Effect of lead on erythrocytic antioxidant defence, lipid peroxide level and thiol groups in calves

Fifteen crossbred male calves were exposed to lead for a period of 28 days orally at the dose rate of 7.5 mg of lead acetate as 0.75 per cent solution kg(-1)body weight to study its effect on erythrocytic antioxidant defense, lipid peroxide level and thiol groups. Five calves were given no treatment and served as unexposed controls. Blood samples were collected before exposure to lead and thereafter at weekly intervals (ie. on day 7, 14, 21 and 28). Erythrocyte haemolysate (10 per cent) was prepared and analysed for lipid peroxide level, activity of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Total, protein-bound and non protein-bound thiol groups were also measured. Exposure to lead significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the erythrocytic SOD activity by day 7 and it remained lower until day 21 followed by a marginal increase on day 28. Catalase activity declined after an initial compensatory rise on day 7. Erythrocytic lipid peroxide level was recorded to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher by day 21 and 28 of exposure. Total, protein-bound and non protein-bound -SH content of erythrocytes declined. It was concluded that oral exposure of lead reduced the erythrocytic thiol content and antioxidant defence indicating possible role of free radicals in pathogenesis of lead toxicity.     

Antioxidant defence system of boar cauda epididymidal spermatozoa and reproductive tract fluids

Antioxidants secreted by the reproductive tract protect spermatozoa against the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after ejaculation. This study aimed at characterizing the level of antioxidant protection in boar cauda epididymidal spermatozoa and fluids of the cauda epididymidis, vesicular and prostate glands. Also, this study investigated the effect of a 5-h period of dialysis on the antioxidant capacity of boar seminal plasma. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) activities were monitored in the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa or reproductive tract fluids. Also, the concentrations of total glutathione (GSH + GSSG), L-ergothioneine (ERT) and l-ascorbate and the total antioxidant status (TAS) of the fluids were measured. It was found that the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa exhibited high SOD activity and relatively low activity of PHGPx. The relative amounts of GPx, GR and GST activities in the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa were negligible, whereas CAT activity was undetectable. Greater SOD activity was found in the fluids of the cauda epididymidis and prostate gland. Furthermore, the prostate gland fluid appeared to be the main source of CAT activity in the seminal plasma, whereas the highest level of GPx activity was derived from the cauda epididymidal fluid. The reproductive tract fluids exhibited negligible amounts of GR and GST activities. It seemed that the significant amounts of GSH + GSSG, ERT and L-ascorbate in the reproductive tract fluids could have an ameliorative effect on the level of TAS in the seminal plasma. Dialysis had a marked effect on the total antioxidant capacity of the seminal plasma, which was manifested in greater activity of SOD and GPx. The findings of this study confirmed that the scavenging potential of the seminal plasma is dependent on the contributions of different antioxidants, originating in various fluids of boar reproductive tract.     

光周期变化对山羊褪黑素分泌及免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

光周期可以影响动物体内褪黑素(MLT)的分泌,而MLT能参与机体多种生理功能的调节。本试验旨在研究光周期对山羊MLT分泌、免疫和抗氧化功能及相关基因表达的影响。将18只6月龄雌性绒山羊随机分为3组:对照(CG,自然光周期)组、短光照(SDPP,光照8 h/d,黑暗16 h/d)组和渐减光照(SIPP,光照时间从16 h/d逐渐缩短到8 h/d)组。试验期为60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)在试验第30天,SDPP显著增加了血清MLT含量(P<0.05),在试验第60天,SIPP显著增加了血清MLT含量(P<0.05);2)在试验第30天,SDPP组血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T⁃SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),而SIPP组上述指标均无显著变化(P>0.05);在试验第60天,SDPP组和SIPP组血清T⁃SOD、GPx和CAT活性均显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05);3)在试验第30天,SDPP显著提高了血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白细胞介素-1β(IL⁃1β)和白细胞介素-2(IL⁃2)含量(P<0.05);在试验第60天,SDPP和SIPP均显著提高了血清IgG含量(P<0.05),此外,SDPP显著提高了血清IL⁃1β、IL⁃2和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF⁃α)含量(P<0.05),而SIPP仅显著提高了血清IL⁃1β含量(P<0.05);4)在基因表达方面,在试验第30天,SDPP显著上调了白细胞中SOD1、GPx1、GPx4、CAT、核转录因子2(Nrf2)、IL⁃1β、和IL⁃2基因相对表达量(P<0.05);在试验第60天,SDPP组白细胞中SOD1、CAT、GPx4、IL⁃1β和IL⁃2基因相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05),SIPP组白细胞中SOD1、GPx1、CAT、IL⁃1β和IL⁃2基因相对表达量显著提高(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,持续短光照能分泌更多的MLT,提高山羊的免疫和抗氧化功能。     

Antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes from goats seropositive to the sheep nose bot fly (Oestrus ovis L., Diptera: Oestridae) infection

Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae) causes an important cosmopolitan parasitosis of the nasal and sinusal cavities of sheep and goats called oestrosis. Our objective was to analyze the participation of erythrocytes in the antioxidant system in goats seropositive to O. ovis infection under field conditions. Fifty female goats naturally exposed to O. ovis infection from Baja California Sur, México, were blood-sampled. Erythrocytic intracellular content was obtained from blood plasma. Oestrosis serodiagnosis was determined by ELISA. Protein, hemoglobin (Hb), superoxide dismutase (SOD), mieloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes were determined in both seropositive and seronegative goats. Overall seroprevalence of O. ovis infection in goats was 56%. Positive significant (P<0.05) associations were observed among systemic IgG level and protein (0.34), hemoglobin (0.43), SOD (0.32), and MPO (0.41) in erythrocytes. Protein and hemoglobin concentrations, as well as SOD and MPO activities in erythrocytes were found significantly higher (P<0.05) in seropositive than in seronegative goats. By contrast, enzymatic activities of CAT and GST and lipid peroxidation values were similar in seropositive and seronegative groups. In conclusion, there was a systemic stimulation of Reactive Oxygen Species which was efficiently scavenged by erythrocytic antioxidant enzymes in goats seropositive to O. ovis infection.     

慢性寒冷应激对绵羊体增重、血清免疫和抗氧化机能的影响

本试验旨在探究慢性寒冷应激对绵羊体增重、血清免疫和抗氧化机能的影响.选取体重为(55.50±0.80)kg、毛丛长度为(11.60±1.47)cm的3岁杜蒙杂交母羊18只,随机分为3组:舍内加热组(对照组)、舍内组和舍外组,每组6只.试验共28 d,每天记录各组试验羊的采食量,并于试验第1、14和28天称重,计算平均日...     

Characteristics of Antioxidant Systems of Yellow Fraction of Red Deer's (Cervus elaphus L.) Semen During the Rutting Period

The objective of this study was to make the preliminary characterization of the antioxidant defence systems of the yellow fraction (YF) of red deer's (Cervus elaphus L.) semen during the rutting period. The semen was collected using artificial vagina (AV). The studies included spectrophotometric determination of antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). We also analysed the contents of low‐molecular antioxidants such as L‐glutathione (GSH + GSSG), L‐ascorbate (ASC) and total antioxidant status (TAS). Additionally, the samples were subjected to PAGE and stained for SOD and GPx activities. It was demonstrated that the yellow fraction exhibited activities of SOD and GPx, with the highest activities in September and October. CAT activity was not detected. Staining for the SOD and GPx activities confirmed three protein bands with SOD activity and one protein band with GPx activity. The content of GSH + GSSG was similar in trials dating from October to December contrary to the content of ASC which was high in samples from September and October. The stable rate of TAS was observed during the whole rutting period. The results of this study showed that the YF of red deer semen is equipped with basic battery of antioxidant enzymes comprising SOD and GPx, with the supporting role of GSH + GSSG and ASC. Moreover, the samples obtained at the peak of the rutting period occurring from September to October had the highest enzymatic activity in comparison with remaining months of the rutting period, which contributed to the high quality of the semen by preventing it from the formation of oxidative stress during the short period of intense sexual activity of male red deer. The better understanding of the mechanisms of antioxidant defence systems in the YF of deer's semen may contribute to the potential use of this fraction in technology of wild ruminant semen preservation.     

Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on growth performance and antioxidative function of small intestine in broilers

Dietary Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) could enhance immune function in broilers, which was attributed primarily to its saponin components. However, YSE also contains phenolic compounds which possess antioxidant ability. This study tested the effects of YSE on growth performance of broilers, its antioxidative enzyme activities and corresponding gene expressions in the small intestine. A total of 128 15‐day‐old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: corn‐soya bean meal as the basal control diet or the basal diet containing either 100, 200 or 300 mg/kg of YSE. Each treatment consisted of four replicate pens with eight broilers per pen. The experiment lasted 28 days which was divided into a grower period (day: 15–28) and a finisher period (day: 29–42). On day 28 and day 42 body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were recorded. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected to analyse superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and gene expressions of SOD, CAT, GPx. The results showed that during the grower period a diet including 100 mg/kg YSE improved CAT capacity in the ileum, tended to increase activities of GPx in the duodenum, and further showed enhancing tendencies in SOD and GPx abilities in ileum. Gene expressions of CAT, SOD and GPx in the ileum tended to upregulate at 100 mg/kg YSE level. In the finisher period and over the whole period, all YSE groups had a reduced FI compared to the control group without compromising BW; 100 and 200 mg/kg YSE significantly improved FCR. In conclusion, the improved growth performance of broilers during the finisher period may be due to enhanced antioxidative ability in the grower period with YSE supplementation. This study provided evidence of using YSE as an additive to enhance growth in broilers.     

Seasonal variation in testicular blood flow dynamics and their relation to systemic and testicular oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers and androgens in rams

The environmental temperature increased during summer and decreased during winter to the limits that might negatively affect animal and human reproduction. The responses of Egyptian rams to either hot or cold climatic conditions were studied in six mature rams subjected to weekly testicular Doppler ultrasonographic examination, blood sampling, seminal plasma collection and semen evaluation. The maximum environmental temperature and the relative humidity were used to classify the climatic condition according to the heat stress equation of sheep into hot months where temperature–humidity index (THI) was >26 (31.67 ± 0.54), and cold months where THI was <22 (18.39 ± 0.41). Testosterone, estradiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and lipid peroxide product (malondialdehyde, MDA) were measured in both blood and seminal plasma, while catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in blood and seminal plasma, respectively. Results revealed that, during the hot months, rams displayed significantly decreased testicular blood flow, increased seminal plasma MDA, decreased seminal plasma (SOD, GPx and GSH) and blood CAT antioxidant enzymes. The present study evidenced two novel findings: (a) the marked decrease in testicular blood flow volume, that is remarkable increase in both resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) values, during hot months could be negatively affected both seminal plasma enzymatic activities and seminal attributes, and (b) the SOD and GPx activities in seminal plasma of such animals were suitable predictive markers for seminal attribute evaluation.     

Effect of oral antioxidant supplementation on blood antioxidant status in trained thoroughbred horses

The oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium of trained thoroughbred horses (n = 40) was assessed on three occasions during a period of three months under field conditions by blood antioxidant markers analysis, i.e. plasma ascorbic acid (AA), plasma antioxidant capacity of water-soluble components (ACW), whole blood (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione, plasma alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene, plasma antioxidant capacity of lipid-soluble components (ACL), red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase activity (GPx) and plasma trace-elements, i.e. selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn). A control group of ten horses receiving a placebo and an antioxidant group of 30 horses orally supplemented with an antioxidant mixture were randomly formed. An antioxidant imbalance was observed after three months in the control group, reflected by a significant decrease in GSH, SOD, GPx, Se (P < 0.05) and a significant increase in GSSG (P < 0.05). The antioxidant supplement prevented GPx and Se decrease and significantly increased ACW, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ACL (P < 0.05). Significant sex- or age-related differences were found for AA, ACW, alpha-tocopherol, SOD, GPx and Se, and there were significant correlations between ACW-AA, ACL-alpha-tocopherol, GPx-Se, CPK-Se, CPK-alpha-tocopherol and CPK-Cu. This field study has shown that trained thoroughbred horses undergo significant changes of several blood antioxidant markers and that oral antioxidant supplementation might partially counterbalance these changes by improving the hydrophilic, lipophilic and enzymatic antioxidant blood capacity.     

Effect of dietary l-carnitine supplementation and energy level on oxidant/antioxidant balance in laying hens subjected to high stocking density

This study aimed to investigate the effect of l -carnitine and energy level and on oxidant/antioxidant balance in laying hens subjected to high stocking density. A total of 176, 32-week-old laying hens were assigned to eight groups with four replicates and hens in four groups were placed at the normal stocking densities of 500 cm²/hen (four hens per cage) and in the remaining four groups were placed at the high stocking densities of 287.5 cm²/hen (seven hens per cage). Hens received diets of high (2,850 kcal/kg ME) or normal (2,650 kcal/kg ME) energy which are supplemented with 0 or 200 mg/kg l -carnitine for 70 days. Results showed that exposure to high stocking density increased (p < .05) plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and decreased (p < .05) erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (GPx) activities. l -carnitine supplementation increased (p < .05) erythrocyte SOD, CAT and GPx activities, and decreased (p <.05) MDA and NO level in high stocking densities. The oxidan/antioxidan balance of birds was not influenced by increasing dietary energy level. The results of the present study indicate that the supplementation of l -carnitine to the birds subjected to high stocking density could effectively reverse the negative effects of high stocking density by improving oxidant/antioxidant balance. Therefore, l -carnitine supplementation at level of 200 mg/kg to diet may be as a favourable alternative to deal with oxidative stress caused by high stocking density in laying hens.     

The effect of dietary tryptophan levels on oxidative stress of liver induced by diquat in weaned piglets

Oxidative stress can induce abnormal tryptophan metabolism.The present study was mainly conducted to determine the effect of dietary tryptophan levels on oxidative stress in the liver of weaned pigs challenged by diquat.A total of 36 PIC piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 diets containing dietary tryptophan levels of 0.18,0.30,and 0.45%for 14 d.On day 8,the piglets were injected intraperitoneally with sterile0.9%NaCI solution or diquat(10 mg/kg body weight).During the first 7 d of trial,increasing dietary tryptophan levels enhanced average daily gain(P=0.09) and average daily feed intake(P=0.08),and decreased the feed efficiency(P<0.05) of piglets.The growth performance was decreased by diquat injection(P<0.05).Diquat injection also decreased the activities of the superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) in the plasma and liver(P<0.05),increased plasma malondialdehyde(MDA)(P<0.05) and urea nitrogen(P<0.05) concentrations,and enhanced MDA concentration(P =0.09) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase(TDO) activity(P =0.07) in liver of piglets.Increasing dietary tryptophan levels could attenuate the effects of diquat injection on the MDA(P =0.06) concentration and the activities of SOD(P=0.09) and GPx(P=0.05) of the liver,and plasma urea nitrogen(P =0.06) concentration in the piglet.There was a synergistic role for increasing TDO activity in the liver between dietary tryptophan levels and diquat injection(P<0.05).These results suggest that increasing dietary tryptophan levels could attenuate the oxidative stress of the liver in weaned piglets intraperitoneally injected with diquat via enhancing the antioxidant capacity.     

山羊痒螨病对机体抗氧化系统的影响

为了研究山羊痒螨病对机体氧自由基及抗氧化系统的影响,分别对感染山羊和健康山羊GSH-Px、T-SOD、CAT的活力和MDA、LPO的含量进行了测定。试验结果显示,感染组山羊血清中GSH-Px活力极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),T-SOD活力极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),MDA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),LPO含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);感染组与对照组CAT活力差异不显著。试验结果表明,山羊患痒螨病后,体内氧自由基含量升高,抗氧化酶活力降低,脂质过氧化物含量上升。     

日粮硒对小鼠肾脏硒沉积及抗氧化酶基因表达的影响

This study was to explore the effect of dietary selenium on selenium deposition and antioxidant enzymes gene expression in mouse kidney. Four groups （Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ）of mice were fed eight weeks with 0.045,0.1,0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg Se, respectively. The results showed that the levels of kidney selenium deposition increased with the increasing of dietary selenium, groupⅠ was significantly lower than other groups （P＜0.05）. Kidney selenium deposition among Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ groups showed no significant differences when fed to the 56th day （P＞0.05）. The TrxR2 mRNA expression of groupⅠwas significantly lower than that of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ （P<0.05）, and the two groups also showed significant differences（P＜0.05）. The SOD1 and SOD2 mRNA expression levels of groupⅠwere significantly lower than that of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ （P＜0.05）. SOD2 expression showed significantly different between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ（P＜0.05）, while SOD1 expression showed no significant differences between the two groups. The CAT mRNA expression levels of groupsⅠ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ （P＜0.05）, there were no significant differences between groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ （P>0.05）. These results indicated that selenium could increase the level of kidney selenium deposition. With the feeding time increased, kidney selenium deposition in high-selenium group showed saturated. Se deficient and excessive could reduce the mRNA expression levels of kidney antioxidant genes (TrxR2, SOD1, SOD2 and CAT).     

Rate of lipid peroxidation in brain and liver tissues and the total antioxidant status of blood plasma in developing chicks

Age-related changes of tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) of liver and brain, as well as plasma antioxidant capacity of broiler chicken cockerels were investigated. Tissue LPO was characterised by the spectrophotometric assessment of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Plasma antioxidant power was evaluated by the measurement of total antioxidant status (TAS). Newly hatched broiler chicks had similar TAS value (1.19 mmol/l) as newborns of mammalian species. Significant changes (p < 0.05) were observed in the time course of all parameters. Tissue TBARS concentration was higher in the brain than in the liver at hatching, while the latter organ was found to have more effective antioxidant defence during embryonic life. The concentration of TBARS increased up to the 10th day in the liver but only up to the 21st day in the brain, and the former was accompanied by an approximately 50% decrease of plasma antioxidant capacity. This suggests that the liver plays an important role in forming the antioxidant defence mechanisms of the blood plasma in broiler chicks.     

繁殖母羊的氧化应激和氧化损伤研究

本试验旨在探究不同生殖阶段、胎次繁殖母羊的氧化应激及氧化损伤状态。试验1选取体重、体况相近的2~3胎空怀期、妊娠期(30、60、120 d)、分娩及哺乳期(21 d)的崇明白山羊各5只;试验2选取后备、1胎、2~3胎、4~5胎、6胎及以上的崇明白山羊母羊各5只。分别采集血样,测定血清自由基代谢指标[皮质醇、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量]、抗氧化指标[总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性]、氧化损伤指标[丙二醛(MDA)、8-异前列腺素-F2α(8-ISO-PGF2α)、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHDG)、蛋白质羰基化(PC)含量]。结果表明:试验1,从空怀期至哺乳期,血清皮质醇、H2O2含量呈先上升后降低的趋势,在分娩时达最高值,较空怀期显著提高(P0.05);血清T-AOC、SOD活性逐渐增强,且哺乳期21 d较空怀期显著提高(P0.05);血清MDA、8-ISO-PGF2α、PC含量先增加后趋于平稳,且在分娩时达最高,较空怀期显著提高(P0.05),血清8-OHDG含量逐渐增加,哺乳期21 d达到最高,较空怀期显著提高(P0.05)。试验2,随着母羊胎次的增加,血清中皮质醇含量无显著变化(P0.05),4~5胎、6胎及以上血清H2O2含量显著高于其他胎次(P0.05);血清TAOC无显著变化(P0.05),血清SOD及GSH-Px活性逐级递减,6胎及以上较后备母羊下降显著(P0.05);血清MDA、8-ISO-PGF2α、8-OHDG和PC含量逐渐增加,6胎及以上显著高于其他胎次(P0.05)。综上所述,伴随着妊娠的进行,母羊体内的自由基代谢逐渐增强,与此同时,体内的抗氧化水平也相应提高以维持氧化-抗氧化体系平衡,但在妊娠后期至哺乳期激增的活性氧自由基破坏了自由基稳衡体系,导致氧化应激和氧化损伤;随着母羊胎次的增加,抗氧化能力逐渐减弱,高胎次母羊氧化损伤严重。     

The curative and antioxidative efficiency of doramectin and doramectin+vitamin AD3E treatment on Psoroptes cuniculi infestation in rabbits

In the present study, the efficiency of the administration of doramectin (DOR) and DOR+vitamin AD3E (VIT), and the influence of these agents on oxidative stress parameters in rabbits infested by Psoroptes cuniculi (P. cuniculi) were investigated. DOR (200 microg/kg) and DOR (200 microg/kg)+VIT AD3E were administered to infested rabbits intramuscularly (IM). The administration of DOR and DOR+VIT improved the healing of ear lesions on day seven. Increase in the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and erythrocyte catalase (CAT) activity, and decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in infested rabbits. In the rabbits which were administered DOR+VIT, plasma MDA levels decreased, and erythrocyte GSH-Px and SOD activities increased on day seven. In conclusion, DOR and DOR+VIT combination were effective against P. cunuculi infestation. Infestation stimulated oxidative stress. VIT treatment resulted in antioxidant activity against oxidative stress induced by P. cuniculi infestation.     

日粮NSC/SC对舍饲辽宁绒山羊营养代谢和血清指标的影响

为探讨日粮NSC/SC(非结构性碳水化合物与结构性碳水化合物比)对舍饲绒山羊营养代谢和血清指标的影响,分析NSC/SC与舍饲绒山羊肢蹄病是否存在显著关系,选择25只健康(未发生肢蹄病)舍饲辽宁绒山羊母羊,随机分成A、B、C、D、E组,每组5只,依次饲喂NSC/SC为1.17、0.95、0.78、0.63、0.51的全混合日粮。饲养45 d后,测定试验羊的血清代谢指标、抗氧化指标和骨关节损伤标记物含量。结果表明,随日粮NSC/SC的降低,GLU(葡萄糖)和INS(胰岛素)呈降低趋势,其中A组的GLU含量显著高于D、E组(P<0.05);A、B组的INS含量均显著高于D组和E组(P<0.05);PG(胰高血糖素)呈升高趋势,其中E组显著高于A组(P<0.05)。血清UA(尿酸)、Urea(尿素氮)和NH3-N(氨氮)水平总体上均呈缓慢升高趋势。血清NEFA(游离脂肪酸)、TC(胆固醇)和TG(甘油三酯)含量总体呈降低趋势。随日粮NSC/SC的降低,血清GSH-Px(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其中C、D组极显著高于另外3组(P<0.01);血清SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)变化趋势与GSH-Px相似,C、D组CAT活性极显著高于A、E组(P<0.01);血清MDA(丙二醛)、GSSG(氧化型谷胱甘肽)含量总体呈降低趋势。随日粮NSC/SC的降低,血清骨关节损伤标记物和ALP(碱性磷酸酶)总体呈降低趋势,试验前后血清COMP(软骨寡聚基质蛋白)、PIIANP(ⅡA型胶原氨基端端肽)、ALP降幅均为C组最大,血清CTX-II(Ⅱ型胶原羧基端端肽)降幅A组最大。说明舍饲健康辽宁绒山羊日粮NSC/SC为0.63~0.78时较为适宜。     

Biochemical and antioxidant changes in plasma and erythrocytes of pentathlon horses before and after exercise

Abstract: Physical exercise in the horse induces a series of normal physiological and biochemical adaptations. Increasing metabolism and oxygen uptake may induce oxidative stress in various organs. The aim of this study was to examine exercise-induced changes in some plasma and RBC biochemical and antioxidant variables in pentathlon horses. Blood samples were taken from 14 horses before, immediately after, and 24 hours after competing in two 1-minute runs of intense exercise over jumps. The peak intensity periods were preceded by a 20-minute warm-up and separated by a 20-minute break. The following plasma biochemical analytes were determined: total protein, uric acid, and lactate concentrations, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) also were measured. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total protein concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in RBC hemolysates. Significantly increased concentrations of total protein, lactate, and FRAP, and increased activities of CK and LDH were observed immediately postexercise compared with pre-exercise samples (P < .05). All results returned to approximately initial values after 24 hours of rest. RBC GSH and TBARS concentrations did not change immediately after exercise, but decreased after 24 hours of rest (P < .05). Plasma uric acid and FRAP values were positively correlated in a linear model ( r = .78). In summary, the type of exercise applied in this study, which can be considered quite usual for pentathlon horses, caused detectable biochemical and lipid peroxidative changes in plasma and RBCs. FRAP and TAS values changed in opposite directions, indicating that when antioxidant capacity is assessed using different methods, highly different results may be obtained.     

饲粮补充精氨酸对低出生重哺乳仔猪肝脏氧化还原状态和线粒体功能的影响

本试验通过研究精氨酸(Arg)对低出生重(LBW)哺乳仔猪机体氧化还原平衡状态和线粒体功能的影响,探讨Arg改善LBW哺乳仔猪生长发育的可能机制。试验选取体况接近、产期一致和胎次相近的初产母猪所产仔猪,4日龄时,选取20头LBW[体重(1.16±0.08)kg]和10头正常出生重(NBW)[体重(2.07±0.10)kg]仔猪,按体重相近、公母比例一致的原则分为NBW组(饲喂基础饲粮)、LBW组(饲喂基础饲粮)和LBW+Arg组(基础饲粮补充1%Arg)3个组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪,人工乳饲养21 d。在第22天,屠宰并收集所有试验猪的血清与肝脏样品,检测生长性能、氧化还原状态与线粒体功能指标。结果表明:1)与NBW仔猪相比,LBW仔猪末重、平均日增重(ADG)和平均日干物质摄入量(ADMI)显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和ATP含量显著下降(P<0.05),肝脏环氧化酶(COX)ⅠmRNA表达量显著下调(P<0.05),肝脏视神经萎缩症蛋白1(OPA1)mRNA表达量有下调的趋势(P=0.089);2)饲粮补充Arg显著提高LBW仔猪末重、ADG和ADMI(P<0.05),显著提高血清CAT活性和肝脏CAT、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性(P<0.05),显著提高肝脏ATP含量(P<0.05),显著上调肝脏GPx1和线粒体融合蛋白1(Mfn1)mRNA表达量(P<0.05),并且有上调肝脏CAT(P=0.056)、COXⅣ(P=0.063)和OPA1(P=0.087)mRNA表达量的趋势。以上研究表明,LBW仔猪肝脏抗氧化能力下降,线粒体功能受阻,生长发育受到抑制;而饲粮补充1%Arg显著提高LBW仔猪肝脏抗氧化能力,改善线粒体功能,提高LBW仔猪生长性能。