草原灭鼠及其效益分析

额尔古纳市的草原面积为62.93公顷，近年来草原鼠害严重，经灭鼠试验。化学药剂中以磷化锌效果最好，杀灭率达97%左右，灭鼠后的草地与灭鼠前相比，每公顷天然草地鲜草产量提高750公斤，草原灭鼠取得了明显的经济、社会和生态效益。     

三角翼轻型飞机撒饵防治草原害鼠初步实验

在过去10多年草原灭鼠工作中我们均采用新疆通用航空公司运5-B型飞机撒饵灭鼠，提高了灭鼠功效，可在短期内迅速控制灭情。但关于三角翼轻型飞机撒饵灭鼠工作方面的实验目前还没人研究。为了进一步提高我区草原生物灾害应急防治能力、寻求新的灭鼠途径，2012年4月9～18日在阿勒泰地区青河县萨尔巴斯套黄兔尾鼠严重发生区域首次进行了三角翼轻型飞机撒饵灭鼠试验，取得较好的效果，现将此次灭鼠试验资料整理如下。     

草原灭鼠方法及对策简析

草原草场中都存在着很多鼠类,对草原生态系统造成了很大的破坏。通常情况下,草原灭鼠的方法有化学灭鼠以及器械灭鼠。除此之外,还应该改进放牧制度,研制灭鼠药剂,发展生态畜牧业,加强对民众的思想教育。本文将论述草原灭鼠方法及对策,对草原灭鼠工作有重要的参考价值。     

草原治蝗灭鼠工作存在的问题及应对策略分析

虫害和鼠害是制约草原治理质量的两个重要因素。确保治蝗灭鼠工作的高效化、规范化开展,不仅有助于草原治理质量的提升,更对草原牧场发展和草原生态建设具有重大影响。本文在阐述草原病害治理必要性的基础上,就治蝗灭鼠工作中存在的问题进行系统分析,并针对性的指出具体防治策略。以期有利于草原治蝗灭鼠工作的高效开展,进而在实现草原保护质量提升的同时,推动草原生态建设的进一步发展。     

灭鼠后草原生产力的调查

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)是青藏高原高寒草甸的主要害鼠。高原鼠兔对草场的危害,进行过很多调查研究,有不少论述。(萧运峰1979、1981,梁杰荣1978,张洁1965等)青海省是高原鼠兔危害最严重,也是开展草原灭鼠工作最早省区之一,灭鼠工作较好的地区,鼠害基本消除。那么,消除了鼠害这个因素后,对草原生态系统有些什么影响,草原生产力如何?对于这些问题报导甚少。查明灭鼠后草原的变化,对指导今后灭鼠工作,增强灭鼠信心,极为重要。为此,我们选择了消除鼠患的海南州同德县贡式布滩进行了调查,现报导如下:     

试论防治草原害鼠与牧草的经济关系

本文从不同角度论述害鼠防治中涉及的许多方面问题，通过对大面积灭鼠实例的分析，证明一塌糊涂2鼠可以得到新的草原生态平衡。灭鼠后第二年牧草质量由劣变优并保持稳定，优质牧草与杂草的比例从灭鼠前的1：6恢复为2：1，牧草价格从0.029元/公斤提高到0.042元/公斤。灭鼠后可获得高于灭鼠投资7倍以上经济效益。     

草原灭鼠的现状及对策

鼠虫危害是我国草地的"三大"自然灾害之一.近年来,一方面各地灭鼠不断,成绩固然不少,但另一方面受灾面积仍在蔓延,破坏程度日益加深,成了草原经济社会发展的一大问题.本文介绍了草原灭鼠的现状、存在的问题及对策.     

应用招鹰灭鼠 实施生物防治

应用招鹰灭鼠实施生物防治＠王俊梅￥甘肃省草原技术推广总站应用招鹰灭鼠实施生物防治王俊梅（甘肃省草原技术推广总站兰州７３００４６）招鹰灭鼠是依据鼠类天敌———鹰类与鼠之间具有食物链关系，人为地为鹰类提供有利的生存环境，使之捕食害鼠，从而达到控制害鼠种群数量和...     

荒漠草场荒漠化草原草场鼠害综合防治技术及效益分析

山丹县现辖天然草原365.83万亩,针对草原鼠害严重,药物灭治成本高、害鼠易产生耐药性、容易发生人畜中毒、年年防治年年有鼠的实际情况,我们经过多年的防治研究,探索出了一条运用招鹰灭鼠(生物灭鼠)、药物灭鼠等方法综合防治荒漠草场、荒漠化草原草场鼠害的路子,从根本上将害鼠密度控制在了防治标准以下,达到了有鼠无害、长期控制的目的,有效地保护了草原植被,恢复了草原生态平衡。     

用氯敌鼠钠盐在松嫩草原上灭治达乌尔黄鼠的试验报告

氯敌鼠钠盐是新型抗凝血杀鼠剂，化学名称是：２－苯基对氯苯基乙酰基－１．３茚满二铜钠盐。该种杀鼠药在我省草原灭鼠工作中首次使用。因此，我们根据农业部全国畜牧兽医总站的工作安排，结合我省实际灭治草原鼠害的情况，在杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县进行了氯敌鼠钠盐灭鼠效...     

海北州同宝牧场草地招鹰灭鼠效果

采用招鹰灭鼠的方法，控制草原害鼠数量，达到生态治理鼠害的目的。     

榆林地区动物间鼠疫风险调查分析

鼠疫是鼠疫耶尔森菌借鼠蚤传播为主的甲类传染病,系广泛流行于野生啮齿类动物间的一种自然疫源性疾病,易感动物主要为啮齿动物,人类一旦感染对其生命健康存在极大的危害。榆林地区虽然目前未发生动物间鼠疫疫情流行,但与榆林地区接壤的内蒙、宁夏等地近年来相继报道出现动物间鼠疫疫情传播情况。本文通过对鼠疫的流行特点和传播途径进行论述,对榆林地区目前面临的形势及风险进行研判,并进一步对本地人间鼠疫防控工作进行深入调查研究,为逐步建立系统性的动物间鼠疫监测工作提供科学依据。     

黄芪多糖佐剂对猪瘟疫苗免疫效果的影响

本试验旨在探讨以黄芪多糖(astragalan,AG)为佐剂对仔猪猪瘟疫苗诱导猪瘟抗体的影响。将20日龄仔猪40头随机分成4组(n=10),即生理盐水(normal sodium,NS)组、猪瘟疫苗(swine plague vaccine,SPV)组、黄芪多糖注射液(astragalan injection,AGI)组以及黄芪多糖注射液和猪瘟疫苗(astragalan injection and swine plague vaccine,AGI-SPV)组。各组于前腔静脉采血5 mL(用于检测)后,分别于仔猪出生第20、85天连续3 d颈部肌肉注射NS 3 mL×3 d,SPV 1 mL×1 d+NS 3 mL×2 d,AGI 10 mg/kg×3 d,(AGI 10 mg/kg+SPV 1 mL)×1 d+AGI 10 mg/kg×2 d。分别采血检测20(给药前)、35、100 d血清IgG、IgM、IgA、γ-球蛋白、猪瘟抗体(SP-Ab)等。100 d血清测定结果显示,AGI组和AGI-SPV组的γ-球蛋白、IgG、IgM和IgA水平显著高于NS组和SPV组(P＜0.05),SPV组和AGI -SPV组猪瘟抗体阻断率分别显著高于35 d和20 d,且AGI-SPV组高于SPV组(P＜0.05)。 AG作为免疫佐剂能提高猪瘟疫苗对仔猪的免疫力,其作用机制与增加免疫球蛋白和促进猪瘟抗体形成有关。     

Outbreak of duck plague (duck herpesvirus enteritis) in numerous species of captive ducks and geese in temporal conjunction with enforced biosecurity (in-house keeping) due to the threat of avian influenza A virus of the subtype Asia H5N1

The continuing westward spread of avian influenza A virus of the subtype H5N1 in free-living and domestic birds forced the European Union and the German federal government to enhance all biosecurity measures including in-house keeping of all captive birds from October 20 to December 15, 2005. Movement of captive ducks and geese of many different species from a free-range system to tight enclosures and maintenance for prolonged times in such overcrowded sheds resulted in pronounced disturbance of natural behaviour, interruption of mating and breeding activities and possibly additional stress. Under these conditions the birds developed signs of severe disease and enhanced mortality twentyfour days later. A total of 17 out of 124 (14%) adult birds and 149 out of 184 year-old birds (81 %) died during the outbreak. A herpesvirus was isolated from many organs of succumbed ducks and geese that was identified as a duck plague herpesvirus by cross neutralization test using known antisera against duck plague virus. The published host range of duck plague comprises 34 species within the order Anseriformes. We report here on additional 14 species of this order that were found to be susceptible to duck plague virus. The exact source of the herpesvirus could not identified. However, low antibody titres in some ducks at day of vaccination indicate that at least some of the birds were latently infected with a duck plague herpesvirus. The remaining healthy appearing birds were subcutaneously vaccinated with a modified live duck plague vaccine (Intervet, Boxmeer, NL) that stopped losses and resulted in seroconversion in most of the vaccinated birds.     

国家级鼠疫监测点格尔木市2007-2012年鼠疫流行病学特征分析

分析青海省格尔木市境内鼠疫流行特征,探讨鼠疫流行态势,为今后鼠疫防治工作提供科学依据。格尔木市作为青藏铁路沿线的国家级监测点按照《青藏铁路鼠疫防治技术方案》、《青藏铁路防治工作方案》和《全国鼠疫监测方案》实施监测工作,汇总2007—2012年格尔木市境内的鼠疫监测报告,应用描述流行病学方法进行分析。格尔木市2007—2012年动物间鼠疫时有发生,共分离鼠疫菌1株;检出鼠疫F1抗体阳性血清1份。格尔木市动物间鼠疫流行仍旧活跃,鼠疫防治态势依然严峻。。     

长沙地区奶牛无浆体动物感染试验及其传播途径调查

采集长沙地区某奶牛场疑似患病牛鲜血及牛舍周围吸血类昆虫(牛虻、厩蝇和蚊子等),分别作镜检观察,腹腔接种至试验小鼠体内(0.5 mL/只)进行培养和观察.为进一步证明其传播途径,将12只试验兔分别放置于牛舍不同方位饲养1周,进行临床感染试验.结果表明,病牛鲜血涂片染色后在血液红细胞内观察到呈圆点状或球状的无浆体虫体,绝大部分位于红细胞边缘,少数位于中央,染虫率达30%,患牛抗凝血在试验小鼠体内进行培养后,第4天开始在小鼠红细胞内查到虫体,第17天达到感染高峰;吸血类昆虫血液涂片、染色后,其中385片在血液红细胞内观察到虫体,虫体查出率达77%;吸血昆虫内容物在试验小鼠体内的培养情况大致与患牛抗凝血情况相同;在临床感染1周后的第6天,7只兔在血液红细胞中查到虫体,兔感染率达75%.     

Recombinant F1-V fusion protein protects black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) against virulent Yersinia pestis infection.

Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) are highly susceptible to sylvatic plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, and this disease has severely hampered efforts to restore ferrets to their historic range. A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of vaccination of black-footed ferrets against plague using a recombinant protein vaccine, designated F1-V, developed by personnel at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Seven postreproductive black-footed ferrets were immunized with the vaccine, followed by two booster immunizations on days 23 and 154; three control black-footed ferrets received a placebo. After the second immunization, antibody titers to both F1 and V antigen were found to be significantly higher in vaccinates than controls. On challenge with 7,800 colony-forming units of virulent plague by s.c. injection, the three control animals died within 3 days, but six of seven vaccinates survived with no ill effects. The seventh vaccinate died on day 8. These results indicate that black-footed ferrets can be immunized against plague induced by the s.c. route, similar to fleabite injection.     

飞蝗表型可塑性研究进展

飞蝗在田间有群居型和散居型两种表型,两型间可以相互转变,这种转变是表型可塑性过程.表型可塑性是昆虫对环境变化的响应,通过表型改变来适应恶劣环境达到生存繁衍的目的.群居型和散居型蝗虫在体表颜色、外部形态、发育及生理特征、行为参数等方面都存在明显差异.总结蝗虫表型可塑性调控机制研究进展,并对未来趋势进行了展望,以期控制蝗虫...     

2018年青海省鼠疫流行病学分析

分析了2018年青海省鼠疫监测结果,为制定鼠疫防控措施提供科学依据。应用Excel软件分析2018年青海省鼠疫监测、鼠疫疫源地调查和人间鼠疫病例数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果表明:2018年青海省未发生人间鼠疫疫情,全省各地区未检出鼠疫F1抗体血清,未分离出鼠疫菌。结论近年来青海省动物间鼠疫每年均有发生,虽然本年度未检出阳性血清和分离出鼠疫菌,但不能排除有些地区存在动物间鼠疫流行的可能性,鼠疫流行风险依然存在。     

Selected arthropod-borne diseases. Plague, Lyme disease, and babesiosis

The incidence of plague, one of the oldest arthropod-borne diseases, has increased during the past 10 years in the United States. Domestic carnivores are playing an increased role in the occurrence of human cases. The cat is now the principal cause of primary human pneumonic plague in the United States. Lyme disease and babesiosis, which were initially thought to be limited to specific local regions, are much more widespread than originally thought.