甘肃马鹿导入东北马鹿杂交改良试验观察

试验以东北马鹿为父本,甘肃肃南鹿场人工驯养的甘肃马鹿为母本,进行导血杂交改良试验。结果表明,甘肃马鹿导入东北马鹿杂交改良,其杂交后代初生重、断奶重、周岁重和2～3用岁公、鹿产茸量均显著高于本地马鹿。     

甘肃马鹿人工授精试验观察

采用天山马鹿冻精,对甘肃肃南鹿场人工驯养的甘肃马鹿进行人工授精配种试验。结果表明开展马鹿人工授精杂交改良,其杂交后代初生重、断奶重显著高于本地马鹿,通过人工授精配种,可有效提高马鹿繁殖率。     

利用人工授精技术杂交改良甘肃马鹿的研究

利用天山马鹿冷冻精液,通过人工授精技术对甘肃马鹿杂交改良的研究表明,授精母鹿产仔率比自然繁殖的对照组提高了5．97％;经过改良的仔马鹿,从初生至5月龄的体尺(体高和体斜长)、体重均高于同期自然繁殖的纯种仔鹿,杂交改良效果显著。     

阿勒泰马鹿亚种种质特性分析

阿勒泰马鹿是我国马鹿中的一个优良亚种，本研究对阿勒泰马鹿和栖息地及生境选择、相对数量及食性、阿勒泰马鹿亚种的特征及体尺衡量、产茸力、繁殖力等进行了调查分析。阿勒泰马鹿体尺都高于天山马鹿和东北马鹿，公鹿肩高平均141．19cm；产茸量高于东北马鹿76.26％,高于天山马鹿63.94％，差异极显著（P＜0．01），因此利用阿勒泰马鹿优良种质改良我国马鹿是非常可观的。     

东北马鹿天山马鹿杂交F1茸重性状的杂种优势率

采用本交和人工授精方法，用选育的东北马鹿母鹿与天山马鹿特级种公鹿杂交（科称东天杂交），对东天杂交F1茸重性状及其杂种优质进行了观测，结果表明，本交获得的112只1－5锯F1茬茸鲜重平均为4．193kg，对双亲的3．997kg的杂种优势率为4．9％（P＜0．05），比母本的提高52．9％，人工授粗获得的55只1－3锯F1头茬茸鲜重量平均为3．710kg对双亲的3．327kg的杂种优势率为10．02％（P＜0．01），经母本的提高46．5％。     

利用Y染色体AMELY基因分析中国马鹿的遗传多样性

本研究利用Y染色体AMELY基因分析中国马鹿的遗传多样性,对塔河马鹿、伊河马鹿、阿尔泰马鹿、东北马鹿、甘肃马鹿共200个个体的AMELY基因片段测序,分析马鹿Y染色体的单倍型多样性,通过构建系统进化树,研究中国马鹿的群体遗传多样性并对马鹿的父系起源进行探讨。结果显示:塔河马鹿变异位点最多,具有很高的核苷酸多样性,与其他马鹿间的遗传距离远;本试验共定义了6个单倍型,分别为A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6,其中塔河马鹿、阿尔泰马鹿和甘肃马鹿具有独有的单倍型;利用所获得AMELY基因序列,构建NJ和ML系统进化树发现:塔河马鹿自成一个单系;甘肃马鹿自成一个单系,伊河马鹿、阿尔泰马鹿、甘肃马鹿、东北马鹿聚成一类,阿尔泰马鹿、塔河马鹿、东北马鹿聚成一类,塔河马鹿、甘肃马鹿与其他马鹿之间可能存在基因交流。     

清原马鹿鹿茸化学成分分析

本文对清原马鹿鹿耳化学成分进行了分析。结果表明，清原马鹿茸有高的粗蛋白质含量（６３．７１％），高氨基酸含量（５９．０９％），钙磷比０．９３：１，明显优于东北马鹿和东．天杂交Ｆ１马鹿鹿茸。     

东北马鹿与天山马鹿杂交F_1繁殖性状的杂种优势率

采用马鹿人工授精新技术及本文补配方法，用选育的繁殖指标高场和低场的东北马鹿母鹿与天山马鹿特级种公鹿（ 细管冻精） 杂交（ 简称东·天杂交） ，对东·天杂交Ｆ１ 繁殖性状及其杂种优势进行了观测，结果表明，低繁殖指标场东·天杂交Ｆ１ 的繁殖成活率达８７－３２ ％ ，其杂种优势率达３２－２８ ％ （ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ；高繁殖指标场的分别为９０－００ ％ 和２４－６２ ％ （ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ；低繁殖指标场取得了更为显著的杂交改良效果。     

天山马鹿的特征特性和引入东北地区后的生产性能

天山马鹿（Ｃｅｒｖｕｓｅｌａｐｈｕｓｓｏｎｇａｒｉｃｕｓ）是我国马鹿的优良亚种之一，体型大、产茸量高、茸质好，引入东北地区后，经过多年的风土驯化已适应当地气候，耐粗饲、抗寒冷，表现出产茸量高、繁殖力强的生产特点。用其种公鹿冻精给东北马鹿母鹿人工输精，即进行亚种间杂交，其后代Ｆ１头锯茸比母本提高５４％，二锯提高５９％，表现出明显的杂种优势，是用来改良较低产鹿茸的东北马鹿的最佳父本．     

东北梅花鹿和东北马鹿初生重及其遗传方式与杂种优势的研究

本文在研究东北梅花鹿和东北马鹿初生重的同时,探讨了它们正、反交F_1代初生重和花♀×马♂杂交系四种杂交组合杂种鹿初生重的遗传方式与杂种优势表现。结果表明,东北梅花鹿仔鹿初生重平均为5.707kg,公仔比母仔高5.3%;东北马鹿平均为11.17gkg、公仔比母仔高10.5%;俩亲本鹿初生重的差异极显著(P<0.001);马♀×花♂F_1的初生重平均为11.225kg,其杂种优势率为33%(P<0.001),呈显性(大值亲本)的遗传方式;花(?)×马♂F_1的初生重平均为6.385kg,其杂种优势率为—24.4%(P<0.001),呈中间型的遗传方式;马·花与花·马杂交F_1的初生重差异极显著(P<0.001);花·马杂交F_1(?)用花♂回交鹿初生重没有倾向花鹿,而是倾向马鹿,其杂种优势率为39.3%(P<0.001),呈超(大值)显性的遗传方式;用马♂级进鹿则符合正常的遗传规律,即倾向马鹿(P>0.05)。其杂种优势率为2.9%,呈显性(大值亲本)的遗传方式;F_1代横交鹿的杂种优势率为20.5%(P<0.01),呈超(大值)显性遗传方式;F_2后代横交鹿的杂种优势率为1.7%,呈显性(大值亲本)的遗传方式。     

Keratitis in red deer

Twenty-five of 40 red deer (Cervus elaphus) exhibited corneal opacities and ulceration resembling mild bovine infectious keratitis. Attempts to incriminate either a bacterial or viral causal agent were unsuccessful.

Subconjunctival injections of a penicillin/streptomycin mixture were administered in both eyes of affected and in-contact animals. Resolution over an 8 week period was uneventful.     

Osteochondrosis associated with copper deficiency in young farmed red deer and wapiti x red deer hybrids

Osteochondrosis is reported in association with copper deficiency in young red deer and wapiti X red deer hybrids on eight deer farms throughout New Zealand. On two farms, more than 30% of fawns were affected. Affected animals were lame, often had one or more swollen joints, and in some cases had an abnormal "bunny-hopping" gait or "cow-hocked" stance. Lesions were most common in the carpal, tarsal, stifle and hip joints, and were usually bilateral. Defects in articular cartilage ranged from loose flaps to complete separation with exposure of subchondral bone and the presence of cartilage fragments within the joint space. In advanced cases, the joints had features of degenerative arthropathy. Bilateral epiphyseolysis of the femoral head was observed in some severely lame deer. All deer with osteochondrosis had low serum and/or liver copper concentrations.     

Osteochondrosis associated with copper deficiency in young farmed red deer and wapiti x red deer hybrids

Osteochondrosis is reported in association with copper deficiency in young red deer and wapiti x red deer hybrids on eight deer farms throughout New Zealand. On two farms, more than 30% of fawns were affected. Affected animals were lame, often had one or more swollen joints, and in some cases had an abnormal “bunny-hopping” gait or “cow-hocked” stance. Lesions were most common in the carpal, tarsal, stifle and hip joints, and were usually bilateral. Defects in articular cartilage ranged from loose flaps to complete separation with exposure of subchondral bone and the presence of cartilage fragments within the joint space. In advanced cases, the joints had features of degenerative arthropathy. Bilateral epiphyseolysis of the femoral head was observed in some severely lame deer. All deer with osteochondrosis had low serum and/or liver copper concentrations.