“十一五”我国设施蔬菜生产和科技进展及其展望

近年来,我国设施蔬菜生产发展极其迅速,生产面积以每年10 %以上的速度在增长,形成了不同区域特色的设施类型、生产模式和技术体系。本文分析了近五年我国设施蔬菜产业发展特点,并从设施装备研发、设施蔬菜生物学与基因功能研究、设施蔬菜育苗技术、资源高效利用与连作障碍克服技术、抗逆与调控技术、优质与安全生产技术等方面总结了我国近年来取得的主要科技成就。最后在分析我国当今设施蔬菜生产中存在的主要问题的基础上,探讨了我国今后设施蔬菜产业和科研的发展方向。     

宏观和微观视角下我国设施蔬菜产业发展的问题和对策分析

近年来,我国设施蔬菜产业发展迅速,但也面临着设施结构简单、性能较差、环境不完全可控、生产环境健康和农产品安全问题日益突出以及生产效益不稳定等问题。该研究分析了我国设施蔬菜的生产特点和存在问题,借鉴了荷兰设施蔬菜产业的发展经验,从我国现阶段设施蔬菜生产的组织形式、信息化和精准化管理、设施改良和装备研发以及清洁高效生产技术的应用等方面提出了对策建议,以期为我国设施蔬菜产业可持续健康发展提供借鉴。     

"十一五"我国设施蔬菜生产和科技进展及其展望

近年来,我国设施蔬菜生产发展极其迅速,生产面积以每年10%以上的速度在增长,形成了不同区域特色的设施类型、生产模式和技术体系.本文分析了近五年我国设施蔬菜产业发展特点,并从设施装备研发、设施蔬菜生物学与基因功能研究、设施蔬菜育苗技术、资源高效利用与连作障碍克服技术、抗逆与调控技术、优质与安全生产技术等方面总结了我国近年来取得的主要科技成就.最后在分析我国当今设施蔬菜生产中存在的主要问题的基础上,探讨了我国今后设施蔬菜产业和科研的发展方向.     

南通市设施蔬菜产业存在问题及对策

通过对南通市设施蔬菜产业现状调查,分析了目前产业中存在的突出问题,并针对问题,提出优化设施布局、选育设施专用品种、创新生产技术、加强安全生产体系建设、强化商品化处理和加工技术等建议对策,以期促进南通市设施蔬菜产业更好、更快地发展.     

辽宁设施蔬菜绿色生产关键技术应用研究概况

阐述了辽宁设施蔬菜产业生产现状,总结了绿色生产关键技术的应用情况,指出存在的问题,并结合实际提出了推进产业发展的建议,如加大投入力度,争取政策项目扶持;广泛开展宣传培训,扩大科技推广覆盖面;加速技术集成配套,提升设施蔬菜生产科技含量等,为优化设施蔬菜绿色安全生产,实现产业绿色、高效发展提供技术支撑。     

“十二五”我国设施蔬菜生产和科技进展及其展望

"十二五"期间,我国设施蔬菜生产取得了迅猛发展,生产面积稳步提高,技术装备水平显著提升,产品质量、安全性和竞争力不断增强,形成了适合不同区域发展的设施类型、生产模式和高效生产技术体系。本文分析了近5年我国设施蔬菜科技与产业发展特点,并从设施装备研发、设施蔬菜生长发育的生物学研究、抗逆机制与设施环境调控技术研究、病虫害抗性机制与防治、优质与安全生产技术研究以及连作障碍克服与嫁接育苗技术研究等方面总结了"十二五"以来取得的主要科技成就,分析了我国目前设施蔬菜生产中存在的主要问题,探讨了今后我国设施蔬菜产业和科研的发展方向。     

北京市设施蔬菜产业现状、问题与对策

设施蔬菜是北京市蔬菜生产的主要形式，对首都蔬菜应急保障发挥着重要作用。本文概述了北京市设施蔬菜产业的总体现状，以及2010—2021年间的变化趋势；剖析了设施蔬菜产业在设施、育苗、机械化、技术体系、社会化服务、从业人员等方面存在的问题，以及在蔬菜自给、设施用地、安全生产等方面所面临的挑战；建议实施设施升级换代工程和分类补贴，提升设施蔬菜产业社会化服务水平，加大设施装备与配套农机研发，加强绿色发展关键技术研发，扎实做好设施农业用地试点工作。     

江西省设施蔬菜生产现状调查与分析

针对江西省设施蔬菜生产面临的主要问题,围绕设施蔬菜连作障碍、病虫害防控、老旧设施改造、设施棚型、农机农艺融合等方面深入实地开展调查研究,摸清江西设施蔬菜生产发展中存在的堵点难点,探索适合江西省蔬菜产业的发展新途径和推广新机制。同时提出了设施连作土壤障碍治理、完善技术服务体系、选育设施蔬菜新品种、提升改造设施蔬菜基地、强化区域公用品牌建设等对策与建议,旨在为相关政府部门决策、蔬菜生产实践提供参考,助力实现江西省设施蔬菜产业绿色高效发展。     

黑龙江省蔬菜产业现状与发展建议

在分析黑龙江省蔬菜产业现状的基础上,指出了黑龙江省产业上游存在蔬菜种业水平低、与产业发展极不协调,产业中游存在生产发展迅猛、缺少标准化安全生产模式和集约化育苗与机械化水平程度低,产业下游存在出口加工、销售滞后等问题;分析了黑龙江省蔬菜产业在地理与自然环境、寒地蔬菜产业技术等方面的优势;并针对黑龙江省蔬菜产业发展技术瓶颈问题,提出了应增加蔬菜科研经费投入,加强优势蔬菜新品种选育、配套设施与栽培技术、采后与冷链物流技术等进行的攻关等建议。     

河北蔬菜基地:冬季雾霾多发 设施蔬菜基本无恙

正2013年入冬以来河北雾霾多发,部分地区甚至出现连续10余日持续性雾霾天气。但记者走访一些蔬菜生产基地发现,由于近年来菜农调整了农业大棚类型和蔬菜品种,冬季设施蔬菜产量基本上未受影响。地处冀南的邯郸市是河北重要蔬菜生产基地。其中,永年县是华北地区最大蔬菜生产基地,每年蔬菜播种面积5.33多万hm2,2013年冬季有1.33多万hm2越冬设施蔬菜,是北京、天津等华北地区城市重要     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.