Study on Influence of the Requirement on the Capital Adequacy to Bank''s Yields

In this paper, the model of the maximum utility of profit margin of commercial banks under the credit risk and the interest risk is reformulated with full consideration of the profile of the losses of bad debts for the commercial banks. The influence of the requirement in the capital adequacy by the central bank to the commercial banks on bank's yields is studied.Analysis shows that considering the risk loss and risk cost of the commercial bank,enhancing the capital adequacy to commercial bank will increase margin profit of commercial bank with decreasing absolute risk avoidance under the Ross concep.     

浅谈“三农”问题的成因及对策

“三农”问题的关键是要回答“钱从哪里来，人往哪里去”的问题。其成因是由中国长期以来“城乡分治，一国两策”体制和制度造成的。建立“三农”宏观经济发展战略、改革家庭承包责任制、户籍制度、农村金融财税制度、县乡政府机构等体制和制度，走市场化、产业化、城镇化道路是解决该问题的主要措施。     

Change of the Interest Rate of Loan When CommercialBanks Become More Risk Averse

Through the equation of balance sheet between assessment and debt, this paper reformulates the function with two stochastic process of credit risk and interest rate risk under the full consideration of the profile of the losses of bad debts of the commercial banks, deduces the function of loan rate under the maximum utility of profit margin of commercial banks. The Beyer's estimation is used to analyse the changes of the loan rate when the extent of the risk averse of commercial banks. The risk averse extent is raised from the Arrow-Pratt risk averse to Ross risk averse. It is pointed out that the more risk averse of a commercial bank, the even higher the interest rate the bank charges to its borrower.     

Game Analysis of Housing Consumer and Commercial

According to our country's conditions, consumer selects prepaying loan,paying loan on time or branking contract,and commercial bank selects lawsuiting or not. Through the game analysis of two sides,it discusses relations between the loan of bank and the development of credit system,and give us some suggestions in order to the development of MBS in our country.     

The expansion of Chinese banks along the routes of the Belt and Road Initiative: Following customers and geopolitical relations

Existing studies on the global expansion of banks have been mostly based on the experience of the banks from more developed economies, while little is known about the geographies of internationalization of banks from less developed countries. The expansion of Chinese banks, with state-owned commercial banks in the lead, has been accelerating since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was proposed in 2013. This study contributes to existing research by providing new evidence and explanations based on the case of expansion of Chinese banks along the BRI routes. Chinese banks started to expand from Hong Kong and Macao, then expanded to Southeast Asia and the Arabian Peninsula, and finally reached Central Asia and other regions. The branches of Chinese banks are mainly clustered in Southeast Asian countries rather than other regions. Similar to their Western counterparts, Chinese bank branches are inclined to agglomerate in international or regional financial hubs. The regression analysis shows that two factors are crucial in explaining the spatial distribution of Chinese banks along the routes of the BRI. First, Chinese banks are likely to follow their customers, namely, state-owned firms from the non-financial sectors making direct investments in overseas regions. Second, Chinese banks are more inclined to open branches in countries that have good geopolitical relations with China reflecting the challenging international environment for Chinese banks to seek global expansion.     

A Game Analysis of Credit System and Mortgage Backed Securitization

This essay illustrates the importance of credit to the supply of asset pool and the operation of MBS from the accept and the basic operation process of MBS. According to our country's conditions, this essay states from two sides. Through the game of housing consumer and commercial, for one thing, housing consumer desides applying for loan or not,and commercial bank desides granting loan or not; for another ,housing consumer selects prepaying loan,paying loan on time or branking contract,and commercial bank selects lawsuiting or not. Through the game analysis of two sides , it discusses relations between the loan of bank and the development of credit system,and give us some suggestions in order to the development of MBS.     

安徽农村粮食银行运营现状、存在的问题及发展对策

农村粮食银行近年来在粮食主产区发展明显加快,并且在减少农户储粮损耗、解决农户储粮难题、美化农村居民居住环境、提高农村居民生活质量等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。调查发现,安徽农村粮食银行普遍存在规模较小、信用较低、农户储粮风险较大等问题。当前,解决上述问题的关键在于构建统一的粮食银行组织领导与监管体系,规范粮食银行运营;建立农村粮食银行准入制度;实行存粮准备粮管理制度;加强风险管理,设立风险准备基金,加强农户参与粮食银行的愿意。     

地方农作物种质资源库建设的建议与思考

通过对国内外农作物种质资源库建设概况的梳理总结,从种质库的规划设计、施工建设、运行管理3个方面,提出明确规划定位、加强顶层设计,施工建设严把质量关、安全关,运行管理标准化、实现可持续发展,以及给予长期稳定资金投入、构建全国种质资源库协作网的建议和思考。     

Research on Market Targeting Model of Selecting Manager and Cooperation Mechanism in Commercial Bank Based on Stock Option

Selecting manager by market and improving team cooperation efficiency are two basal tasks to construct an effective human resource management system of commercial bank in China,but there are the limitations the traditional methods in explaining the players' cooperation.The paper constructs a market targeting model of selecting manager of commercial bank and a game model of team cooperation based on stock option,and then the talent identification mode and team cooperation mechanism in commercial bank are established.It is concluded that talented managers is selected but talent-less is refused owing to stock option incentive mechanism,and employee and managers holding stock plan is an incentive force to whole team if residual remains of shareholder is less than half team residual remains.     

傅家边农业科技园区建设对周边农村经济的影响

农业科技园区是适应新阶段农业发展需求，以现代农业科技的组装、继承与示范、推广为手段，通过土地、资本、技术、人才的高度集中与高效管理的新型组织形式。我国农业科技园区从1994年开始建设以来，已经走过了12个年头。经过十多年的发展，初步形成了形式多样、层次分明、功能完善的农业科技园区体系。农业科技园区的建设对农村经济发展到底有多少影响？在此，通过傅家边农业科技园区建设及其对周边农村经济的影响，来探讨我国农业科技园区建设的作用和存在问题，供相关部门决策参考。     

农业在国民经济全局中的地位

“农业是国民经济的基础”为我国发展国民经济的长期战略方针.保证农业稳步发展是我们的基本国策.我国农业在国民经济中的份额一直保持了很大的比重,而且明显高于许多发展中国家;但随着经济发展,此份额不断下降,这是世界各国经济发展共同的趋势,也是当代农业现代化的主要标志之一.当前,我国正处于经济结构变革的重要阶段,农业份额开始有更大幅度的下降,但是并不因此削弱其基础作用.农业作为国民经济基础,它的效益多为社会效益,同时又易受自然条件的制约,因此需要国家和社会各部门更大的支持和保护.     

家庭经济禀赋、政策认知与农户宅基地流转意愿——基于江西省456份问卷调查

构建科学有效的宅基地流转机制是一个迫切需要解决的基础性课题。笔者利用江西省456户农户的实际调查数据,运用Logit回归模型研究家庭经济禀赋、政策认知对农户宅基地流转意愿的影响。研究结果表明：家庭经济禀赋中非农收入比重、家庭存款、家庭人均年收入对农户宅基地流转意愿具有显著正向影响;政策认知中“一户一宅”认知、流转规定认知程度对农户宅基地流转意愿具有显著负向影响。为此,应进一步提高农户非农就业机会,改善农民务工经商的就业环境、应加快制定“一户一宅”的配套制度,构建更加合理和更具有操作性的宅基地流转政策体系。     

天然沙冬青土壤种子库特征研究

通过野外样方调查、种子鉴定及种子发芽等相结合的方式,对天然沙冬青种群种子库进行研究,以期揭示天然沙冬青土壤种子库特征及与种群更新之间的关系。研究结果显示,天然沙冬青种群土壤种子库比较丰富,平均密度为11粒/m2;种子主要存在于土壤表层,在有结皮存在的情况下,种子才有可能存在于0~2 cm土层中,以下土层没有种子;沙冬青种子发芽率与土壤种子库呈负相关,种子库丰富的地方,种子的发芽率较低,这一对矛盾造成幼苗数量的稀少,进而影响天然沙冬青种群的自然更新。     

锰矿废弃地几种不同恢复模式土壤种子库与地上植被的关系

土壤种子库技术是矿区废弃地植被恢复的重要方法,弄清不同恢复模式下种子库与地上植被之间的关系是有效利用该技术的前提。以云南建水锰尾矿恢复的醉鱼草(Buddleja officinalis)灌丛、香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)草丛、肿柄菊(Tithonia diversifolia)群落为对象,以人工林蓝桉(Eucalyptus globulus)林为对照,通过野外调查与室内萌发实验相结合的方法研究了各群落地上植被与土壤种子库的关系。结果显示:1)尾矿起源各群落地上植被(0.50、0.06、2.18、vs. 2.12)与土壤种子库物种多样性(1.32、1.42、1.78 vs. 2.65)均低于对照群落;2)地上植被物种多样性与土壤种子库物种多样性成正相关(R^2=0.187,p=0.005);3)对照群落土壤种子库与地上植被物种相似性较高,尾矿恢复各群落较低,且不同恢复模式间相似性差异较大;4)香薷(Elsholtzia ciliata)与醉鱼草为4个群落土壤种子库共有的优势种,各群落地上植被与土壤种子库优势种不完全同步。研究结果表明恢复措施对土壤种子库物种多样性有重要影响。     

Bank Restructuring and Access to Financial Services: The Spanish Case

The Spanish bank sector has restructured extensively since the crisis erupted in 2008 in an attempt to correct the imbalances accumulated during the preceding boom years. Thanks to this restructuring effort, Spain's branch network has been pared back by 32 percent, prompting questions about potential ramifications for the population's access to financial services. Against this backdrop, this paper quantifies, at the municipal level, the segment of the population without access to a bank branch in their home town between 2008 and 2015, paving the way for analysis of the impact of the restructuring effort. It also analyses the role played by the three kinds of deposit institutions in Spain in providing access to financial services via their branch networks. The results show that although the percentage of the Spanish population without access to a branch in their home town has risen, the increase has been small, albeit marked by significant differences from one province to the next. The savings banks (including the former cajas that have converted to banks) are still the most important financial institutions in terms of facilitating branch access to financial services.     

简论农业发展银行的政策性与金融性

在简要论述农业发展银行政策性和金融性相互关系的基础上,分析了在经营过程中片面强调一个方面而忽略另一面的不良后果,并提出了实现农发行政策性与金融性有机统一的若干基本建议。     

The Regional Impact of Monetary Policy in Indonesia

This paper employs vector autoregressive (VAR) models to measure the impact of monetary policy shocks on regional output in Indonesia. We find substantial cross‐regional variation in policy responses in terms of both magnitude as well as timing. Our work adds to the existing literature by providing insights from a large developing country, viz. Indonesia, where monetary policy has both a national and a regional dimension. The results support previous findings that the differential regional effects of monetary policy are significantly related to sectoral composition (especially the share of manufacturing), providing evidence for the relevance of the interest rate channel of monetary policy. We also find that firm size contributes to these differences, providing evidence for the importance of the credit channel. As a whole, both types of channels appear to operate simultaneously in the decentralized Indonesian monetary policy and to impact on the real part of the regional economy.     

论农业发展银行的政策性与金融性

在简要论述农业发展银行政策性和金融性相互关系的基础上,分析了在经营过程中片面强调一个方面而忽略另一面的不良后果,并提出了实现农发行政策性与金融性有机统一的若干基本建议。     

Bank Branch Geographic Location Patterns in Spain: Some Implications for Financial Exclusion

Over the last 20 years, the Spanish banking industry has undergone a profound reshaping in several respects. One of the factors that has allowed this has been the geographic expansion of most savings banks into other regions outside their regions of origin that has been taking place at a significant pace since 1989. Almost simultaneously, the Spanish economy has grown at remarkable annual rates, a growth pattern that came to an abrupt halt in 2008. Under these circumstances, this paper analyzes the geographic expansion patterns of Spanish financial institutions during the postderegulation period. This goal extends previous analyses in two main ways: by considering a broader set of variables affecting bank branch location and by using a quantile regression in order to obtain results that go beyond conditional mean models. Results indicate that 1) location and geographic diversification patterns vary mostly across firms and by type of firm; 2) the evaluation of growth and financial development at municipal level indicates that some communities have experienced financial exclusion; and 3) it is difficult to establish a linear relationship to explain bank branch geographic diversification strategies.     

Asset- backed Securization--a New Way to the Solution of Finance Problem in Real Estate

In recent 30 years, the asset-backed securization is one of the most important innovations in the international finance field. It promotes the quick development of the capital market. At present, on the one hand most of the Chinese real estate development companies are lack of financial support, on the other hand, the inland commercial banks are facing great potential finance risk. In this paper, how to get rid of the current contrary situation by the financing mode of asset-backed securization is discussed.