陕西食用菌产业发展调查

<正>1发展成效1)品种不断丰富,珍稀菌类发展加快。陕西人工栽培食用菌已有40多年历史,长期以来主要以香菇、木耳、平菇等大宗食用菌为主。近年来,随着市场需求的变化,高档珍稀菌类增加较快。目前,全省食(药)用菌人工栽培种类达30多个,其中食用菌主要有香菇、黑木耳、平菇、双孢菇、杏鲍菇、金针菇、姬菇、秀珍菇、大球盖菇、鸡腿菇、茶树菇、白灵菇、猴头菇、草菇、滑菇、凤     

食用菌一枝独秀,以香菇引领大格局

<正>食用菌营养丰富,口味鲜美,已逐渐成为现代人餐桌上的新宠。作为世界食用菌生产大国,我国拥有丰富的食用菌物种资源,而且产量占据世界总产量的70%以上。当前我国食用菌的栽培种类已达70多种,大宗品种有香菇、平菇、木耳、双孢菇、金针菇、草菇等,一系列的珍稀品种如白灵菇、杏鲍菇、茶树菇、真姬菇、灰树花等也正受到市场青睐,成为食用菌产业中的新兴增长点。     

韩国食用菌的生产现状及流通情况

介绍2016年韩国食用菌生产总量为19.3万吨,主要生产品种为平菇、杏鲍菇、香菇、金针菇和双孢蘑菇,占生产总量的96.43%。食用菌出口量为1.6万吨,呈下降趋势,主要出口品种为金针菇和杏鲍菇。食用菌进口量为3万吨,主要进口品种为双孢蘑菇和香菇。概述价格动态和消费特点,并分析韩国食用菌产品的流通路径为农产品批发市场、大型流通企业和出口企业,介绍两条主要路径的特点和流通成本。     

2012-2013年度中国食用菌价格变化特征分析

用图表分析与统计描述的方法,给出2012年7月至2013年6月我国5个主要食用菌品种的价格变动情况：①从全国范围来看,2012—2013年度双孢蘑菇平均价格较高,香菇次之,金针菇、黑木耳和平菇的价格分列第3、第4、第5位;与上一年度相比,香菇、双孢蘑菇价格有较大幅度增长,黑木耳小幅增长,平菇基本维持不变,金针菇下降明显。②五大食用菌品种月度价格均存在一定起伏,其中,双孢蘑菇价格波动幅度最大,金针菇次之,黑木耳、香菇、平菇分列第3、第4、第5位。③对典型省份食用菌价格进行比较后发现,香菇、金针菇、双孢蘑菇、平菇在平均价格以及价格波动幅度等方面均存在较为明显的地域差异。     

带您入门食用菌行业,成就您创业致富梦想 食用菌专业技术培训火热招生

正本中心(公司)是浙江省食用菌协会创办专门从事各类食用菌专业技术培训单位,依托中央财政支持的国家生物技术(食用菌)实训基地,具有一流的教学设备和师资团队,实行师徒制传教,教学内容丰富,保证每个学员理论和实践相结合受训学习。一、培训内容:香菇、木耳、灰树花、灵芝、金针菇、平菇、草菇、秀珍菇、杏鲍菇和鸡腿菇等     

新疆石河子地区食用菌栽培现状及前景

新疆石河子地区的食用菌栽培起步较全国晚,1978年左右,引入棉籽壳袋料栽培这一突破性技术,使平菇栽培在80年代初很快形成了市场.之后,猴头菌、金针菇、木耳、香菇、灵芝等相继开始栽培,兵团、农垦科学院、石河子蔬菜所、石河子农学院等科研和教学单位均开展了此项工作,其中平菇的发展势头是最快的,随之木耳的袋料立体栽培技术迅速普及.90年代初期,金针菇的生产也形成了规模,一年四季,平菇、木耳、金针菇都有上市.1995年之后,双孢菇在新疆试种成功,极大地刺激了食用菌的销售市场,鸡腿菇、香菇、阿魏蘑菇等也以迅猛的速度发展起来.食用菌栽培在石河子地区的农牧团场已成为脱贫致富、繁荣经济扩大就业面的一个新型的产业;种植规模也由原来的单户分散、手工操作等方式向专业、大规模的方向发展;同时,野生食用菌资源的开发利用也有了较快的进展.     

带您入门食用菌行业,成就您创业致富梦想 食用菌专业技术培训火热招生

<正>本中心(公司)是浙江省食用菌协会创办专门从事各类食用菌专业技术培训单位,依托中央财政支持的国家生物技术(食用菌)实训基地,具有一流的教学设备和师资团队,实行师徒制传教,教学内容丰富,保证每个学员理论和实践相结合培训学习。一、培训内容:香菇、木耳、灰树花、灵芝、金针菇、平菇、草菇、秀珍菇、杏鲍菇和鸡腿菇等各类食用菌栽培生产,菌种制作技术。     

带您入门食用菌行业,成就您创业致富梦想 食用菌专业技术培训火热招生

<正>本中心(公司)是浙江省食用菌协会创办专门从事各类食用菌专业技术培训单位,依托中央财政支持的国家生物技术(食用菌)实训基地,具有一流的教学设备和师资团队,实行师徒制传教,教学内容丰富,保证每个学员理论和实践相结合培训学习。一、培训内容:香菇、木耳、灰树花、灵芝、金针菇、平菇、草菇、秀珍菇、杏鲍菇和鸡腿菇等各类食用菌栽培生产,菌种制作技术。     

带您入门食用菌行业,成就您创业致富梦想 食用菌专业技术培训火热招生

<正>本中心(公司)是浙江省食用菌协会创办专门从事各类食用菌专业技术培训单位,依托中央财政支持的国家生物技术(食用菌)实训基地,具有一流的教学设备和师资团队,实行师徒制传教,教学内容丰富,保证每个学员理论和实践相结合培训学习。一、培训内容:香菇、木耳、灰树花、灵芝、金针菇、平菇、草菇、秀珍菇、杏鲍菇和鸡腿菇等各类食用菌栽培生产,菌种制作技术。     

带您入门食用菌行业,成就您创业致富梦想 食用菌专业技术培训火热招生

<正>本中心(公司)是浙江省食用菌协会创办专门从事各类食用菌专业技术培训单位,依托中央财政支持的国家生物技术(食用菌)实训基地,具有一流的教学设备和师资团队,实行师徒制传教,教学内容丰富,保证每个学员理论和实践相结合培训学习。一、培训内容:香菇、木耳、灰树花、灵芝、金针菇、平菇、草菇、秀珍菇、杏鲍菇和鸡腿菇等各类食用菌栽培生产,菌种制作技术。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.