyr, and Phe (P < 0.05), and also tended to increase the AME of diets (P < 0.10). In experiment 2, broilers fed the corn–SBM diet with 4% nutrient reduction had better growth performance (P < 0.05), jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 d (P < 0.01), and lower digestibility of gross energy (GE; P < 0.05) when compared with those fed the normal nutrient diet. Enzyme inclusion increased digestibility of CP (P = 0.044), GE (P = 0.009), raffinose (P < 0.001) and stachyose (P < 0.001), improved average daily gain (P = 0.031), and reduced jejunal digesta viscosity at 42 d (P = 0.011). Besides, similar improvements trend in amylase, trypsin, sucrase, and maltase activity with enzyme inclusion were observed as with energy. These data support that the enzyme supplementation increased nutrients and ileal AA digestibility, improved performance and endogenous enzymes activity.     

不同复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能和饲料养分利用率影响的比较研究

选用25～27日龄断奶的"长×大"二元杂交断奶仔猪96头[平均体重为(7.31±0.14)kg],以研究不同复合酶对断奶仔猪生产性能和饲料养分消化率的影响。试验仔猪按完全随机区组设计分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,试验期14 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组A、B、C在基础日粮中分别添加不同的复合酶A、B、C。试验结果表明:基础日粮中添加复合酶A、B、C后,断奶仔猪的平均日增重分别提高了7.58%(P<0.05)、10.15%(P<0.05)和5.74%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低了5.47%(P<0.05)、8.59%(P<0.05)和6.25%(P<0.05),有机物、粗蛋白和磷的消化率显著提高(P<0.05),粗蛋白的消化率分别提高了2.96%、3.3%和2.26%。在3种复合酶中,以复合酶B的效果为最好,其次为复合酶A和C。     

复合酶制剂对仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响

研究选取了体重为20.0 kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交猪24头,随机分为3组,每个处理组8头,分别饲喂不含酶制剂、含酶制剂Ⅰ、含酶制剂Ⅱ的3种日粮,饲养期为28 d。结果表明,酶种类齐全、酶活高的复合酶制剂,能够更有效地提高仔猪的生长性能,改善对饲料氮和磷的利用,降低粪便的排放污染,是未来高效新型环保饲料添加剂的发展趋势。     

Effects of lysolecithin supplementation in low-energy diets on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,viscosity and intestinal morphology of broilers

1. The study aimed to investigate the effect of lysolecithin supplementation in low-energy diets on growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal mucosa characteristics of broilers.

2. A total of 800 one-d-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to 4 dietary treatments consisting of 10 replicates of 20 broilers each. Broilers were fed with 4 different diets: (i) HE: positive control group broilers received a diet with unaltered energy; (ii) LE: negative control group broilers received a diet with lower energy of about 0.27 MJ/kg; (iii) LElys500: broilers received a diet similar to LE supplemented with 500 g/tn lysolecithin product (Lysoforte Booster Dry^TM); and (iv) LElys300: broilers received a diet similar to LE supplemented with 300 g/tn lysolecithin product. The experimental period was 42 d.

3. Body weight gain in treatments HE was higher than LE during the overall experimental period, while LElys500 and LElys300 had intermediate values. Feed conversion ratio was lower in HE and LElys500 than LE group, while the LElys300 had intermediate values. Fat digestibility was improved in both LElys 500 and LElys300 compared to the HE group. Apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) was higher in HE, LElys500 and LElys300 than LE. Ileum viscosity at 42 d was also affected, being higher in LE group compared to HE. At 28 d mucosal thickness was lower both in LElys500 and LElys300 compared to HE and LE, while no difference occurred between treatment proliferation patterns of duodenal epithelial cells.

4. These findings indicated that lysolecithin supplementation at 500 g/tn of feed in low-energy diets maintained broiler performance. Supplementation of reformulated low-energy diets induced an increase in digesta viscosity. Lysolecithin supplementation resulted in variable alterations in the duodenum mucosal morphology.     

Effect of zinc bacitracin and phytase on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,carcass and meat traits of broilers

A total of 336 one‐day‐old Hubbard broiler chickens were randomly distributed among 8 groups, each containing six replicates (7 chickens/replicate). From 1 to 40 days of age, the groups fed the same starter, grower and finisher diets. The control group was unsupplemented; zinc bacitracin (ZnB) group received the antibiotic at 0.5 g/kg; fungal phytase (FP) groups received 250, 500 and 1000 U/kg diet of Aspergillus niger phytase (FP_250, FP_500 and FP_1000 groups), respectively; bacterial phyatse (BP) groups received 250, 500 and 1000 U/kg diet of Escherichia coli phytase (BP_250EP, BP_500EP and BP_1000EP groups) respectively. Considering the whole experimental period, body weight gain was unaffected by ZnB and different concentrations of bacterial and fungal phytase; however, the feed conversion ratio of the group fed a diet supplemented with 500 U of BP was better (p < 0.01) than those fed with a diet supplemented with 500 U of FP. BP_250 group had a higher (p < 0.05) apparent digestibility of ether extract compared to FP_250 group. In conclusion, bacterial phytase at 500 U may enhance performance of broiler chickens fed during days 1–40 of age and yield similar growth performance and economic efficiency to those of eB‐supplemented groups.     

Effect of inert fillers with changing energy-protein ratio on growth performance and energy digestibility in broilers

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using sand or diatomaceous earth (DIAE) as an inert filler while changing the energy-to-protein ratio in broilers, and therefore to evaluate if doing either will confound the results in energy enzyme efficacy studies by reducing the difference observed between the standard and low energy control diets. The dietary treatments consisted of one control treatment (3,050 ME kcal/kg, 220 CP g/kg) and a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements with 2 energy-to-protein levels (2,850 ME kcal/kg, 205 CP g/kg or 2,850 ME kcal/kg, 220 CP g/kg) and 2 inert fillers (sand or DIAE), each with 9 replicates. Each replicate pen included 5 straight-run broilers fed for a period of 21 d with weekly pen BW and feed intake measured. Ileal contents were collected on d 21 for ileal digestible energy (IDE), with 0.2% titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker. According to the main effect for inert filler, BW was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in treatments with reduced energy on d 21. Compared with the control group, no differences were observed among the reduced energy treatments for FCR and productivity index. Both IDE and ileal energy digestibility coefficient (IEDC) were decreased in the treatments formulated with reduced energy. Among reduced energy treatments, diets containing sand had significantly higher IDE and IEDC than the ones with DIAE. This study confirms that reduced dietary energy negatively influences broiler performance. Adding sand as the inert filler had an independently beneficial effect, and therefore DIAE may be a more appropriate source of inert filler to replace fat in a diet with a disrupted energy-to-protein ratio, which is the typical methodology in energy enzyme efficacy studies.