5%阿维菌素·高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂防治棉田4代棉铃虫效果

为有效防治棉花4代棉铃虫,采用5%阿维菌素·高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂、1%阿维菌素乳油、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油3种药剂进行田间试验。结果表明,5%阿维菌素·高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂15、30g·hm-2用药1次7d后防效达77.23%、80.35%,显著优于其他药剂处理。建议生产上使用5%阿维菌素·高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂防治4代棉铃虫,中等偏重发生年份,应掌握在棉花棉铃虫卵孵高峰期用药,其推荐使用剂量为15~30g·hm-2。     

7种杀虫剂对菜青虫的防效试验报告

应用7种药剂对菜青虫进行防治试验。结果表明：0.5% 阿维菌素乳油、2.5% 高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂、4.5% 氯氰菊酯乳油、40% 毒死蜱乳油、40% 辛硫磷乳油对菜青虫有良好的防治效果。施药后3 d防效可达81.68%以上;药后7 d的防效在84.38% 以上,持效期7～10 d,生产上防治时可轮换或混合使用。     

氯氟氰菊酯防治棉铃虫田间药效试验

试验选择2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂,有效成分用量分别为7.5 ml/hm2、15 ml/hm2、22.5 ml/hm2的3组不同剂量防治棉田棉铃虫,验证其防治效果和其最佳使用剂量.结果表明有效成分的使用剂量在15～22.5 ml/hm2时防效最好,药后3～7 d平均防效达到85%以上.     

高效氯氟氰菊酯和阿维菌素对中华蜜蜂CarE和GSTs的影响

羧酸酯酶(Carboxylesterase,Car E)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GSTs)是蜜蜂体内重要的生化标记酶。本研究探讨了高效氯氟氰菊酯lambda-cyhalothrin和阿维菌素abamectin亚致死剂量对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana中肠Car E和谷GSTs活性的影响。结果表明,用阿维菌素和高效氯氟氰菊酯亚致死浓度LC5饲喂中华蜜蜂,明显诱导Car E活性增强;LC5浓度的阿维菌素诱导GSTs活性增强,而LC10~LC40的浓度抑制GSTs活性;高效氯氟氰菊酯LC5~LC40浓度对GSTs作用不明显;用LC10浓度的阿维菌素和高效氯氟氰菊酯处理中华蜜蜂72 h,Car E活性呈现先提高后降低的趋势,而对GSTs作用不明显。     

2．5％高效氯氟氰菊酯EC防治小麦蚜虫田间药效试验

2·5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC防治小麦蚜虫的使用剂量以300 m l/hm2(ai·7·5 g/hm2)为宜。掌握在小麦灌浆初期,蚜虫发生始盛期用药防治。采用常规喷雾,每公顷用药量对水600 kg,做到喷雾均匀周到,确保防治效果。1试验目的为验证2·5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC对小麦蚜虫的防治效果,确定最佳使     

以双斑长跗萤叶甲为主的玉米中后期害虫一体化防治药剂筛选

大田环境下利用无人机施药,筛选防治双斑长跗萤叶甲有效药剂,探讨玉米中后期害虫一体化防治的可行性。结果表明, 5%高效氯氟氰菊酯 EW、 5%甲维盐 WG、 30%噻虫嗪 SC、 30%噻虫嗪 SC减量 20%+CQMa421施药2 d后对双斑长跗萤叶甲防效均在 97.90%以上。5%高效氯氟氰菊酯 EW和 30%噻虫嗪 SC对蚜虫防效好,且持效期长。5%高效氯氟氰菊酯 EW、 200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺 SC、 200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺 SC减量 20%+CQMa421施用后玉米螟活虫数为 0～1.67头/百株。研究表明,玉米吐丝初期利用无人机喷施 5%高效氯氟氰菊酯 EW、 5%甲维盐 WG或 30%噻虫嗪 SC能有效控制双斑长跗萤叶甲,其中, 5%高效氯氟氰菊酯 EW能兼防蚜虫和玉米螟,可实现玉米中后期害虫一体化防控。     

高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺在小麦中的残留及消解动态分析

为了评价高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺在小麦生产上的安全性,建立了气相色谱测定的高效氯氟氰菊酯及UPLC-MS/MS测定噻虫嗪和噻虫胺的残留分析方法,并对高效氯氟氰菊酯和噻虫嗪在小麦籽粒、植株和土壤中的消解动态进行了研究。结果表明,高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在不同样品中的平均加标回收率为77.0%~105.6%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~11.1%;高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在小麦籽粒、植株和土壤中的最低检测浓度均为0.05 mg·kg^-1,最小检出量分别为0.002 5、0.000 1、0.012 ng。高效氯氟氰菊酯在小麦植株和土壤中的半衰期分别为8.0~12.4 d和16.5~19.3 d;噻虫嗪在小麦植株和土壤中的半衰期分别为1.2~2.5 d和3.7~5.3 d;2014年和2015年,在哈尔滨、新乡和银川市三地以240 g·hm^-2 和 360 g·hm^-2 施药量分别施药2~3次,距最后一次施药14 d时,高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在小麦籽粒中的最高残留量均小于0.05 mg·kg^-1,低于我国国家标准（GB2763-2016）。     

花生花蓟马室内药剂筛选及田间药效试验

采用浸叶法在室内对花蓟马进行了药剂筛选试验,并对毒效较高的3种药剂开展了进一步毒力测定和田间药效试验。结果表明,有机磷类的三唑磷和乐斯本,拟除虫菊酯类的高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯,以及氨基甲酸酯类的丁硫克百威等药剂对花蓟马的毒效很低,致死率均在37．6％以下。阿维菌素、啶虫脒和吡虫啉对花蓟马的致死作用明显,致死率分别为98．3％、98．7％和66．8％,它们的LC50分别为0．97mg·L^-1、15．4mg·L^-1和42．4mg·L^-1,以阿维菌素的毒力最高,是吡虫啉的43．71倍。田间药效试验结果与室内毒力测定结果相符合,以阿维菌素的防效最高,达93．3％以上,且持效期较长,施药后12d的防效仍在90％以上,是防治花生花蓟马的首选药剂。     

44%氯氟·毒死蜱水乳剂防治棉田4代棉铃虫效果

为有效防治棉花4代棉铃虫,采用44%氯氟·毒死蜱水乳剂、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC、40%毒死蜱EC 3种药剂进行田间试验。结果表明,44%氯氟·毒死蜱水乳剂148.5、198g·hm-2用药1次7d后防效达80.61%、83.32%,显著优于其他药剂处理。建议生产上使用44%氯氟·毒死蜱水乳剂防治4代棉铃虫,应掌握在棉田棉铃虫卵孵高峰期用药,其推荐使用剂量为148.5~198g·hm-2。     

防治水稻二化螟的高毒农药替代药剂的室内筛选

为了筛选防治水稻二化螟的高毒农药替代药剂,采用点滴法测定了7类32种药剂对不同水稻生态区二化螟种群的室内毒力。基于这些毒力数据,推荐对二化螟毒力较高的7种新型农药（氟虫腈、阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、虫酰肼、呋喃虫酰肼、氟铃脲和氟啶脲）和一些中低毒性的有机磷品种（如辛硫磷、喹硫磷、毒死蜱和哒嗪硫磷）作为大田药效试验的候选替代药剂。评估了田间二化螟对10种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的敏感性,发现7种对鱼高毒的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂（高效氟氯氰菊酯、λ 高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯和S 氰戊菊酯）对二化螟的毒力高于大多数有机磷类农药。虽然我国禁止上述菊酯类杀虫剂在水稻上使用,但是浙江瑞安田间种群（RA05）已对高效氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和λ 高效氯氟氰菊酯等产生高水平抗性（抗性倍数分别为166.7、51.9、41.3和36.8倍）。对鱼低毒的3种菊酯类农药（乙氰菊酯、醚菊酯和氟硅菊酯）对抗性二化螟（RA05）的毒力高于三唑磷。因此,可考虑将这些对鱼低毒的菊酯类农药作为防治水稻二化螟的高毒农药的替代药剂和抗性治理的轮换品种。     

The potential of mineral oils alone and with reduced rates of insecticides for the control of light brown apple moth,Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on nursery plants

The aim of the research was to identify alternatives to chlorpyrifos for the control of light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana, on nursery and ornamental plants. Viburnum tinus L., a commonly grown nursery plant, were infested with E. postvittana eggs, sprayed to run-off and mortality recorded. Several treatments were identified as equally efficacious as the standard chlorpyrifos spray (500 μg/l). The insecticides that compared most favorably with chlorpyrifos were λ-cyhalothrin and γ-cyhalothrin. Four horticultural mineral oils demonstrated good ovicidal properties when evaluated alone versus when combined with reduced rates of the above insecticides or spinosad, imidacloprid or thiacloprid. The response of some insecticide and horticultural mineral oil combinations varied, suggesting that the oil selected may be important. Chlorpyrifos, λ-cyhalothrin, γ-cyhalothrin and spinosad provided similarly high levels of residual control of neonates for up to 10 d from application. Mixtures of UltraPure, an nC21 horticultural mineral oil, with reduced rates of the above insecticides maintained residual efficacy. Alternative treatments evaluated in this study may provide a high level of E. postvittana control through egg mortality and residual effects on emerging neonates over the hatching period. Field trials are required to verify the potential of these alternatives for commercial application.     

Evaluation of neonicotinoids as pyrethroid alternatives for rice water weevil management in water-seeded rice

The rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most destructive insect pest of rice in the United States. Water-seeded rice, which is flooded at an earlier stage of crop development than drill-seeded rice, is at heightened risk of loss from root-feeding RWW larvae. Pyrethroids, the most widely used group of foliar insecticides for RWW control, have inherent limitations such as limited residual activity, narrow window of activity and extreme toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms. An array of field, lab and greenhouse experiments was conducted to compare the activity of two neonicotinoids with that of λ-cyhalothrin, a widely used pyrethroid, against the RWW. Small-plot efficacy trials were conducted during 2009, 2010 and 2011. Foliar clothianidin (Belay 2.13 SC) and a granular formulation (3%) of dinotefuran applied to plots were as effective as, and showed greater residual activity than, foliar applications of λ-cyhalothrin. Topical bioassays on adult weevils revealed that clothianidin possessed lower contact toxicity than λ-cyhalothrin. Residual assays using weevils placed on foliage of sprayed plots revealed that the toxic and sublethal behavioral effects of clothianidian on adult weevils were more persistent for clothianidin than for λ-cyhalothrin. Granular dinotefuran applied to greenhouse-grown plants previously infested with weevil larvae showed excellent larvicidal activity. Overall, these studies showed that neonicotinoids have potential as pyrethroid replacements against the RWW in water-seeded rice culture.     

除草剂混配施用对棉田常见杂草的防除效果

为了检验除草剂防除棉田杂草效果,以三氟啶磺隆、嘧草硫醚和精喹禾灵之间不同剂量的混配施用.试验表明：三氟啶磺隆和精喹禾灵两种混用及三氟啶磺隆、嘧草硫醚和精喹禾灵3种混用均对棉田杂草都有较好的防除效果.施药后7天杂草表现药害症状.施药后20天,三氟啶磺隆与精喹禾灵两种除草剂混用,随着三氟啶磺隆用量的增加对禾本科杂草的防效由89.2％增加到95.3％,对阔叶类杂草的防效由86.3％增加到94.9％,总体株防效由87.8％增加到95.2％;三氟啶磺隆与精喹禾灵、嘧草硫醚混剂3种除草剂混用,在精喹禾灵用量相同的条件下,增加三氟啶磺隆或嘧草硫醚的用量,对禾本科杂草、阔叶类杂草、杂草总体株防效均提高.施药后40天的株防效和鲜重防效均80％以上,说明混配药剂的持效期较长.     

农威豆田防除杂草的安全性试验研究

５％农威ＥＣ是一种低毒、高效、广谱，具有选择性内吸传导型，苗后茎叶处理的豆田除草剂。防除禾本科杂草防效达９５％以上，对阔叶杂草及莎草科杂草防效一般大于８５％，一次性施药，麦茬免耕种植夏大豆，省工省时。按每公顷剂量６７５ｍｌ于傍晚施药，其轻微药害７天后即可恢复，不伤害大豆植株，并增产５－１０％，不污染环境，药效期４０天左右，不影响下茬作物，安全性高，使用方便，在当前农业生产上属少有新品种。     

Field efficacy of wintertime insecticide applications against greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on winter wheat (Triticumaestivum L.)

Winter wheat producers in Oklahoma often combine an insecticide with a top-dress application of nitrogen during late fall and winter to control existing greenbug populations. We evaluated the efficacy of three classes of insecticides applied in cold weather field conditions ranging from −13.3 to 28.9 °C from 2002 to 2004 for greenbug control in winter wheat in replicated small plots. Insecticides provided control ranging from 0% to 98%, but generally responded similarly to temperature. Percent control of greenbugs resulting from applications of dimethoate, chlorpyrifos and λ-cyhalothrin was correlated with maximum, minimum and average daily temperatures that occurred two days post-treatment. While percent control was unique for each insecticide, a combined regression of percent control against average daily temperature predicted that a 95% level of control would be achieved when post-treatment temperatures exceeded 13.6 °C. Rainfall that occurred post-treatment affected the efficacy of dimethoate but did not affect the other insecticides. Insecticide persistence was extended under cooler temperatures, allowing acceptable control 14 days post-treatment if temperatures warmed. The decision to apply insecticides should be made based on existing treatment thresholds for greenbug, but if treatment with an insecticide is warranted, winter wheat producers can expect reasonable control of greenbugs from insecticides applied during the winter, as long as post-treatment temperatures exceed 13 °C within the following 14 days.     

Biological response of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), to various regimes of chemical and biorational insecticides

The chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a new invasive pest in the USA, is an economically important pest of certain vegetable, ornamental and fruit crops in southern and eastern Asia, Oceania and parts of Africa. These crops cannot be protected from the pest without resorting to the use of chemical insecticides. In order to forestall or delay the development of insecticide resistance in S. dorsalis, we continued our focus on the discovery of insecticides with different modes of action for rotational use. In this study we evaluated candidate insecticides to control S. dorsalis on ‘Jalapeno’ pepper, Capsicum annuum L.; these materials belong to different IRAC mode of action classes as follows: (i) 4A – neonicotinoids, i.e., imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran, (ii) 5 – spinosyns, i.e., spinosad and spinetoram, (iii) 3A – pyrethroids, i.e., β-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, ζ-cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin and (iv) 8D – borax mixed together with orange oil and detergents in the TriCon^® formulation. In addition we evaluated the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard^®) alone and in combination with the borax formulation at ½ of their usual rates of application. Each of the 3 neonicotinoid insecticides when applied either as a single foliar spray or as a soil drench significantly suppressed both adults and larvae for at least 10 days; indeed imidacloprid did so for 15 days. Dinotefuran was more effective as a foliar spray than as a soil drench. Spinosyns applied as a single foliar spray, significantly suppressed both adults and larvae through 15 days after treatment (DAT). None of the 4 pyrethroids provided significant suppression of either adults or larvae. The borax formulation suppressed adults and larvae through 10 DAT. B. bassiana significantly suppressed only the larvae at 5 DAT and not at 10 DAT. This study brings the number of insecticides known to be effective against S. dorsalis to 10 and these belong to 7 different modes of action classes. The use of such insecticides in rotation belonging to different classes will help delay the development of insecticide resistance in S. dorsalis.     

Effect of the insect growth regulator novaluron on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and its indigenous parasitoids

Research to evaluate effective and selective insecticides through periodic screening is needed to strengthen diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella L.) management. The efficacy of the insect growth regulator novaluron on DBM and effects on the parasitoids Diadegma sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae), Apanteles sp. (Hym.: Braconidae) and Oomyzus sokolowskii Kurdjumov (Hym.: Eulophidae) were evaluated. Novaluron was compared with the microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) var. aizawai, the pyrethroid insecticide λ- cyhalothrin and the organophosphate insecticide profenofos. Two replicated experiments were conducted on head cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata, planted in March and May 2007 at Wonji in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Infestation by DBM was less with novaluron and Bt compared with other treatments for both planting dates. Infestation with λ-cyhalothrin and profenofos was comparable with the untreated control. Yields were greatest with novaluron and were 80 and 32.5% (12.4 and 7.4 t ha⁻¹) greater than the untreated treatment for the first and second plantings, respectively. Diadegma sp. accounted for 91% of the parasitoid complex observed. Parasitism of DBM by Diadegma sp. ranged between 10 and 43% among treatments. Parasitism was less with λ-cyhalothrin and profenofos compared with other treatments. Owing to its efficacy against DBM and relative safety to its parasitoid, Diadegma sp., novaluron can be used in integrated DBM management for low elevation brassica production in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia.     

大颗粒球肥氮素释放特性及其肥效研究

通过静水培养试验、养分释放规律的田间模拟试验和田间肥效试验,探讨大颗粒球肥的氮素释放特性及对春玉米生长发育和氮素吸收利用的影响。静水培养试验表明,大颗粒球肥氮素累积溶出率达到80%所需要的时间较掺混肥延长1 h,两种肥料在7 h氮素基本完全溶解。田间土壤含水量条件下,大颗粒球肥的残留率达30%时所需时间为15 d,较掺混肥延长10 d;氮肥累积溶出率达97%时,大颗粒球肥需要20 d,较掺混肥延长15 d。田间肥效试验表明,同等施肥量条件下,施大颗粒球肥的玉米地上部干物质积累量、氮肥利用率和产量均优于掺混肥,最高产量达13 306 kg/hm~2,较掺混肥增产7.54%;氮肥利用率增加20.4%。     

How long can a herbicide remain in the spray tank without losing efficacy?

Five field trials were conducted over a three-year period (2006–2008) at two locations in southwestern Ontario to determine the length of time herbicides can remain in the spray tank prior to application in the field without impacting efficacy. Four pre-emergence and five post-emergence herbicides were mixed at their labelled rates and then applied in maize. Herbicides were either applied immediately after mixing in water, or after being held in solution for 1, 3 or 7 days. The most common weed species in the trials were Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Chenopodium album. Holding the herbicides in spray solution for up to 7 days did not affect the efficacy of the post-emergence herbicides in this study. Similarly, control of A. retroflexus and C. album with the pre-emergence herbicides was not affected holding the herbicides in spray solution for up to 7 days. However, control of A. theophrasti was decreased when isoxaflutole plus atrazine, dimethenamid plus dicamba/atrazine, or rimsulfuron plus S-metolachlor plus dicamba was in spray solution for more than 1 day. Nonetheless, there were no decreases in yield for any of the treatments evaluated. These data provide valuable information which growers can use to make informed decisions on whether to apply herbicides in non-ideal weather or to postpone application. The results of this study suggest that for the herbicides and weed species tested it is better to postpone application rather than make applications under non-ideal conditions.