圆叶椒草的组织培养与植株再生研究

以圆叶椒草茎段为试材,采用植物组织培养方法,研究了6-BA、NAA、IBA对圆叶椒草的愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化以及试管苗生根培养的影响,以期筛选出愈伤组织和芽分化以及生根诱导的最佳培养基.结果表明:愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织和不定芽分化最理想的培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L;试管苗生根培养最佳培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+0.5％活性炭.     

洋桔梗无菌播种与植株再生体系的建立

以无菌播种方式获得无菌苗,以叶片为外植体,建立了洋桔梗高效植株再生体系.研究了不同激素及组合对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化、增殖与不定根形成的影响.结果表明:MS+6-BA 0.1～0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.05 m/L为愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化的适宜培养基;MS+ 6-BA 0.1 mg/L+NAA 0.02～0.05 mg/L为继代增殖适宜培养基;1/2MS+IBA 0.5～1.0 mg培/L为不定根形成的适宜培养基.     

菊花花瓣的组织培养

以菊花花瓣为外植体,在离体条件下既可通过诱导愈伤组织,再由愈伤组织诱导不定芽发生,也能直接由外植体表面诱导不定芽发生.在试验中探讨了NAA,6-BA对诱导愈伤组织和不定芽的影响,并筛选出诱导愈伤组织的最佳脱分化培养基为MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA0.2mg/L;诱导不定芽的最佳分化培养基为MS 6-BA 2.0mg/L NAA0.1 mg/L.     

侧柏胚性愈伤组织的诱导研究

以侧柏未成熟合子胚、胚根为试材,研究了基本培养基、不同外植体、植物激素、合子胚发育阶段等因素对侧柏愈伤组织诱导的影响.结果表明:未成熟合子胚、胚根在适宜的培养基上都能诱导出愈伤组织,DCR+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 g/L谷氨酰胺是未成熟合子胚诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基,诱导率高达96.67％.DCR+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 g/L谷氨酰胺是胚根诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基,诱导率高达93.33％.最佳采样时期为7月3日前后.     

南果梨不同外植体诱导黄色愈伤组织的影响因素

研究了南果梨不同外植体诱导黄色愈伤组织的最佳培养基.结果表明:以子房为外植体诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L IAA 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D;以茎段为外植体诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS 2.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L IAA 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D;以叶片为外植体诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS 1.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L IAA 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D.     

颠茄植株再生体系的建立

以颠茄种子萌发的无菌苗为试材,采用组织培养方法,以MS为基本培养基,研究IAA、NAA、6-BA、KT对愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响,探索适宜颠茄愈伤组织诱导和分化的培养基。结果表明:在MS+KT 0.5mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L和MS+KT 1.0mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L培养基上,愈伤诱导率较高达100%,KT、6-BA添加生长素配比诱导愈伤组织效果不佳。KT单独诱导的愈伤组织宜在20d后转接,KT和6-BA配合使用诱导出的愈伤组织宜在40d后转接。生根适宜培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2~0.4mg/L。该研究建立了颠茄的植株再生体系,为颠茄的组织培养提供了技术体系。     

"六月红"芋组培技术初探

以"六月红"芋球茎上的萌芽为外植体,在含有6-BA和NAA的MS培养基上能诱导出丛生芽和愈伤组织,添加6-BA 3.0mg/L和NAA 0.05mg/L的激素配比水平对丛生芽有良好的继代增殖效果,无根小苗在含有NAA 0.5～1.0mg/L的1/2 MS培养基(大量元素)中诱导15～20d即可生根形成再生植株.     

矮牵牛愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生研究

以矮牵牛无菌苗为材料,研究不同激素配比对其不同外植体愈伤组织的诱导、不定芽的分化和生根诱导的影响。结果表明：叶柄为诱导愈伤组织的最佳器官。最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 2.0 mg/L,最佳愈伤组织分化培养基为MS＋6-BA 0.5mg/L＋IBA 0.1 mg/L,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS＋IBA 0.5 mg/L,生根率可达100%,生根后移栽成活,获得再生植株。     

茄子子叶下胚轴离体再生体系建立

以3份茄子材料无菌苗子叶和下胚轴为外植体,研究其在MS附加不同浓度6-BA和NAA的培养基上的分化情况.结果表明:在不同培养基上,茄子子叶和下胚轴均能诱导出愈伤组织和分化形成不定芽,但不定芽诱导率存在明显差别,诱导3份材料下胚轴愈伤组织形成和芽分化的最佳培养基均为:MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L,子叶因品种不同有较大差异,紫色长棒茄芽分化最佳生长调节物质组合是6-BA 1.0 mg/L-+NAA 0.5 mg/L;紫红线茄是6-BA2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;紫黑短棒茄是6-BA 3.0 mg/L-+NAA 0.5 mg/L.     

山杏愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以山杏成熟胚和胚乳为外植体,以MS为基本培养基进行组织培养,研究了基于山杏经愈伤组织途径建立的再生植株技术。结果表明:以胚乳为外植体诱导愈伤组织的适宜培养基为MS+6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)1.0mg/L+2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)0.5mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂3g/L;愈伤组织的继代及分化培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+萘乙酸(NAA)0.1mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂3g/L;以成熟胚诱导愈伤组织和丛生芽增殖分化培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂3g/L;生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂3g/L。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.