Development of Investigation on the V-notched Rock Blasting

A brief review on the origin of V-notched blasting and its application in engineering is given. A study on the fracturing mechanism and stress intensity factor at the tip of V-notch and parameter of the V-notched rock blasting is introduced based on reference given in this paper. It represents an idea of spiral V-notched blasting at last.     

Parameters of Spiral V-notch Loosen Blasting

Based on the mechanism of spiral V notch loosen blasting,uncoupled explosive loading is adopted to prevent the explosion waves from breaking the wall of the blasting hole. Relative parameters of spiral V notch are analyzed and their calculating formulae are achieved. The expressions of the width of the blasted crack,the length of the developed crack and of the sizes of the blasted lumps are obtained. The relationship between the blastyed effect, the spiral angle, and the notching angle is studied, which provides a theoretical base for developing a blasting strategy with desirable lump sizes.     

Analysis of Stress Intensity Factors of Cracking Tip in Asphalt Overlay

Stress intensity factor at crack tip is the basis of studying the law of crack propagating, which indicates the critical degree of tending to crack at crack tip according to numerical style. The finite element method is used to analyze the crack stress intensity factors of overlay, the influence of parameters like overlay thickness, modulus, preliminary cracking length, temperature variation, and axes loading on crack intensity factors are studied, it offers theoretical basis for anti - cracking design methods of asphalt overlays.     

3D BE Analysis on Stress Intensity Factor of a Fatigue Crack in a Welded T-joint

In this paper, based on multi region boundary element method (BEM), a general procedure to calculate stress intensity factors(SIF) of a 3D mixed mode fatigue surface crack is detailed. A BEM model for a welded T joint is constructed referring to the test specimen. The crack corner points are indirectly estimated to circumvent the treatment of the different crack tip singularity at the corner regions. Numerical results from the welded T joint show that this procedure is reliable.     

Numerical Simulation of Microcrack Toughening in Particulate Composite

The crack tip region in an elastic composite can be divided into three different zones. The constitutive equations corresponding to these zones and the extent of the saturated damage zones are derived. The damage isotropy in the largest saturated damage zone is expressed by utilizing the Monte Carlo technique to create uniform distribution microcracks. The interaction between the main crack and microcracks can be evaluated by an alternating iteration scheme. In the assumption of a dilute concentration of microcracks, the interaction among microcracks is neglected, and the stress intensity factor produced by interaction between the main crack and each microcrack can be superposed. Two sources of loading are analyzed: one is for the main crack microcrack interaction under an applied remote load, and the other is for the main crack microcrack interaction accompanied by the relief of residual stresses on the microcrack surfaces. The results show that two sources of loading can shield the main crack tip, and microcracks behind the main crack tip can create the most shielding whereas the micro cracks ahead of the main crack tip play no role in shielding.     

玉米裂纹及其检测

我国粮食部门经过较长时间才认识到玉米裂纹的重要性。玉米裂纹是指人眼能观察到的玉米表面和胚乳内部裂缝宽度为0.1 mm左右的缝隙。玉米籽粒内部生来就有许多微裂纹,构成胚乳内众多的微毛细管。借助电子显微镜可以观察到纳米级的微毛细管。目前检测玉米裂纹的仪器需进一步改进。     

Studies on the Relationship between TotalAcoustic Emission Count and Stress IntensityFactor for Rock Crack Yielded within Small Scope

Based on the crack tip microcrack density theory,a supposition that total AE count is directly proportional to the total microcrack length is proposed,a relationship between total AE count and stress intensity factor for stable crack growth is derived.With a series of experimental results,the relationship between theoretical derivation and the experimental results is compared,it shows that the theoretical derivation coincides better with the experimental results.     

Experimental Analysis on Crack Initiation Stress and Rupture Energy of Marble Failure

Based on the marble conventional triaxial test data, the crack initiation stress and rupture energy under different confining pressures are analyzed. Results showed that the crack initiation position is gradually close to the peak strength point with the increase of the confining pressure. The location of the crack initiation occurs in 50% ~70% peak strength. The rupture energy and confining pressure are in positive linear relationship as well as the rupture energy and peak axial stress. And sudden increase of AE energy count corresponds with the crack initiation stress. AE energy count and cumulative energy increase quickly after the crack initiation position, which increase significantly in the crack initiation point. The crack initiation point of theoretical calculation is in good agreement with acoustic emission monitoring. Mogi-Coulomb criterion is in keeping with experimental results.     

THE DIRECTING MECHANISM OF V-NOTCHF WITHJN V-NOTCHJNG BLASTING

Based on the blasting theory and "Fracture Mechanics " , the directing effect mechanism of V-netch in V-rotching blasting is studied and the positive splitting and directional explanding of crack within V-notching blasting and the priority of crack's expanding in the V-notch axle-plane etc are expounded. It's just these fracture characteristics mentioned above that ensure the fine control of the cracking plane.     

钢筋非均匀锈蚀引起混凝土保护层内裂分析

根据自然环境下保护层锈胀开裂前的钢筋锈蚀形态,将锈蚀层简化为半椭圆状的非均匀分布,从而建立了钢筋非均匀锈蚀理论模型。经过求解得到了混凝土中锈胀应力理论解,并与有限元计算结果对比,验证了理论解的精确性。根据理论解可知最大周向应力在水平轴上,因此锈蚀层的发展会首先引起保护层内部水平裂纹的产生。增加钢筋直径可有效减低锈胀应力,提高结构抗锈裂的能力。与均匀锈蚀理论模型对比结果表明：均匀锈蚀要远小于非均匀锈蚀条件下的临界锈蚀层厚度,均匀锈蚀的计算结果偏于保守。因此,对锈胀问题进行理论分析时,应采用更接近真实锈蚀形态的非均匀锈蚀模型。     

An Analysis of the Scaling Failure of the Nodular Iron Composite Polls

It is recognized that the scaling failure of nodular iron composite rolls in hot rolling is a problem of fatigue brittle fracture. The temperature field,stress,critical crack size as well as the interior quality of the rolls are presented. The theory of fracture mechanics is used to explain the cause of the scaling failure. At the same time, the way to extend the durability of the rolls is also studied.     

Joint Bearing Analysis for the Preloading Water-filled Spiral Case of Lager Hydropower Station

Spiral case is the core structure of powerhouse,therefore,it is critical to obtain its accurate stress and strain.Simplified algorithm is adopted to analyze the mechanical characteristics of preloading water-filled spiral case of a large hydropower project.The numerical results show that the adoption of preloading water-filled spiral case structure is feasible.The maximum stress of surrounding concrete mainly lies in the top of spiral case structure at various sections.The suitable internal pressure is 1.9MPa.The stress of surrounding concrete of spiral case is mainly caused by water pressure,and the effect of upper loading is limited,which is only about 5% to 24%.     

Nalytical study on crack magnetic flux leakage for ferromagnetic component and detection system based on geomagnetic field

Based on technical aspects of ferromagnetic components crack damage detection methods and instruments applications, this paper establishes a the magnetic flux leakage analysis model for V-Cracks to get the theoretical expressions for any probe point of flat ferromagnetic component surface. We use MATLAB software programming to do a comprehensive simulation, and obtain the relation curve between magnetic flux leakage normal component Hy and crack opening width, the relation curve between magnetic flux leakage normal component Hy and crack depth, the relation curve between magnetic flux leakage normal component Hy and crack length are obtained, crack magnetic flux leakage distribution characters: normal component of Hy with zero-crossing, maximum value of tangential component Hx, and tangential component Hz with tip zero-crossing. According to the leakage magnetic characteristics obtained underby the theoretical analysis, the array type detection device and test platform are designed and fabricated, and then the plate-type ferromagnetic component with V-Cracks is detected. The experimental results show that: there is a good agreement between the three-dimensional magnetic flux leakage obtained from thesis theoretical analysis and the test results, to a certain degree the magnetic flux leakage model has directive significance for the prediction and analysis of crack parameters, and the test device be developed according to the magnetic flux leakage model is able to detect cracks in ferromagnetic components.     

Asphalt pavement structure design of expressway on soft soil foundation

Non homogenous settlement will occur while the expressway is constructed on soft ground. The differential settlement can cause the bigger additional stress inside the asphalt pavement structure accelerating bituminous pavement destruction. Therefore,we must choose reasonable pavement structure when constructing road on soft base in order to reduce the influence on surface layer structure from the differential settlement. Based on ABAQUS finite element method and through analysis, this article draws the conclusion that establishing unbound graded aggregate sandwich structure under the asphalt pavement structure can effectively reduce the horizontal additional stress of the stress controled layer and better prevent crack reflection which is beneficial for constructing the asphalt pavement structure on the soft ground.     

Generalized Damage Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis on Rolled-Concrete Gravity Dam

Based on fuzzy self-adapting stochastic damage model, the characteristics of generalized damage stress field on material crack tip are studied. The results express that the numerical algorithm is reliable. Sensitivity of rolled-concrete gravity dam under fuzzy-stochastic damage gaining is implemented by considering the spatial variation of material parameters. It is found that the compression strength of rolled-concrete is the governing index on gravity dam reliability. The activation simulations on fuzzy self-adapting stochastic damage model were carried by adopting different fuzzy distributions, which indicated the governing characteristics of the distribution on generalized damage evolution of rock-like material.     

NaCl胁迫对扭果花旗杆幼苗生理特性和染色体行为的影响

扭果花旗杆(Dontostemon elegans Maxim.)是新疆达坂城荒漠植被组成的重要物种,具有耐旱抗风、耐贫瘠等特性,在维持荒漠生态系统稳定性中具有重要作用。为了探讨扭果花旗杆幼苗对盐胁迫的应答机制,本研究以30 d扭果花旗杆幼苗为研究材料,设置了四组不同浓度梯度的NaCl胁迫处理(0 mmol/L,50 mmol/L,100 mmol/L,150 mmol/L),分析了不同浓度NaCl对扭果花旗杆幼苗生理特性及根尖细胞染色体行为的影响。结果表明:(1)随NaCl胁迫浓度的增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均先升高后降低;且活性变化趋势一致,均在150 mmol/L达到最大值。(2)随NaCl胁迫浓度的增加,脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈现先上升后下降趋势。(3)低浓度的NaCl胁迫(50 mmol/L)胁迫促进扭果花旗杆种子根尖细胞的有丝分裂,较高浓度胁迫(NaCl>50 mmol/L)胁迫则表现出抑制种子根尖细胞的有丝分裂,且随盐浓度的增大,抑制作用更加明显;同时,研究发现种子根尖细胞染色体畸变率、微核率与NaCl浓度呈正相关。因此,扭果花旗杆通过提高抗氧化酶的活力及小分子物质的积累来抵御NaCl胁迫,另外低浓度NaCl胁迫对扭果花旗杆种子根尖细胞有丝分裂还有促进作用。本研究结果将为干旱区抗逆野生植物资源的筛选提供理论依据。     

AN INVESTIGATION FOR TESTING ROCK FRACTURE TOUGHNESS WTH THREE-POINT BEND ROUND BARS

Chevron-notched and straight-through-notched three-point bend round bars are used to test fracture toughness K of a Chongqing limestone. The results show that the former specimen has some advantages over the latter in the aspects of preventing overload,avoiding deviation of crack growth from notch plane and considering nonlinear correction in calculation,etc. However,the size effects of test values are to be solved.     

STUDY OF SPECIMEN SIZES OF FRACTURE EXPERIMENTS OF CONCRETE MATERIAL

The minimum sizes of specimens that can get effective K_(10) values by 3-point bending, 4-point bending and CT methods are derived on the basis of their notch sensitivity laws and size effect equation of concrete. The results show that the minimum heights of 3-point bending and 4-point bending specimens are very similar to those from Modeer's results, and the minimum height of CT specimen increases as the relative crack length increases.     

Experimental Analysis on Shear Strengthening Capacity of Secondary Dapped end Beams

Because section steel can only be extended to the edge of the support, when a simple support RC beam is reinforced by bonded section steel, a notch comes into being at the end of the beam which is called a secondary dapped end beam, making the stress state of the beam more complex. Through experimental analysis on 21 dapped end beam specimens shear reinforced by steel plate bonded, the deformation process, performing characteristics and failure mechanism of the specimens were investigated. The result shows that two steel bonded forms, including horizontal steel plate and oblique steel plate with angle 45° bonded, delay the appearance of cracks significantly and improve the maximum bearing capacity by 102% and 93%. Due to the impact of stress concentration at the notch, the main modes of damage include concrete tensile or shear failure with the result of bonding failure of a steel plate. By changing the width of steel plates and analyzing different reinforcement effects, formula of bearing capacity of shear reinforcement was proposed based on the method of truss analogue, which provides a reference for engineering application.     

Application of Extended Finite Element Method to Fracturing Analysis of Gravity Dam

The extended finite element method(XFEM) presented in recent years is a new and effective method for discontinuity analysis,especially fracture problem analyses.The basic XFEM principle is introduced and the technique for fracture analysis is presented.The fracturing process of a gravity dam is simulated by XFEM,and the rules of stresses and displacements distribution are analyzed.Compared with the classical finite element method,the crack growth in the gravity dam can be modeled by XFEM without making the crack surface associate with the finite element mesh and setting dense mesh near the crack tip as well as remeshing after crack growth.The cumbersome work and disadvantages in conducting fracturing analysis by the finite element method thus can be avoided.The predominance of this method for dam fracturing analysis is displayed.