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茶黑毒蛾(Dasychira baibarana Matsumura)是茶树上一种重要的食叶类害虫,常在茶园暴发成灾,严重影响茶树的树势和茶叶的产量。本文介绍了茶黑毒蛾的主要形态特征、发生特点和防治方法,为生产上正确识别和防治提供参考。 相似文献
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湘黄卷蛾是近年来新发现为害茶树的一种卷叶害虫。本文介绍了该虫的识别特征、生活习性和防治方法,并总结比较了该虫与茶园2种常见的卷叶蛾(茶卷叶蛾和茶小卷叶蛾)在形态和习性上的异同,为生产上正确识别和有效防控该虫提供依据。 相似文献
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为了搞好我省害虫天敌区系,准确预测主要棉虫的发生量、确定各代(期)棉虫的适当防(药)治指标,充分发掘棉田害虫自然天敌的潜力(包括合理引进和保护利用当地自然天敌优势种),协调防治棉虫技术措施和开拓棉虫综合防治新体系,笔者于一九七六年至一九七九年以本所棉地为基点,对棉田的二十瓦黑光灯下、柳枝把中、棉株(地面、空中)和主要棉虫危害的农作物上的害虫自然天敌进行了采集、积累,并采集了一部分 相似文献
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为了有效监控永兴岛危险性害虫发生与危害,本研究对永兴岛可调查的所有陆地区域野生盐生植物、园林绿化植物、耐盐果蔬和绿色固沙植物害虫进行系统性普查及风险评估。普查结果表明:8种野生盐生植物上害虫(螨)19种,其中5种外来入侵害虫和11种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害;57种园林绿化植物上害虫(螨)33种,其中9种外来入侵害虫和17种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害;31种耐盐果蔬害虫(螨)36种,其中7种外来入侵害虫和20种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害;22种绿色固沙植物害虫(螨)15种,其中5种外来入侵害虫和5种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害。风险评估结果表明,椰心叶甲(Brontispa longissima)、木瓜秀粉蚧(Paracoccus marginatus)、扶桑绵粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis)的综合风险值(R)均为2.09,在永兴岛均属于高度危险有害生物,椰子织蛾(Opisina arenosella)、波氏白背盾蚧(Diaspis boisduvalii)、新菠萝灰粉蚧(Dysmicoccu neobrevipes)、烟粉虱(Bemisia ... 相似文献
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作为一种茶树重要的半翅目类害虫,红蜡蚧在我国多数产茶省均有分布,以其成虫和若虫刺吸汁液为害茶树并能诱发茶煤病,影响茶树生长、茶叶品质和产量。本文介绍了红蜡蚧的形态特征、发生特点和防治方法,以方便茶农识别和防治。 相似文献
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百香果是海南省的新兴产业,也是我国多个省区扶贫攻坚的重要产业。病虫害是影响百香果产业的重要因素,随着海南百香果种植面积越来越大,病虫害对百香果产业的不利影响越来越凸显。由于缺乏百香果病虫害种类调查鉴定的基础性研究,许多种植户对田间发生的病虫害种类识别不足,从而影响了百香果病虫害的防控效果。为了摸清海南百香果种植区的病虫害种类,于2019—2021年对海南省儋州市、乐东县、屯昌县、文昌市、三亚市、东方市、保亭县、白沙县、海口市等百香果种植区的病虫害进行了系统调查与鉴定,并对其发生危害特点进行了研究。鉴定发现海南百香果种植区的病害有11种,分别是病毒病、茎基腐病、炭疽病、疮痂病、疫病、灰霉病、果腐病、褐斑病、烟煤病、藻斑病和缺镁。重要病害为病毒病和茎基腐病,危害程度分别为4级和3级,炭疽病和疮痂病危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他病害危害较轻。害虫有28种,分别是黄胸蓟马、茶黄蓟马、红带蓟马、美洲棘蓟马、普通大蓟马、咖啡木蠹蛾、美洲斑潜蝇、橘小实蝇、斜纹夜蛾、双线盗毒蛾、绿丽刺蛾、白带锯蛱蝶、烟粉虱、温室白粉虱、柑橘粉蚧、木槿曼粉蚧、藤壶蜡蚧、茶角盲蝽、樟颈曼盲蝽、稻绿蝽、中稻缘蝽、茶小绿叶蝉、丽球瓢蜡蝉、绿鳞象甲、眼斑芫菁、白条豆芫菁、甘薯梳龟甲和朱砂叶螨。重要害虫为黄胸蓟马和咖啡木蠹蛾,危害程度均为3级,茶黄蓟马和美洲斑潜蝇的危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他害虫危害较轻。软体动物3种,分别是灰巴蜗牛、同型巴蜗牛和一种尚未鉴定的蛞蝓。本研究明确了海南百香果种植区病虫害具体种类,新发现百香果病害1种和害虫24种,为海南百香果病虫害的精准防控提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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Paul A. Umina Aston L. Arthur Stuart A. McColl Ary A. Hoffmann John M.K. Roberts 《Crop Protection》2010
Control of invertebrate pests in broad-acre agriculture largely relies on the application of broad-spectrum pesticides, however resistance problems and environmental concerns are driving a search for alternatives including more selective products. Here we explore the feasibility of using novel chemical groupings in the control of problematic pests that attack germinating pastures and grain crops in Australia. A modified laboratory bioassay is described for testing the response of several invertebrate pests to pesticides that have contact and systemic/translaminar properties. Two contact pesticides (fenitrothion and gamma-cyhalothrin) and three pesticides with strong systemic/translaminar properties (lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin and diafenthiuron) showed promise for control of the collembolan Sminthurus viridis and four mite pests (Halotydeus destructor, Balaustium medicagoense, Penthaleus falcatus and Bryobia sp.). No single pesticide emerged as the most efficacious against all these pests, highlighting the need for correct pest identification before making control recommendations. Incorporating these new chemical options into pest control programs may help to control emerging pests and counter pesticide resistance issues. Selective pesticides in particular are likely to be compatible with integrated control programs that promote the establishment and maintenance of beneficial natural enemies. 相似文献
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Ugandan farmers were interviewed in order to investigate their knowledge, perceptions and ability to manage pests in agroforestry generally and on Alnus species particularly. Farmers’ ability to recognise pest problems on Alnus species was significantly influenced by their length of experience in cultivating the species, but not their age, sex or formal education. Most farmers (77%) were aware of pest problems on Alnus species. However, identification of pest problems was based largely on damage type rather than causal agents. Whereas farmers had good knowledge of vertebrate pests of Alnus, insects and diseases that infest the tree species were unknown to most farmers. Apis mellifera damage on Alnus was the most frequently described damage, but its cause was either unknown or misdiagnosed. Most farmers did not control insect and disease infestations on Alnus because they did not know the causal agents and/or appropriate control measures. Farmers were generally more knowledgeable on insect and disease infestations on crops than on multipurpose tree species (MPTS) and most of them (98%) perceived that crops suffer more damage from such pests than do MPTS. However, farmers’ ability to manage insect pests and diseases seemed weak on both crops and MPTS. Most farmers suggested the use of pesticides to combat pests, but they mentioned only one insecticide, permethrin and one fungicide, mancozeb. More alarming were the suggestions by a few farmers on the use of mancozeb against aphids, and permethrin to combat crop wilt and dieback. Farmers need to be educated about diagnosis, basic ecology and management strategies for both crop and tree pests to ensure sustainable pest control in agroforestry. 相似文献
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图像特征和样本量对水稻害虫识别结果的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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基于模板匹配的多目标水稻灯诱害虫识别方法的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水稻灯诱害虫的识别与计数在水稻田间害虫监测中是非常重要的。由于水稻害虫被黑光灯诱集后姿态各异,存在虫体残缺现象,增加了图像自动识别的难度。在获取水稻灯诱害虫非粘连图像基础上,利用模板匹配和K折交叉验证方法进行多目标水稻灯诱害虫的识别。首先,提取每个水稻害虫图像中包括颜色、形态和纹理共156个特征参数;然后,利用主成分分析法进行数据降维,选取前6个主成分作为害虫特征参数;最后,根据每种灯诱害虫的姿态确定模板数,通过模糊C均值获得聚类中心作为模板参数,分别利用单模板和多模板匹配方法进行水稻害虫的识别。结果表明,针对姿态各异且有虫体残缺的多目标水稻灯诱害虫,多模板和单模板匹配法的识别率分别为83.1%和59.9%。 相似文献