用虫浆蛋白替代进口血浆蛋白在仔猪日粮中的应用效果

本试验选择杜×长×大三元杂交的断奶仔猪120头。将仔猪随机分成2个组，试验组日粮中添加5％虫浆蛋白．对照组日粮中添加5％进口血浆蛋白。经过10d的饲喂试验．结果表明：试验组与对照组仔猪日增重、料肉比、每千克增重饲料成本均接近，因此虫浆蛋白完全能替代进口血浆蛋白。     

中药马齿苋对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响试验

探讨了玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加马齿苋对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验选用性别相同、体重相近、日龄差异不超过2d的断奶杜长大三元断奶仔猪50头,采用单因子完全随机化设计,分成5组,以马齿苋分别占日粮1%、3%、5%、8%的比例添加。结果表明:加入马齿苋可显著降低断奶仔猪的腹泻,并能促进生长和提高饲料利用率(P<0.05),以占日粮5%的比例效果最好。     

日粮添加“Alimet”饲喂乳猪的效果

选用长×大28日龄断奶仔猪21头，进行为期32天的日粮添加“Animet”饲喂效果试验。结果表明，添加“Alimet”可提高仔猪日增重8．6％，提高采食量5．5％，降低料肉比3．25％。同时还能减少仔猪腹泄次数和降低单位增重的饲料成本，从而提高养猪生产的经济效益。     

日粮中添加酶制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能及消化率的影响

以60头35日龄长白断奶仔猪为试验动物，在玉米／豆粕基础日粮中添加0．05％，0．10％，0．15％的酶制剂。结果表明，0．10％酶制剂添加水平对断奶仔猪生产性能和日粮养分的消化率及添加剂的经济效益达到最大值。     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪血清GPT、AKP活性的影响

试验选用80头平均体重为6．16±0．13kg的长白×约克夏仔猪,28±1 d断奶后,按体重相近原则随机分为 5个处理,研究了不同水平的谷氨酰胺(Gln)对断奶仔猪血清中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性的影响。 Gln的添加量分别为0％、03％、0．6％、0．9％和1．2％。试验期为21 d。于试验的第7、14和21天,分别测定血清中 GPT、AKP活性。结果表明,日粮中添加Gln能够显著提高断奶仔猪断奶后7、14、21 d血清中谷丙转氨酶活性(P≤ 0．05)。第7、14天时,在日粮中添加Gln,对碱性磷酸酶的活性影响显著(P≤0．05)。谷氨酰胺在断奶仔猪日粮中最适宜添加量为1．2％。     

科技动态

peptide—a3对断奶仔猪生产参数与肠道健康的影响本研究测定了日粮添加抗菌肽peptide—a3（AMP-A3）替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养全消化道表观消化率系数（CTTAD）、血清免疫球蛋白、肠道和粪便菌群以及肠道形态的影响。将240头断奶仔猪（长白×大约克×杜洛克，初重5．74-t-0．38kg）随机分作4种处理：Pc（阳性对照；基础Et粮＋1．5g安普霉素／kg日粮）和AMP—A3（基础日粮中添加0、60和90mgAMP—A3／kgEt粮）。     

马齿苋多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究马齿苋多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,笔者选择30日龄断奶的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪128头,随机分为4个组,每个组设4个重复,每重复仔猪8头。4个组分别添加0(对照组)、0.05%(试验组Ⅰ)、0.10%(试验组Ⅱ)、0.20%(试验组Ⅲ)的马齿苋多糖,试验期为30 d。记录仔猪的日增重、日采食量、料重比和猪的健康状况。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加马齿苋多糖可不同程度提高仔猪日增重,且以添加0.10%马齿苋多糖组效果最明显(P0.05),试验组间差异不显著;添加马齿苋多糖可以不同程度降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率,且以0.05%组效果明显(P0.05)。综合各方面表明,马齿苋多糖可以改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,并以0.10%添加量效果最佳。     

酵母菌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加酵母菌对“杜×长×大”三元断奶仔猪生长性能的影响及腹泻的预防效果，并确定酵母菌的最佳添加水平。试验选择200头21日龄健康、体重相近的断奶仔猪，随机分成5组，每组5个重复，每个重复8头。各组仔猪日粮中分别添加0(对照组)、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%及0.20%的酵母菌(1.0×108CFU/g)，饲喂4周，比较各组仔猪的生长性能指标及腹泻率。结果表明，与对照组相比，断奶仔猪日粮中添加0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的酵母菌可以显著提高仔猪的终末体重和平均日增重(P <0.05)，显著降低仔猪的料肉比(P <0.05)以及腹泻率(P <0.05)。综上所述，在断奶仔猪日粮中添加0.10%～0.20%的酵母菌可改善仔猪生长性能，降低腹泻率，改善肠道健康，建议日粮中添加0.15%的酵母菌。     

糖精钠 对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

在粗蛋白18％的日粮中分别添加0．005％和0．01％的糖精钠，基础日粮作对照形成3种试验日粮。36头早期断奶仔猪随机分成3组，试验4周结果表明，日粮中添加0．005％的糖精钠能显著提高断奶仔猪的采食量和平均日增重（P＜0．05）。     

日粮中添加不同水平的乳糖及海藻提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验采用3×4设计来考察日粮中添加乳糖和海藻提取物（来源于海带属．主要成分为昆布多糖和岩藻依聚糖）对断奶仔猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响。乳糖添加量分别为60、150和250g／kg，海藻提取物添加量分别为0、1、2和4g／kg。试验选择24日龄、7．5±1kg断奶仔猪384头，按体重随机分为12个处理组（每个处理组8个重复）。结果表明，试验全期（0～21d）．乳糖X海藻提取物互作对断奶仔猪日增重（ADG）影响显著．当低和中等乳糖添加组13粮中海藻提取物的添加量增加到2g/kg时．断奶仔猪日增重显著增加（P〈0．05）。然而．当高乳糖组日粮中海藻提取物的添加量增加到lg／kg以上水平时．断奶仔猪日增重没有进一步提高。在试验期间．乳糖×海藻提取物互作对断奶仔猪饲料转化率（FCR）影响显著（P〈0．05）。当低乳糖添加组日粮中海藻提取物的添加量增加到4g／kg时．断奶仔猪饲料转化率极显著增加（P〈0．01）。当中等乳糖添加组日粮中海藻提取物的添加量增加到2g／kg时．断奶仔猪饲料转化率显著增加。但是．在高乳糖添加组13粮中增加海藻提取物的添加量对断奶仔猪饲料转化率没有影响（P〉0．05）。在整个试验期间．随着日粮中海藻提取物添加量的增加．断奶仔猪平均日采食量（ADFI）呈线性增加（P〈0．05）。随着日粮中乳糖添加量的增加．断奶仔猪对灰分的消化率呈线性增加（P〈0．01），氮（N）和中性洗涤纤维的消化率呈二次曲线规律下降（P〈0．01）。总之，在每个不同乳糖水平日粮中添加海藻提取物水平不同对断奶仔猪的影响效果不同。在饲粮中添加高浓度乳糖（60g/kg）或海藻提取物可通过提高养分消化率来提高断奶仔猪的日增重和饲料转化效率．也可以减轻仔猪断奶后发生的一些常见问题．     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.