中国粮食和水资源安全协同战略

我国粮食总产"九连增", 但粮食进口量也在增加, 北粮南运规模也在增大, 中国粮食安全处于紧平衡状态。本文针对我国大豆进口和高油高蛋白质食品过量消费的问题, 提出了中国粮食产业和消费结构协同战略。针对我国粮食生产能力和粮食供给量的发展趋势, 提出在重视中国农业走出去, 在国外建立粮食生产和供给基地的同时, 更要立足和加快国内后备耕地的开发, 挖掘我国粮食生产潜力。针对中国水资源南北分布不平衡和近年来干旱洪涝灾害频发, 提出中国粮食安全要建立在水资源安全的基础上。针对我国粮食主产区即长江中下游平原、华北平原、东北平原和西北地区4大粮仓的存在问题和发展潜力, 提出了相应的水资源安全和粮食安全的协同战略。强调水资源安全是粮食安全的基础, 在耕地面积日趋减少, 靠增加单位面积产量保障中国粮食总产的情况下, 只有进一步加强中国水利建设和提高水资源利用效率, 加快南水北调工程, 才能实现与北粮南运的协同, 特别是加快西线调水工程, 开发西部粮仓, 中国粮食新增潜力还可能有很大的提高。     

白洋淀水环境污染防治对策

研究表明目前我国白洋淀水资源蓄水量不足20世纪60年代的1/10,且水质不断恶化,Ⅳ类水面占29.7%,Ⅴ类水面占51.4%,超Ⅴ类水面占18.9%。白洋淀水环境污染物以有机污染物为主,CODMn和总N、总P严重超标,BOD5亦受到不同程度污染,总体达轻度富营养化程度,并提出防治对策。     

我国西部地区水资源环境问题及其可持续对策

提出了水资源环境的概念,并尝试利用水资源环境的观点透视我国西部地区水资源问题的严峻性。结合西部地区水资源环境的实际民政部及如何实现其可持续发展,提出了保护水资源可持续空间,对受损水资源环境进行生态恢复与治理,发展农业节水灌溉等技术措施和实行生态环境可持续优先原则及建立生态补偿机制等政策性对策,以实现西部开发的可持续性。     

中国水资源可持续开发利用模型及对策

以可持续发展的观战为指导思想,在深入剖析中国水资源开发利用的现状和存在问题的基础上,指出中国水资源的供需矛盾不断加剧,水危机日渐突出,实施可持续开发利用战略势在必行,并且根据可持续发展的代际公平和机会均等原则,建立了水资源可持续开发利用模型－－水资源财富代际转移模型,最后提出了实现水资源可持续开发利用的对策。     

数字流域水资源环境监测评价指标体系及指标库研究

基于3S技术的数字流域水资源环境监测评价可以获取传统监测手段所无法取得的更多信息，已成为目前国内外水资源环境监测评价的重要技术手段。提出了基于3S技术与传统监测手段综合集成的数字流域水资源环境监测评价信息处理基本模式，对数字流域水资源环境监测评价指标体系建立的理论基础、基本原则进行了探讨，以西北干旱区内陆河流域石羊河为例，建立了石羊河流域水资源环境监测评价指标体系。提出指标库管理的思想，并用VC＋＋6．0为开发工具，初步实现了石羊河流域水资源环境监测评价指标库系统。     

农业环境污染调查及综合治理研究

改革开放以来 ,随着我国工业、特别是乡镇企业的迅猛发展 ,带来的工业“三废”排放量越来越大 ,加上农业生产中农药、化肥、农膜及植物生长调节剂使用量的日益增加 ,致使农业生态环境受污染的情况日益加重。由于农业生态环境是农业生产的物质基础 ,它一旦遭受污染 ,农业生态将失去平衡 ,资源就要受到破坏 ,甚至危害人畜及多种生物的健康和生长与生存 ,因此 ,在经济快速发展的情况下 ,如何保护好人类赖以生存的生态环境 ,为经济的稳定持续发展创造良好的条件 ,已成为摆在我们面前的一个重要课题。为了摸清我区农业环境保护现状 ,查清农业环境…     

1980-2015年中国农田生态系统的N素平衡

Surface nitrogen （N） balances for China＇s crop production systems was estimated using statistical data collected from 1980 to 2004 at the national and provincial scale and from 1994 to 1999 at the county level. There was a surplus N balance throughout these periods, but the surplus was nearly stable in recent years. Projections using nonseasonal Box-Jenkins model or exponential models show that the N surplus for the total cultivated land in China was likely to increase from 142.8 kg ha^-1 in 2004 to 168.6 kg ha 1 in 2015. The N balance surplus in the more developed southeastern provinces was the largest, and was slightly less in the central region, which caused the nitrate pollution in the ground water. The N surplus was much less in the western and northern provinces because of lower synthetic fertilizer inputs. The region with high N risk includes Beijing Municipality and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, and Shandong provinces for 2002-2004. The projections suggested that 15 provinces （or municipalities） in the middle and southeastern part of China except Jiangxi and Shanxi provinces would become the high-risk region by 2015. The level of economic development, transportation, and labor force condition had an important effect on the N balance surplus at the county level, but the last two factors showed remarkable impact at the provincial level. To decrease the nonpoint pollution （Npp） risk from crop production, the authors suggested to reduce the target level for national grain self-sufficiency to 90%-95% and change the regional structure of grain production by moving some of the future grain production from the high Npp risk areas of eastern China to parts of the central and western provinces where the Npp risk was much less.     

高速发展的东南沿海地区资源与环境质量变化与可持续发展调整战略

Problems in water-land resources and environmental quality increase with the fast economic development in the coastal region of southeastern China,This region has the highest density in population,industry and towns in China,and the large export-oriented economy makes itself a strategic importance while China enters into international markets.The problems facing to this region include arable land reduction,land degradation aggravation,high percentage of built-up land with high rate of expansion,expanded non-point pollution,deteriorated water quality,decreasing biodiversity,destroyed ecosystems,sever air pollution,frequently occurred acid rain,and multi-pollutants.The important reaarch fields in the near future should include a )influence of high-intensity exploitaion of resources on changes of environment quality and its feedback;b) influence processes ,key mechanisms and adjustment principles for degradation of water,land-,and air-resources and environmental quality;c)evolvement processes and nurturing theory of bioiversity and ecological resourcs;and d) spatio-temporal variaiton and human-induced effects on regional resources and environment quality .Strategies for sustainable development in the region are as follows:a) controlling to ensure basic cultivated land area;b) enforcing remediation of polluted water environment,and controlling non-point pollution;c) strengthening ecological construciton and ecological security;and d) controlling multi-pollution and preventing trace toxic pollutants.     

我国水资源的严峻性及其治理对策

1水资源的严峻形势 1.1世界性的水资源紧缺 "水荒"现已发展成全球性资源危机,这里既有自然因素,也有人为原因.据联合国统计,未来25年内将有超过1/5的国家面临严重缺水问题,不仅给人们生活带来困难,也将严重制约经济的可持续发展,已引起各国广泛关注.     

全国节水农业理论与学术研讨会纪要

2004年4月24日，“全国节水农业理论与学术研讨会”在我国海滨文化历史名城青岛市召开。会议是在国家科技部、农业部、山东省、青岛市有关领导的关照和支持下，由中国植物营养与肥料学会、中国农学会耕作制度分会、中国农业科学院节水农业综合研究中心、中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所、莱阳农学院联合举办。来自全国的专家学者及企业代表120余人参加了会议。     

基于土壤剖面测定数据计算中国土壤有机碳贮量

Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage under different types of vegetations in China were estimated using measured data of 2 440 soil profiles to compare SOC density distribution between different estimates, to map the soil organic carbon stocks under different types of vegetation in China, and to analyze the relationships between soil organic carbon stocks and environmental variables using stepwise regression analyses. Soil organic carbon storage in China was estimated at 69.38 Gt (1015 g). There was a big difference in SOC densities for various vegetation types, with SOC distribution closely related to climatic patterns in general. Stepwise regression analyses of SOC against environmental variables showed that SOC generally increased with increasing precipitation and elevation, while it decreased with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the important factor controlling SOC accumulation for forests was elevation, while for temperate steppes mean annual temperature dominated. The more specific the vegetation type used in the regression analysis, the greater was the effect of environmental variables on SOC. However, compared to native vegetation, cultivation activities in the croplands reduced the influence of environmental variables on SOC.     

我国黄土地区水窖的研究

水资源的缺乏使雨水集流工程的进行势在必行，水窖具有体积小、用材少，费用低、易保持水质等优点，因此在半干旱黄土地区应用非常广泛。本文对水窖的类型、结构、施工、现阶段存在的问题进行了深入系统的概述，并提出相关建议及对水窖的前景做出预测，目的是为今后的水窖研究工作提出了一定的研究方向。     

浅议流域水系水资源数字管理应用模型建立方法

对流域水系水资源的科学利用和可持续利用,不仅是人类经济社会发展的要求,也是地球生命的总要求.如何实现流域水系的科学管理,合理使用,实现水系物流的良性循环、人类经济社会的可持续发展,是新世纪人类文明发展的重要标志和必然要求.随着现代科技的进步,流域水系水资源管理也进入了一个现代数字化的科学管理阶段.流域水系数字化管理就是为了建立地球的良性生态水环境的必然要求和重要举措.     

Water Security Problem in North China： Research and Perspective

This paper addresses the emergence of water security problems in North China with the aim of highlighting key water resources management and water security issues for the long-term development of North China. Three key problems related to water resources and security issues in North China in the 21st century are addressed, namely 1） the water cycle under environmental change, 2） agricultural water saving, and 3） water security. Development of international research related to these issues is also reviewed. The research plan developed recently by the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） is discussed and suggestions on research and development of water resources science in North China are presented. Thanks to focus on experimental catchments and dedicated research stations, a detailed knowledge of the water cycle on North China farmland has been compiled. A range of techniques that include isotope tracers has been used to acquire hydrologic data. Much research has been devoted to developing distributed hydrological models at different scales. In the well irrigation district, five different water saving irrigation regimes have been investigated, and these regimes have had widespread application, and reduced water use 60-150 mm while they increased water use efficiency （WUE） by 20%-30%. Furthermore, preventing water pollution is the most essential step to ensure North China＇s water security.     

我国数字水土保持建设基本思路

在分析我国水土保持信息化建设现状的基础上,提出我国数字水土保持建设的目标、任务、内容和布局等。我国数字水土保持建设目标是建立健全水土流失治理措施的监测体系,建成良好的信息管理、传输与发布的技术平台,形成良好的信息服务体系,全面提高水土保持决策能力。主要内容包括技术标准、信息基础设施、水土保持数据库、业务应用服务和信息共享平台、应用信息系统和环境建设6个方面。