和胃平喘对小鼠肠绒毛高度的影响

选择大小、体重相近的SD雌性小鼠(18～22g)40只,随机分为4组,1.5%和胃平喘组、2.5%和胃平喘组、3.5%和胃平喘组和基础料组,每组2个重复,每个重复5只,分别饲喂15d和30d后取肠道做成切片,测定小鼠肠道的肠绒毛高度。结果表明:15d试验中,1.5%和胃平喘组、2.5%和胃平喘组、3.5%和胃平喘组与对照组间的平均肠绒毛高度差异显著(P0.05)。30d试验中,2.5%和胃平喘组十二指肠平均肠绒毛(duodenum villus)高度为0.9835±0.1582mm,3.5%和胃平喘组十二指肠平均肠绒毛高度为0.8898±0.1635mm,2.5%和胃平喘组、3.5%和胃平喘组的十二指肠平均肠绒毛高度都与对照组的差异极显著(P0.01),1.5%和胃平喘组的十二指肠平均肠绒毛高度低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);2.5%和胃平喘组和3.5%和胃平喘组的空肠平均肠绒毛(jejunum villus)高度与对照组间的差异不显著(P0.05);1.5%和胃平喘组和2.5%和胃平喘组的回肠平均肠绒毛(ileum villus)高度与对照组间的差异不显著(P0.05)。在小鼠基础料中添加和胃平喘能不同程度提高小鼠肠绒毛高度,且以2.5%和3.5%两个添加量效果最好。     

洛克沙胂对生长猪生长性能的影响

洛克沙胂对生长猪生长性能的影响田河万熙卿李德发吴金龙顾赛红（沈阳农业大学畜牧兽医学院·沈阳东陵·１１０１６１）（农业部饲料工业中心砷是动物必需的微量元素,广泛分布于体组织和体液中。研究表明,缺砷可导致动物生长缓慢,繁殖性能下降。目前,国收稿日期：１９...     

饲喂颗粒料和粉料对育肥猪生长性能、胃形态和胴体品质的影响

试验选取2100头猪(PIC 327×1050;初始重为31.5±0.13 kg),用来评估饲喂颗粒料和粉料对育肥猪生长性能、胃形态和胴体品质的影响,试验期为118 d.试验分为6个处理组,猪只根据初始重随机分到6个处理组中(每个处理组有14个栏位,每个栏位25头猪).每个处理组中有7个阉公猪栏和7个母猪栏.所有处理组...     

BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在评估BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响。试验分两期进行,试验1选用初始体重为19.02±0.04kg的阉公猪72头,随机分为3组。以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,对照组添加60mg/kg盐霉素,试验组分别添加5%、10%的BGB饲料。试验期28d,计算日采食量(ADFI)、日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)。试验2选用初始体重为57.01±0.6kg的阉公猪54头,试验期35d,试验期日粮处理与饲养管理同试验1。试验1结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),但在饲喂后期,5%BGB添加组的ADG比对照组提高7.8%,饲料转化率改善10.8%。试验2结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),在饲喂后期,5%、10%BGB添加组的ADG分别比对照组改善了10.7%和4.0%。从全期结果来看,处理组的效果要优于对照组,5%BGB添加组效果最好。以上两个试验表明:添加BGB可以达到与添加抗生素相似的生产水平,对生长性能有一定的促进作用,最适添加量为5%。     

发酵饲料对猪生长性能的影响

本试验研究发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能的影响。试验选择80头体重相近、日龄相近的杜长大育肥猪随机分成2个处理组,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组饲喂含有10%的发酵饲料(替代10%的基础日粮)试验周期为126d,其中预试验10d,正式试验期116d。结果显示:在育肥期,发酵饲料组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),提高了7.59%;料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),降低了7.85%;对平均日采食量为产生显著影响(P>0.05)。在生长期和全期,发酵饲料未对平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比产生显著影响(P>0.05),但有提高平均日增重的趋势,降低料重比的趋势。     

凹凸棒石对猪生长性能的影响

试验仔猪36头,随机分成4组,每组9头,分别在其基础饲粮中添加3％,5％,7％和10％的凹凸石棒粉,试期90天。试验结果表明,凹凸棒石对猪的生长性能有明显的促进作用,尤以添加5％组增重提高13.1％,料肉比下降0.3为最佳。     

气温对猪生长肥育性能的影响

气温是影响猪生工肥育性能的因素之一。本文从猪生长肥育的适宜温度，高温和你温对猪生工以育怀能的影响作了简单的综述。并对一产实践中减轻或避免不利温度条件的影响进行了实步探讨。     

小肽添加剂对生长猪生长性能的影响

试验研究三种不同的小肽添加剂制品对生长猪生长性能的影响。试验选用72头初始体重在(34.64±8.32)kg的杜×长×大三元阉公猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头猪试验各组分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组),基础日粮加100mg/kg小肽A(小肽A组),基础日粮加100mg/kg小肽B(小肽B组),基础日粮加50mg/kg小肽C(小肽C组),试验期28d。测定其对生长猪的生长性能的影响,结果表明,与对照组相比,小肽A组、小肽B组和小肽C组的生长猪的平均采食量分别提高了9.8%、7.0%和12.5%(P0.05),平均日增重分别提高了15.8%、12.8%和21.7%(P0.05),料肉比分别降低了5.1%、6.3%和8.5%(P0.05)。     

SSTR和IGFBP对生长猪生产性能的影响

选用 9周龄 1 9kg左右约·杜·长·宁四元杂种猪 60头 ,随机分为 3组 ,试验组I、试验组II和对照组各 2 0头。试验组I在 1 0、 1 3和 1 5周龄颈部皮下注射生长激素抑制激素受体 (SSTR)疫苗 ;试验组II在 1 0周龄颈部皮下注射SSTR +IGFBP (胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白 )疫苗 ,1 3及 1 5周龄注射SSTR疫苗 ;对照组注射相同剂量的生理盐水。结果表明 :SSTR组平均日增重较对照组提高 5 73% ,采食量提高 3 88%。SSTR +IGFBP组平均日增重较对照组提高 9 74% ,采食量提高 1 1 1 6%。     

葛根粉对生长猪生产性能的影响

为了探讨葛根粉对生长猪生产性能的影响,选用平均体重26．86±2．06kg的杜×长×大三元杂交健康猪144头,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复（圈）6头。处理Ⅰ组为不添加抗生素的负对照组,处理Ⅱ组为添加抗生素的正对照组,处理Ⅲ组、处理Ⅳ组为试验组分别添加5．0％、5．5％葛根粉。结果表明：日粮中添加5．0％、5．5％葛根粉的试验组日增重、饲料转化效率与添加抗生素的正对照组差异不显著,日增重显著高于不添加抗生素的负对照组（P〈0．05）。     

松针粉对生长猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响

为探究饲料中添加松针粉对生长猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响,选择品种、胎次相近,平均体重为(60.92±0.46)kg的杜×长×大(Duroc×Landrace×large white)三元杂交猪108头,按完全随机设计法分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头猪,试验周期41 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验A组饲喂基础日粮+2%松针粉(等量替代麸皮),试验B组饲喂基础日粮+2%松针粉(直接添加)。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验A组的日增重提高2.88%,采食量提高1.94%,料肉比降低3.91%(P > 0.05);试验组B日增重降低3.43%,采食量降低3.91%,料肉比降低 0.53%(P > 0.05);试验A组与B组的咳嗽率均有所降低,分别降低64.22%和53.43%(P > 0.05);试验A组与B组血清中免疫球蛋白IgG和IgM含量较高,但三个试验组之间差异不显著。因此,在饲料中用2%松针粉等量替代麸皮或直接添加2%松针粉均有提高猪只生长性能、降低咳嗽率、提高免疫功能的趋势(P > 0.05)。     

Effects of space allocations and energy levels on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to investigate effects of different space allocations and different dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing pigs. In experiment 1, a total of 84 growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an initial body weight (BW) of 27.10 ± 1.60 kg were used in a 5‐week trial. Pigs were blocked based on initial BW into a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following factors: (i) 0.60 or 0.80 m²/pig space allocations; and (ii) 3,400 or 3,550 kcal/kg ME of diets. In experiment 2, a total of 84 finishing pigs with an initial BW of 67.43 ± 1.97 kg were used in a 10‐week trial. Pigs were allotted based on initial BW into a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following factors: (i) 0.81 or 1.08 m²/pig space allocations; and (ii) 3,300 or 3,450 kcal/kg ME of diet. In experiment 1, high ME diet improved gain‐to‐feed ratio (G:F) in pigs with low space allocation but not in pigs in high space allocation (p < .05). Additionally, high ME diet increased apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen in low space allocation but decreased ATTD of nitrogen in high space allocation (p < .05). In experiment 2, high ME diet improved average daily gain (ADG) and G:F in early‐finishing pigs with low space allocation but not in pigs with high space allocation (p < .05). In conclusion, the provision of high ME diets was not enough to overcome the reduction in growth performance due to low space allocation but can improve feed efficiency in growing pigs and daily gain and feed efficiency early‐finishing pigs.     

有机微量元素对生长猪生长性能及微量元素排出量的影响

选用96头平均体重为（19.13±1.18）kg生长猪,分为处理1组（高剂量无机微量元素组）、处理2组（高剂量有机元素组）、处理3组（低剂量无机元素组）、处理4组（高剂量有机元素组）,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,试验期50 d,研究有机微量元素对生长猪生长性能及微量元素排出量的影响力。结果表明：处理1、2、4组的日增重分别比处理3组提高5.83%、7.03%、7.70%,均显著高于处理3组（P＜0.05）,其他处理组之间的日增重差异不显著。处理1、2、4组的料重比分别比处理3组降低5.28%、6.79%、7.92%,均达差异显著（P＜0.05）,处理1、2、4组之间的料重比差异不显著,处理4组的料重比最低。处理1组和处理2组粪中铜、铁、锌、锰的排泄量差异均不显著,处理3组和处理4组粪中铜、铁、锌、锰的排泄量差异均不显著,处理3组和处理4组粪中铜、铁、锌、锰的排泄量比处理1组和处理2组显著降低（P＜0.05）。     

茶籽提取物对生长猪生长性能及抗氧化能力的影响

试验选用体重相近([31.03±2.13)kg]的长×大健康阉公猪20头,按照体重随机分为2个处理,每个处理10个重复,每个重复1头,采用FIRE全自动生长性能测定系统对试验猪生长性能进行精确化测定,用茶籽提取物和抗生素进行饲养对比试验,试验期48d。其中抗生素组为基础日粮添加120mg/kg的吉他霉素(50%),试验组为基础日粮添加600mg/kg的茶籽提取物。结果表明:与抗生素组相比,茶籽提取物组生长猪的平均日增重提高了4.7%,平均日采食量提高了4.5%,料重比降低了4.2%;血清超氧化物歧化酶活力提高了9.9%,总抗氧化能力提高了13.1%,丙二醛含量降低了4.8%。试验提示,生长猪日粮中用600mg/kg的茶籽提取物取代抗生素,生长猪的生长性能得到改善,抗氧化能力得到增强。     

Effects of dietary supplemental phytoncide instead of zinc oxide on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profiles,and faecal microflora in growing pigs

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of phytoncide (PTC) instead of zinc oxide on growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility and faecal microflora in growing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with initial body weight 24.48 ± 1.62 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments for a 6 weeks feeding trials, the treatments as follow: CON (base diet),ZO (CON + 0.03% Zinc Oxide), PTC1 (CON + 0.5% PTC), PTC2 (CON + 1.0% PTC). Compared to basal diet, during weeks 1–3, 3–6, and overall experimental period, the ADG of growing pigs fed phytoncide diet trend to be increased, and fed ZO diet was significantly increased (p < 0.05). During weeks 3–6 and overall experiment period, pigs fed the ZO diet showed improvement in feed intake compared to pigs fed basal diet as a trend. Compared with basal diet, the pigs receiving phytoncide diet significantly increased the digestibility of DM and reduced the concentration of aspartate transaminase in pigs receiving 1.0% phytoncide diet. These results suggested that dietary supplement of phytoncide, Korean pine extract, could be used as an alternative to zinc oxide by decreasing detoxify to soil and plants without influencing the performance of growing pigs. Further study is needed to determine the systemic estimation of the dose of phytoncide.     

在玉米─大麦─豆粕型饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖酶对生长猪生产性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响

共采用３０ 头２０ 公斤重的杜×长×大生长猪,均分入３ 个处理组,分别饲以玉米－ 豆粕（ＣＳ） 、玉米－ 大麦－ 豆粕（ＣＢＳ） 和玉米－ 大麦－ 豆粕＋ ０－１ ％ β－ 葡聚糖酶（ 酶活性为２－８ 万Ｕ／ 克）（ＣＢＳＥ） 饲粮,饲喂至５０ 公斤,分别测定了猪的生产性能及总能（ＧＥ） 粗蛋白（ＣＰ） 、粗纤维（ＣＦ） 的表观消化率。结果表明：在生长猪的ＣＢＳ饲粮中添加β－ 葡聚糖酶后,对猪的日增重、料重比有改善的趋,从而接近ＣＳ 饲粮的效果,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０－０５） ;但可显著提高猪对饲粮ＧＥ、ＣＦ 的表观消化率（Ｐ≤０－０５） ,对ＣＰ 的表观消化率没有显著的改善作用（Ｐ＞ ０－０５） 。     

Effect of dietary supplemental medium chain fatty acids instead of antibiotics on the growth performance,digestibility and blood profiles in growing pigs

Antibiotics have great functions in farm animal. However, the harm of antibiotics can't be ignored. The effects of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) supplementation to basal diet instead of antibiotics (CSP, Chlortetracycline, sulphonamide dimethazine and procaine penicillin, 1:1:1) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profile in growing pigs were studied. A total of 140 growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an average body weight of 27.84 ± 0.42 kg were allotted to four treatments of seven replicates/treatment and five pigs/replicate. The four experimental diets included: CON (basal diet, non‐antibiotic, negative control); CSP (CON + CSP 0.1%, positive control); M1 (CON + MCFA 0.15%) and M2 (CON + MCFA 0.3%). After 5 weeks, the fresh faecal and blood samples were collected from rectum and jugular vein respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) was significantly improved for pigs fed 0.3% MCFAs in relation to basal diet. Meanwhile, CSP supplementation had comparable effect on ADG. The lymphocyte percentage and IgG concentration were higher in blood of pigs‐fed MCFAs in relation to that of CON and CSP treatment while white blood cell and red blood cell were not affected. In relation to basal diet and CSP treatment, the digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy (E) were unaffected with MCFAs supplementation. In conclusion, MCFAs improved growth performance on body weight gain and immune profile. Addition 0.3% MCFAs into the diet indicated that its partial positive effect as an alternative to antibiotic.