藊豆作为黄粉虫饲料来源的可行性初探

以藊豆(Dolichos lablab)和麦麸为饲料,研究2种饲料对黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)及其粪便的影响,探讨藊豆作为黄粉虫饲料来源的可行性.结果表明,藊豆喂养的幼虫粗蛋白含量、粪便中氮和钙含量显著高于麦麸喂养的幼虫.2种饲料对黄粉虫质量、幼虫粗脂肪含量、粪便中磷钾含量没有显著影响.表明藊豆作为黄粉...     

浮萍饲喂黄粉虫的效益分析

以传统饲料配方为对照,测试添加不同用量浮萍(Lemna minor)对黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)幼虫生长发育及蛋白、粗脂肪含量等指标的影响。结果表明,黄粉虫幼虫对新鲜浮萍适口性良好;新鲜浮萍投饲比例大于80%,对黄粉虫幼虫的生长发育有阻滞,但对其蛋白、粗脂肪含量无显著影响(P0.05);以鲜浮萍∶麦麸质量百分比为65%∶35%配置,可使饲料成本降低33.95%,且不影响黄粉虫的饲喂周期、产量和质量。利用新鲜浮萍饲喂黄粉虫幼虫是可行的,通过构建"浮萍-黄粉虫"食物链,可显著降低养殖成本,增加经济效益和生态效益,促进黄粉虫养殖行业发展。     

黄粉虫饲养中几个重要技术参数的测定

设置不同饲料、温度、饲料湿度、密度及光照条件,对黄粉虫幼虫进行了饲养研究,用DPS统计软件对影响黄粉虫生长的各因子进行具体分析。结果表明：小麦粉＋玉米粉混合饲料对黄粉虫幼虫体重增长影响较大,是比较适宜的饲料配方;黄粉虫对温度的适度范围较宽,最佳生长发育温度为25～30℃;饲料含水量为18％时,黄粉虫幼虫生长较快;适宜的饲养密度为0．24．0．47条／cm2;阴暗处饲养黄粉虫生长更快;黄粉虫幼虫喜欢在浅层饲料中活动,饲料厚度应保持在4．0～5．5cm之间为宜。     

不同比例麦麸和玉米秸秆对黄粉幼虫生长性能的影响

为研究不同比例麦麸和玉米秸秆对黄粉幼虫生长性能的影响,试验选择1000只5~6龄黄粉虫,随机分成5组,对照组饲喂小麦麸,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂20%麦麸和80%玉米秸秆、40%麦麸和60%玉米秸秆、60%麦麸和40%玉米秸秆、全玉米秸秆。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅳ组的体重、体长和粗蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组黄粉幼虫体重、体长和粗蛋白质含量差异不显著(P>0.05),且试验Ⅱ组的经济效益每千克提高了15.15%。因此,试验Ⅱ组麦麸和玉米秸秆的比例最适合养殖黄粉幼虫。     

养蝎饲料——黄粉虫

黄粉虫性杂食,是蝎子理想的肉食性饲料。黄粉虫蛋白质含量很高,干体达66%,在目前应用较广,是一种比较容易饲养管理的虫子,一年四季均可繁殖,并耐饥、耐渴,零上1～6度进入冬眠,其生长发育的最适温度为25～28℃,湿度要求60～70%,60多天可完成一个世代,一世代中经过卵、幼虫、成虫、蛹、蛾五个阶段。成虫的生长期与生活条件和饲养管理有关,幼虫在生活条件好的条件下,可以缩短生长期,体健肥大,蛾子产卵量也高;条件较差时,幼虫生长迟缓或衰退,这样能影响下一代的繁殖。黄粉虫由卵到幼虫只需5～7天,由幼虫变成蛹需40天左右,蜕皮15次,由蛹变成蛾     

崇仁麻鸡种鸡日粮中添加黄粉虫的效果观察

黄粉虫是人工养殖最理想的动物性蛋白质饲料之一。黄粉虫的幼虫含蛋白质51％，蛹含蛋白质57％。成虫含蛋白质60％，还富含多种糖类、氨基酸、维生素、激素、活性酶及微量元素。在崇仁麻鸡种鸡日粮中添加新鲜黄粉虫能明显提高种鸡生产性能、种蛋受精率和孵化率。现将试验情况报告如下：     

黄粉虫规模化生产关键技术

(一)黄粉虫的饲料黄粉虫食性杂,大多以麦麸、米糠或玉米作为饲料,但为了提高产量与质量,降低饲养成本,一方面可利用农业有机废弃物资源(农作物秸杆草粉)降低养殖成本;另一方面     

黄粉虫的饲养方法

黄粉虫又叫面包虫,拟步行虫科,属鞘翅目。黄粉虫具有抗病力强,耐粗饲,生长发育快,繁殖力强等优点,体内含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪和糖类。而且易饲养,用低廉的麦麸、蔬菜叶、瓜果皮就可饲养。 一、黄粉虫的生活史 黄粉虫的生活史分为四个阶段:卵、幼虫、蛹、蛾。 1.卵:乳白色、椭圆形、有米粒大小,卵的外面是卵壳起保护作用,里面是卵黄,黄粉虫的卵在25℃～30℃     

硒对黄粉虫谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响

为探讨亚硒酸钠对黄粉虫幼虫血淋巴谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）活性的影响,将黄粉虫的中龄幼虫随机分成6组,饲喂含不同浓度的亚硒酸钠饲料。采用DTNB比色法测定GSH—PX活性。结果显示,饲喂含亚硒酸钠的饲料后黄粉虫幼虫血淋巴GSH—PX活力都明显上升：饲喂同一浓度的亚硒酸钠,幼虫血淋巴GSH—PX活力均比对照组高,只有加硒浓度为20mg／kg．80mg／kg在第16d时,黄粉虫血淋巴GSH—PX活力随着饲喂时间的延长而显著上升;饲喂不同浓度的亚硒酸钠,在硒浓度为5mg／kg、10mg／kg时,黄粉虫血淋巴GSH-PX活力随亚硒酸钠浓度的增加显著上升,在硒浓度为20mg／kg时开始下降。     

黄粉虫饲喂及用途10问

<正>1.一般所说的黄粉虫是指成虫还是幼虫?答:人们常说的黄粉虫是指处于幼虫状态的黄粉虫,这是因为幼虫营养比成虫丰富,用途广泛,是主要的商品虫。成虫主要用于产卵繁殖,一般不做商品虫出售。2.黄粉虫适宜的湿度是多少?答:黄粉虫最适的饲养环境湿度55%～75%,饲料含水量10%～15%,为适宜的湿度。     

苜蓿、白三叶对黄粉虫生长性能及体成分的影响

选用5~6龄黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)幼虫,采用单因素随机设计,2个试验组[白三叶(Trifolium repens)组,饲喂白三叶干草;苜蓿(Medicago sativa)组,饲喂苜蓿干草],1个对照组[小麦(Triticum aestivum)麸组,饲喂小麦麸],研究白三叶干草、苜蓿干草饲粮对黄粉虫幼虫生长性能及体成分的影响。结果表明,白三叶组采食量正常,苜蓿组采食量极低,约为小麦麸组的1/4;3个参试组间虫体增质量、氮沉积量、脂肪沉积量差异均达显著水平(P0.01),顺序为苜蓿组白三叶组对照组;试验结束时3个参试组间虫体粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量差异均达显著水平,分别表现为苜蓿组白三叶组对照组、苜蓿组白三叶组对照组,总能值差异不显著(P0.05);2个试验组间死亡率及化蛹率无显著差异,均显著低于对照组(P0.01)。     

不同饵料对大鲵稚体生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响

为确定大鲵稚体的最佳饵料,本试验研究了不同饵料对大鲵稚体生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响。试验选取平均体重为(1.08±0.01)g的大鲵稚体300尾,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾。5组大鲵稚体投喂5种不同的饵料,分别为鱼块、黄粉虫、水蚯蚓、卤虫和米虾,养殖时间为60 d。结果显示:不同饵料对大鲵稚体的存活率以及全鱼水分、粗灰分含量均无显著影响(P0.05);米虾组的末均重、增重率和特定生长率均为各组最高,显著高于水蚯蚓组和卤虫组(P0.05);黄粉虫组和水蚯蚓组的肥满度显著高于卤虫组(P0.05)。干物质效率表现为鱼块组和水蚯蚓组显著高于其他各组(P0.05),米虾组显著高于卤虫组和黄粉虫组(P0.05),卤虫组显著高于黄粉虫组(P0.05);各组间大鲵稚体蛋白质效率差异显著(P0.05),表现为水蚯蚓组米虾组鱼块组卤虫组黄粉虫组;鱼块组脂肪效率显著高于其他组(P0.05),卤虫组和米虾组显著高于水蚯蚓组和黄粉虫组(P0.05),水蚯蚓组显著高于黄粉虫组(P0.05)。米虾组全鱼粗蛋白质含量为各组最高,显著高于黄粉虫组和卤虫组(P0.05);而全鱼粗脂肪含量最高的是黄粉虫组,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。各组大鲵稚体全鱼17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量差异不显著(P0.05),但水蚯蚓组、卤虫组和米虾组的必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值显著高于鱼块组和黄粉虫组(P0.05)。鱼块组和米虾组大鲵稚体胃肠道蛋白酶活性显著高于黄粉虫组和卤虫组(P0.05);黄粉虫组胃肠道脂肪酶活性显著高于其他各组(P0.05);胃肠道淀粉酶活性仅卤虫组显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。综上所述,米虾是大鲵稚体的最佳饵料,鱼块次之,水蚯蚓和黄粉虫最后选用。     

Increasing the calcium content of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) to improve their nutritional value for bone mineralization of growing chicks.

The purpose of these studies was to determine the husbandry variables that optimize the Ca content of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and to determine the bioavailability of this Ca for bone mineralization in chicks that consume the mealworms. To determine the optimal level of Ca in the substrates used in short-term (< 14 days) holding of mealworms and to determine the length of time that mealworms should be exposed to high-Ca substrates, mealworms were placed in either a wheat bran or a chicken starter substrate supplemented with 0, 4, 8, or 12% Ca from CaCO3. The mealworms were harvested after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, or 14 days. The Ca content of the mealworms was greatest with the use of chicken starter and increased linearly with the Ca content of the substrate. In general, the Ca content of the mealworms increased during the first 24 hr and decreased after > or = 1 wk, especially at the higher levels of Ca supplementation. The chicken starter also resulted in higher levels of vitamin D in mealworms. Mealworms held in wheat bran with 8% Ca were fed to growing chicks. Ca bioavailability was calculated from the chicks' bone ash. The Ca in these mealworms was 76% as bioavailable as the Ca in oyster shell.     

Beetles as possible vectors of infections caused by Mycobacterium avium species

Mycobacteria were not isolated from any of 229 beetle imagoes of 29 species originating from 14 distinct localities in the Czech and Slovak Republics: 186 imagoes (34 samples) and 43 imagoes (12 samples) from the wild and herds with paratuberculosis infected ruminants, respectively. From 75 environmental samples taken from barns with infected ruminants, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was isolated from five scrapings of the floors in barns and a feed processing room. From bran and peat taken from pig farms, M. a. hominissuis was diagnosed in 13% of 72 samples and in 69% of 70 samples, respectively. M. a. avium was isolated from 2 (2.9%) and atypical mycobacteria from 12 (17.1%) peat samples. In the respective experiments, larvae of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus and Zophobas atratus Fabricius were infected in vitro with isolates of M. a. paratuberculosis of IS900 RFLP type B-C1 and M. a. avium of IS901 RFLP type F-C3. T. molitor larvae were also infected with M. a. hominissuis by naturally contaminated bran and peat. M. a. paratuberculosis and M. a. avium were diagnosed in larvae of both species on days 1 to 3 post infection (p.i.). M. a. hominissuis was isolated from T. molitor larvae fed by bran on days 4 to 9 p.i. and from imagoes on day 35 p.i. and from larvae fed by peat on days 4 to 14 p.i. RFLP types of all the isolates identified before infection and after isolation from larvae were identical. Thus, beetles could mechanically transmit mycobacteria, this hazard should be considered for both the implementation of control measures and feeding captive animals with larvae.     

黄粉虫在动物生产中的应用研究进展

黄粉虫是一种蛋白质含量高,氨基酸组成较均衡,富含多种维生素、微量元素和常量元素,且具有生存能力强、生长发育快、养殖成本低等特点,是一种颇具潜力的优质蛋白质饲料资源。研究表明,动物饲粮中添加黄粉虫及其制品能够部分替代常规蛋白质饲料、提高饲料消化率、改善动物生长或生产性能、提升产品品质、增强机体抗氧化和免疫性能。文章综述了黄粉虫的生物学特性、营养价值及其在动物生产中的最新研究成果,旨在为其更好的应用于养殖业及学者们的进一步研究提供参考。     

牛膝类药材的化学成分与药理作用的研究进展

牛膝类（Achyranthes bidentataB1．）药材是我国传统的大宗药材之一,《中国药典》2005年版一部中将牛膝类药材分为牛膝和川牛膝2种收录。近年来国内外对牛膝类药材开展了多方面的深入研究。现就其主要药用成分皂苷类、甾酮类、多糖类和其药材的药理作用等的研究进行综述,以期为今后的研究提供参考。