河沟圈拦养鱼试验报告

为提高天然河道鱼产量，进行了围拦河沟养鱼的试验。围拦面积29．84亩，共放养鲢、鳙、草鱼、鲂、鲤、白鲫大规格鱼种及夏花33，232尾，以池塘精养方式饲养。经半年时间，获亩净产255．44公斤，亩净利润330．64元。     

主养草鱼池塘三种混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较

为进一步提高我国广大池塘养鱼的产品质量、经济效益和改善其生态环境。本试验在武汉新洲973项目实验基地9个陆基鱼池中进行了三种不同混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较研究,每种模式设3个重复。模式Ⅰ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙和高背鲫;模式Ⅱ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙、匙吻鲟和高背鲫;模式Ⅲ中放养草鱼、鲢和高背鲫。 结果表明：通过122d的养殖试验,模式Ⅱ中草鱼的生长不仅显著高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ（P<0.05）,而且其经济效益模式Ⅱ同样高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ。     

蛤蟆通水库鱼类组成和鲢、鳙生长规律的研究

蛤蟆通水库的鱼类区系组成现有鱼类９科２６种，其中鲤科鱼类占６２％。实行人工放养后鲢、鳙占优势，年产量占总渔获量的８０％以上。鲢、鳙的体长（Ｌ）与体重（Ｗ）相关关系式分别为ＬｏｇｗＨ＝２．９６５８ＬｏｇＬ－１．６７８８、ＬｏｇｗＡ＝３．１２５４ＬｏｇＬ－１．９２４５。同时应用ｖｏｎＢｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｙ生长方程［２］计算鲢、鳙的生长参数为：Ｌ∞（Ｈ）＝１３６．５ｃｍ，Ｌ∞（Ａ）＝１６１．９ｃｍ；Ｗ∞（Ｈ）＝４５０３４ｇ，Ｗ∞（Ａ）＝９５２４０ｇ；Ｋ（Ｈ）＝０．０９６９，Ｋ（Ａ）＝０．０８０２；ｔ０（Ｈ）＝－０．１３３６，ｔ０（Ａ）＝－０．２２９３。生长拐点处的体重分别是１３３３６ｇ（０．２９６Ｗ∞（Ｈ）和）２８３２４ｇ（０．３０Ｗ∞（Ａ））     

聚合草(俄罗斯饲料菜)饲养草鱼试验

在０．２ｈｍ＾２池塘中主养草鱼,混养鲢、鳙、鲤、鲫、放养数量比例（％）分别为３６：３４：１５：４：１１,共放草鱼９２８尾,平均规格１７５ｇ／尾,主要投喂聚合草（Ｓｙｍｐｈｙｔｕｍ ｐｅｒｅｇｒｉｎｕｍ;俗称俄罗斯饲料菜）,辅喂鲤鱼配合颗粒饲料。经５个月饲养,草鱼产量１４１６ｋｇ,出池规格１４９８ｇ／尾,成活率９６．６％。综合核算：总产值１１５５４．７０元,总支出７７６１．００元,总利润３７９３．７     

池塘主养淡水白鲳放养密度试验

在３口０．８３亩池塘进行主养淡水白鲳的密度试验，分别放养平均尾重１４５ｇ鱼种５６０尾、９４０尾、７２５尾、并混养鲢、鳙、鲤、罗非鱼。结果：３口池塘分别折合每亩净产１２０６．２８ｋｇ，１３９２．０６ｋｇ，１０４３．４１ｋｇ，每亩纯收入６０００元左右。在盐度为１０的池塘中，养殖淡水白鲳，平均日增重６．７ｇ。     

静水土池塘以草鱼为主体鱼的食用鱼饲养技术和理论的研究

我国北方静水土池塘以鲢、鳙等肥水鱼为主的高效益、短周期养殖方式,已有深入研究。但是,鲢、鳙肉质差、产量低,价格仅为鲤、草鱼等优质鱼类的一半左右,因而鲤、草鱼等吞食性鱼类的养殖日意引起人们的重视。黑龙江水产研究所(1960)、周加坤等(1966)、雷慧僧(1961)、刘焕亮等研     

池塘主养青鱼实证小结

青鱼是我国池塘大宗淡水鱼养殖中较为普遍的养殖鱼类,传统的养殖方式是在池塘中与鲢、鳙、草鱼、鲫混养,青鱼作为非主体鱼,放养数量较低,生长受到池     

河沟围拦养鱼试验报告

为提高天然河道鱼产量,进行了围拦河沟养鱼的试验。围拦面积29.84亩,共放养鲢、鳙、草鱼、鲂、鲤、白鲫大规格鱼种及夏花33,262尾,以池塘精养方式饲养。经半年时间,获亩净产255.44公斤,亩净利润330.64元。     

黄河三角洲池塘主养草鱼高产技术

2007～2008年我们组织当地渔技工作人员,在东营市垦利县胜坨镇张东村组织实施了＂黄河三角洲池塘主养草鱼高产技术＂试验,共1.33 hm^2（20亩）水面,放养1龄鱼种,每667 m^2产成鱼788.9 kg,产值6074元,成本2953元,纯收入3 121元,其中草鱼平均规格1.02 kg,鲤、鲢为0.53 kg,鳙0.98 kg,罗非鱼0.48 kg。     

主养草鱼池塘3种混养模式鱼类生长和效益比较

为进一步提高池塘养鱼的产品质量和经济效益,改善养殖生态环境,在武汉新洲973项目实验基地的9个陆基鱼池中,对主养草鱼的3种不同混养模式鱼类生长和效益进行了比较研究.模式Ⅰ放养草鱼、鲢、鳙和高背鲫,模式Ⅱ放养草鱼、鲢、鳙、匙吻鲟和高背鲫,模式Ⅲ放养草鱼、鲢、匙吻鲟和高背鲫.通过122 d的养殖试验,模式Ⅱ草鱼的生长不仅显著高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ(P＜0.05);经济效益对比分析发现,模式Ⅱ同样高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ.     

赣江中游四大家鱼遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术对赣江中游四大家鱼的遗传多样性进行分析,青鱼（Mylopharyngodon piceus）、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）分别扩增出47、74、55、59个位...     

POLYCULTURE OF THE FRESHWATER PRAWN (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) WITH TWO COMBINATIONS OF CARPS IN MANURED PONDS

A study was conducted to 1) evaluate the compatibility of prawns (Macrobrachiurn rosenbergii) with carps, especially the effect of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio); and 2) measure the ability of prawns to utilize the foods available in manured systems. Carps used were the silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead (Aristichthys nobilis), grass (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Four ponds (0.09 to 0.17 ha) were stocked with silver, bighead and grass carps while common carp were stocked in only two ponds. Total fish densities were 8,600/ha where four carps were stocked, but only 6,200/ha when common carp were omitted. Post-larval prawns (wt 0.116 g) were stocked at densities of 17/m². Swine (approximately 60/ha of pond surface area) were housed on pond dikes so that fresh manure continuously entered each pond. Two lots of swine were fattened during the experimental period and loadings of swine manure were calculated based on hog size and feed consumption. Growth periods were 163 days for fish and 107 and 121 days for separate stockings of prawns. Gains in biomass by prawns averaged 714 kg/ha in ponds without common carp and 364 kg/ha in ponds containing common carp. Gains in biomass for both fish and prawns were 3,619 kg/ha (19.8 kg/ha/day) in ponds with common carp and 2,924 kg/ha (18.0 kg/ha/day) in those without common carp. Prawn survival was higher (X = 84.5% vs X = 72.5%), but final average weight of prawns was lower (2.64 vs 5.86 g) in the presence of common carp due to competition for food between common carp and prawns. Competition from carp is believed to have exerted less influence on prawn survival than predation on small prawns by larger, faster-growing prawns.     

The use of synthetic LH-RH analogue to spawn Chinese carps *

Abstract. The synthetic LH-RH analogue, des-GLY¹⁰[D-Ala⁶] LRH ethylamide was shown to be effective for induced spawning of Chinese carps. Ovulation was induced in 23 of 34 female grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., receiving a single injection of synthetic LH-RH analogue. Spawning success was 92% for 3-year and older fish at optimum temperatures (22–26°C). Reduced spawning success was noted for 2-year-old female fish, and when temperature exceeded 27°C. No mortality of study fish was observed following a single injection. Hybrid carp, grass carp x bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis Val., and grass carp x silver carp, Hypophthal-michthys molitrix Val., were produced using synthetic LH-RH analogue. Male grass carp, bighead carp and silver carp exhibiting pearl organs were stimulated to produce milt regardless of the presence or absence of free flowing milt at the time of injection. The potential importance of synthetic LH-RH analogue in fish culture and mechanisms of hormonal action are briefly discussed.     

提高家鱼人工繁殖效益的主要技术措施

本文通过多年比较试验和生产实践，采取产后亲鱼强化培育、春季稀放和浅水培育、产前流水刺激等技术措施，使鲢、鳙、草鱼提前７－１０ｄ产卵；２次注射催情效率明显高于１次注射，共催产率和孵化率分别提高４３．７６％和３３．４１％。     

Optimization of fish to mussel stocking ratio: Development of a state-of-art pearl production mode through fish–mussel integration

Integrated aquaculture has been widely used for pearl production in the freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii farming in China, but the production technology has not reached the state of the art. This study explored the optimal stocking ratio of fish to mussel (fish–mussel) through a 90-day experiment conducted in land-based enclosures. The integrated system included pearl mussel, grass carp, gibel carp, silver carp and bighead carp, with four fish–mussel stocking ratios by number: 1:1 (R1), 2:1 (R2), 3:1 (R3) and 4:1 (R4). The pearl yield was higher in the R2 enclosures than in the R1 and R4 enclosures, whereas the fish yield was higher in the R3 and R4 enclosures than in the R1 and R2 enclosures. The phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency was higher in the R2, R3 and R4 enclosures than in the R1 enclosures. The wastes of nitrogen (N) and P enhanced with the increase of fish–mussel ratio. Regression analyses indicated that the fish–mussel ratio was 2.3:1 for the maximal pearl yield, and 3.6:1 for the maximal fish yield, and 1.6–2.3:1 for the minimal N waste, and 1.9–2.9:1 for the minimal P waste. This study indicated that the suitable fish–mussel stocking ratio was 2:1 in the integrated culture of H. cumingii, grass carp, gibel carp, silver carp and bighead carp.     

四大家鱼幼鱼响应模拟水轮机流道压力变化试验研究

大坝的建设阻隔了鱼类的洄游通道,鱼类通过水电站水轮机下行或误入水轮机流道有可能被流道内复杂的结构及水动力特性损伤,甚至致死。为优化水轮机流道结构及水动力特性,降低流道内鱼类的损伤概率,需明确鱼类对水轮机流道内水动力特性的响应关系,特别是河道内主要鱼种对反击式水轮机流道内压力突变的响应关系。本文以长江半洄游性鱼类四大家鱼幼鱼为研究对象,采用透明高压舱及真空泵组成的实验装置模拟轴流式水轮机流道压力变化过程对四种家鱼幼鱼的影响。实验得出,生活于河流中表层的鲢鱼和鳙鱼较生活于河流中底层青鱼和草鱼的对负压及压力梯度具有较强的敏感性;四种家鱼幼鱼均受损伤的低压阈值为20kPa;压力最低值及压力变化梯度是决定家鱼幼鱼是否受到损伤及损伤程度的关键因子。结果可以为我国长江流域上水电站水轮机的结构优化和生态运行提供技术支撑。     

五种鱼的鳞被复盖过程及其同生长的关系

用茜素红染色法观察研究了904尾鲤鱼、429尾草鱼、637尾鲢鱼、70尾鳙鱼及243尾尼罗罗非鱼的仔幼鱼。五种鱼鳞片出现时全长分别为：16—19，17—19，27—32，26—31，10-14mm。完成鳞被复盖时的全长分别为24—30，24—28，47—55，48—58，19—22mm。五种鱼鳞片出现均始于侧线，但出现部位和复盖过程可分为两类：鲤、草鱼、鲢及鳙的鳞片首先出现于躯干前部，为由前向后发展型，至于具体扩展过程，鲤与草鱼相似，鲢与鳙相同；罗非鱼的鳞片首先出现于尾柄，为由后向前发展型。鳞片出现、复盖过程同全长及年龄的关系的比较观察和回归分析表明，这一过程的始末及速度主要同体长增长有关，同年龄关系不大。鳞被发育过程不仅反映了不同鱼类的不同生长规律，亦可能有助于认识鱼类间的亲缘关系。     

池塘主养草鱼种高产试验

在３００５ｍ＾２的池塘里,高密度培养大规格草鱼种,且塔养鲢,鳙,鲤种。采取的技术措施是：草鱼种入池先喂芜萍,２０天后改喂浮萍并驯喂粗蛋白含量较高的小颗粒配饵。草鱼种长到１０ｃｍ后,改喂粗蛋白含量较低的配饵;定期注入新水,增氧,泼洒药物,投喂药饵,高温季节,使池水保持长流水。结果：共产草鱼种５０３２ｋｇ,平均规格８０．１ｇ;鲢鳙鱼种２６６０．６ｋｇ,鲤种５３６．３ｋｇ,纯利４８９２８．６元,投入产出     

三角帆蚌钩介幼虫在5种寄主鱼体寄生效果的比较

选用黄颡鱼、草鱼、鲢、鳙和鲫作为三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)的寄主鱼,分析了寄苗悬液钩介幼虫密度和寄苗时间对5种鱼初始寄苗量的影响,并对寄生在这5种鱼上的钩介幼虫发育情况进行了观察。结果表明:无论高密度寄苗还是低密度寄苗,长时间寄苗还是短时间寄苗,黄颡鱼和草鱼的寄苗量都明显高于鲢、鳙和鲫。提高寄苗悬液钩介幼虫密度,寄主鱼的寄苗量显著增加,但增加寄苗时间,寄主鱼的寄苗量未见显著提高。黄颡鱼和草鱼的稚蚌脱苗率显著高于鲢、鳙和鲫,寄生在鲢、鳙和鲫鳃上的钩介幼虫约80%未发育至稚蚌便提前脱落。不论在寄苗量方面,还是在稚蚌脱苗率方面,黄颡鱼和草鱼均是三角帆蚌钩介幼虫的最佳寄主。     

Growth of Triploid and Diploid Bighead Carp,Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

Growth of second-year triploid and diploid bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, was compared in a 189- to 190-day yield trial; the fish were grown separately in 0.04-ha earthen ponds at 625/ha and were also grown communally in 0.05-ha earthen ponds at 640ha. When grown communally, bighead carp were polycultured with channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (7,50Oha), and grass carp, Cienopharyngodon idella (40/ha); when they were grown separately, they were polycultured with grass carp at 501ha. When cultured separately, diploids were longer (526 vs 499 mm) and heavier (1,645 vs 1,427 g) than the triploids at harvest, but the differences were not significant (P 5 0.05). When cultured communally, the diploids were significantly longer (519 vs 485 mm) and heavier (1,621 vs 1,321 g) than their triploid counterparts at harvest. Ploidy of all bighead carp was determined after fish were harvested, and 7.9% of the presumed triploids that were stocked separately were actually diploids. Growth of the triploids appeared to be acceptable for commercial use where diploid bighead carp are banned. The efficiency of producing triploid bighead carp must be improved if they are to be cultured in states where bighead carp are illegal.