水牛水通道蛋白9基因克隆及其表达分析

本研究旨在对水牛水通道蛋白9 (aquaporins 9,AQP9) 基因进行克隆,并对其在水牛不同组织中的表达规律及其在水牛卵巢和睾丸组织中的表达差异进行探索。根据GenBank上黄牛AQP9基因序列(登录号:NM_001205833.1)设计特异性引物,以水牛睾丸组织cDNA为模板,应用RT-PCR方法扩增AQP9基因编码区片段;运用生物信息学方法分析其核苷酸序列的保守性和氨基酸的理化性质;应用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析AQP9基因在水牛组织中的表达情况;免疫组织化学方法分析AQP9蛋白在不同发育阶段水牛卵泡及睾丸组织中的表达差异。结果表明,克隆获得了888 bp的水牛AQP9基因编码区序列,其编码295个氨基酸。多重序列比较显示,水牛AQP9核苷酸序列与牛、猪、绵羊和人相应序列相似性分别为99%、90%、97%、88%;氨基酸序列的同源性分别为99%、86%、97%、83%,系统进化树分析结果推测,AQP9基因在物种进化过程中具有高度保守性。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,AQP9基因在水牛肝脏、肺脏、大脑、皮肤、睾丸和卵巢组织中有不同程度的表达,在肝脏组织中表达最高,皮肤和睾丸次之,肺脏和卵巢表达较低。免疫组化结果显示,在卵巢组织中,AQP9蛋白表达随卵泡发育时期的不同而变化,并随着卵泡发育其表达逐渐增强;在睾丸组织中,AQP9蛋白在各级精母细胞和间质细胞中均有表达。结果提示,成功克隆得到水牛AQP9基因序列;AQP9在水牛卵巢和睾丸中的表达及其功能可能与水牛卵泡发育和精子发生有重要的关联。     

Cloning of Buffalo AQP9 Gene and Analysing its Expression in the Buffalo Tissues

Cloning buffalo AQP9 gene and analyzing its expression in buffalo tissues.A pair of primers was designed according to the released bovine AQP9 sequences in GenBank,which was used to clone buffalo AQP9 gene.The AQP9 gene was amplified by RT-PCR,whose nucleotide sequence and protein structure were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.The expression of AQP9 in buffalo tissues was assayed by Real-time quantitative PCR.The expression of AQP9 gene in buffalo ovary and testis tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining method.The results showed that the cloned ORF length of buffalo AQP9 gene was 888 bp,which coded 295 amino acids.The results of multiple sequence comparison showed that the nucleotide sequence of buffalo AQP9 shared 99%,90%,97% and 88% homologeous compared with that of Bos taurus,Sus scrofa,Ovis ariessis and Homo sapiens,respectively,while shared 99%,86%,97%,83% homologeous for amino acids,respectively.Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that AQP9 gene was highly conservative in the evolutionary process.Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that AQP9 gene expressed in buffalo liver,lung,brain,skin,testis and ovary tissues with different levels,had the most abundant expression in liver,followed by in skin and testis,less observed in lung and ovary.The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of AQP9 protein varied with the development of buffalo ovarian tissue,and gradually enhanced with follicle development.In testicular tissue,AQP9 protein expressed in spermatocyte and leydig cells of developmental stage testis.These results indicated that we had successfully cloned buffalo AQP9 gene sequences.The expression and its function of AQP9 in buffalo ovaries and testes might play an important role in follicle development and spermatogenesis.     

家蚕异时性基因Bmlin-28的克隆及表达研究

本文通过对其他物种中相关基因的同源比对,首次在家蚕中鉴定了异时性基因Bmlin-28,并对其时空表达模式进行了分析。Bmlin-28在家蚕大造品种5龄3d的卵巢、精巢、血液中特异表达,其中在卵巢中的表达量最高;在3龄前期的表达量要高于3龄后期。     

SPATA3基因克隆及其在牦牛和犏牛睾丸中的差异表达研究

旨在克隆牦牛精子发生蛋白3（spermatogenesis associated 3,SPATA3）基因,并检测其在牦牛不同组织及在不同发育时期牦牛和犏牛睾丸中的表达水平,探讨SPATA3对睾丸发育和精子成熟的影响,为进一步研究该基因在精子形成过程中的作用机制提供理论依据。本试验以牦牛为研究对象,利用RT-PCR克隆技术获取牦牛SPATA3 cDNA序列,使用生物信息软件分析其结构和功能,并检测其在牦牛心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、小肠、卵巢、子宫和睾丸组织中的表达谱。通过实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative real-time PCR,RT-qPCR）检测SPATA3基因在牦牛和犏牛睾丸不同发育时期的表达规律;采用免疫组化技术检测SPATA3在牦牛和犏牛睾丸中的细胞定位及表达差异。结果显示,SPATA3基因CDS区为693 bp,编码230个氨基酸,与黄牛、野牦牛和水牛的同源性较高;SPATA3仅在耗牛睾丸组织中特异性表达,其它组织未见其表达。RT-qPCR结果显示,SPATA3基因在牦牛睾丸发育过程中均有表达,其中成年期（4~5岁）睾丸中的表达极显著高于胎牛时期（5~6月,P<0.01）,且其在牦牛不同发育时期睾丸中的表达均极显著高于犏牛（P<0.01）。免疫组化结果发现,SPATA3在圆形精子、长形精子细胞胞浆中均表达,且成年期牦牛睾丸中该基因的表达水平极显著高于犏牛（P<0.01）。综上表明,SPATA3在遗传进化中高度保守,且在牦牛和犏牛睾丸组织中差异表达,该基因低表达可能引起精子形成障碍,从而参与精子成熟进程,但具体功能有待进一步的研究。     

睾丸肾上腺素能受体和胆碱能受体的分布及神经递质对睾丸间质细胞增殖的影响

试验旨在研究不同发育时期小鼠睾丸肾上腺素能受体(β1AR、β2AR、β3AR、α1A、α1B和α1D)和胆碱能受体(M1、M2、M3、M4和M5)mRNA的表达,以及神经递质去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)和乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,Ach)对发育期小鼠睾丸间质细胞增殖的影响。RT-PCR结果表明,β1AR和β2AR mRNA在睾丸发育的3个时期都表达,β3AR、α1A和α1B mRNA在小鼠发育早期的睾丸表达,在成年期睾丸不表达,α1D mRNA在睾丸发育的早期不表达,成年期表达;胆碱能受体M1R、M2R、M3R和M5R mRNA在睾丸发育的3个时期都表达,而M4R mRNA主要在成年期表达。另外通过NE和Ach处理体外培养的发育期睾丸间质细胞,发现Ach处理组BrdU阳性细胞的数量明显增加(P＜0.01)。结果表明,肾上腺素能受体和胆碱能受体在小鼠睾丸的整个发育时期都表达,Ach可促进发育期小鼠睾丸间质细胞的增殖。     

日本血吸虫Wnt受体蛋白SjFz5在不同发育阶段的组织定位及mRNA表达水平分析

为研究日本血吸虫(Sj)Wnt信号分子受体SjFz5(Frizzled5)在Sj生长发育中的作用,本实验对其在不同发育阶段的mRNA转录水平及组织分布进行了检测,并采用定量PCR方法比较SjFz5基因在Sj不同发育阶段间的mRNA水平差异。以7 d童虫cDNA为模板,扩增SjFz5基因编码胞外区CRD(Cystein rich domain)的基因片段,构建pET-SjFz5-CRD表达重组质粒进行原核表达。以纯化的重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,并进行SjFz5蛋白的组织定位。结果显示:SjFz5基因mRNA在发育早期表达水平相对较高,其中7 d童虫中表达量最高,13 d和18 d童虫下调了约1/3。23 d及其后雌雄虫的表达水平继续下调,雄虫下调比雌虫略显缓慢。整个成虫阶段SjFz5 mRNA维持在一个相对较低的水平。免疫组化结果显示SjFz5蛋白在虫体组织中分布广泛,其中雌雄虫生殖器官组织中的分布最为明显。随着卵巢和睾丸的逐步发育,SjFz5蛋白的量也呈现增加的趋势。SjFz5 mRNA在7 d童虫内表达量最高,SjFz5蛋白在雌雄生殖器官组织中分布最为明显,提示其介导的Wnt信号通路可能参与调节童虫阶段的细胞增殖、器官分化,并可能调节两性生殖细胞的发育。     

CD81、CCL26基因在黔北麻羊不同性腺组织中的表达研究

CD81和CCL26基因是影响哺乳动物性腺细胞融合的重要因子,但其在黔北麻羊性腺组织中的表达情况尚不清楚。为研究CD81和CCL26基因在黔北麻羊不同组织中的表达量,本实验以单、多羔黔北麻羊为研究对象,提取下丘脑、垂体、子宫、输卵管、卵巢组织的RNA,并将5种性腺组织RNA逆转录合成第一链cDNA,随后采用q-PCR技术检测CD81、CCL26基因的mRNA在单、多羔黔北麻羊不同性腺组织中的表达水平。结果表明:黔北麻羊性腺组织中CD81、CCL26基因的mRNA均有表达,2种基因均在单、多羔卵巢中的表达量最高;CD81基因在单羔组子宫中的表达量最低;CD81基因在多羔组、CCL26基因在单多羔组下丘脑中的表达量均最低;组间差异表达量分析可知,CD81基因在多羔组子宫的表达量显著高于单羔组;CCL26基因在单羔组卵巢和输卵管的表达量显著高于多羔组,在单羔组子宫的表达量极显著高于多羔组。本实验结果提示,CD81和CCL26基因可能与山羊繁殖能力相关,也为初步揭示山羊繁殖的分子调控机制提供了参考依据。     

Identification and comparative profiling of gonadal microRNAs in the adult pigeon (Columba livia)

ABSTRACT

1. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that play crucial roles in gene expression. However, the comparative profiling of testicular and ovarian microRNAs in birds are rarely reported, particularly in pigeon.

2. In this study, Illumina next-generation sequencing technology was used to sequence miRNA libraries of the gonads from six healthy adult utility pigeons. A total of 344 conserved known miRNAs and 32 novel putative miRNAs candidates were detected. Compared with those of ovaries, 130 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in the testes. Among them, 70 miRNAs showed down-regulation in the ovaries, while another 60 miRNAs were up-regulated.

3. Combining the results of the expression of target gene measurements and pathway enrichment analyses, it was revealed that some DEmiRNAs from the gonad samples involved in sexual differentiation and development (such as cli-miR-210-3p and cli-miR-214-3p) could down-regulate AR (androgen receptor). Cli-miR-181b-5p, cli-miR-9622-3p and cli-miR-145-5p were highly expressed in both the ovaries and testes, which could co-target HOXC9, and were related to regulation of primary metabolic processes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEmiRNAs may play biological and sex-related roles in pigeon gonads.

4. The expression profiles of testicular and ovarian miRNA in adult pigeon gonads are presented for the first time, and the findings may contribute to a better understanding of gonadal expression in poultry.     

Differential expression of Wilms’ tumour 1 gene in porcine urogenital organs during development

Wilms’ tumour 1 gene (WT1) is essential for the development of mammalian urogenital system. However, the expression pattern of WT1 in the development of porcine urogenital organs is still unclear. Here, we examined the expression of WT1 mRNA and protein in porcine kidneys, ovaries and testes from embryonic days 35 and 60 (E35d, E60d, n = 3) to the newborn (0d, n = 4) and adult (210d, n = 3) stages, using real‐time PCR and immunofluorescent staining. Real‐time PCR analysis showed that porcine kidneys, ovaries and testes all expressed high level of WT1 mRNAs, especially in adult testes (p < 0.05 or 0.01 vs. kidney and ovary, respectively). Morphologically, characteristic microstructures of the kidneys, ovaries and testes were observed and discerned at all four stages. Immunofluorescently, WT1 expression was detected in a dynamic and context‐specific pattern during the development of these organs. Taken together, porcine urogenital organs express relatively high levels of WT1 mRNA. Dynamical and context‐specific expression profile of WT1 in these organs occurs during their development, implying its close association with the development and function of porcine kidney, ovary and testis.     

不同产羔数绵羊性腺轴比较转录组研究

试验通过对巴美肉羊性腺轴进行转录组分析,旨在挖掘影响多羔性状的关键功能基因。分别选取双羔组巴美肉羊5只、单羔组4只,利用转录组测序（RNA-Seq）技术对下丘脑、垂体、卵巢转录组文库进行测序,然后对得到的测序数据进行生物信息学分析。测序数据经过质量控制后,27个样品共得到112 Gb的有效数据。差异基因分析表明,与单羔组相比,双羔组下丘脑中,上调表达基因111个,下调表达基因106个;垂体组织中,上调表达基因97个,下调表达基因142个;卵巢组织中,上调表达基因182个,下调表达基因67个。功能富集性分析表明,神经活性的配体－受体相互作用信号通路在下丘脑－垂体－卵巢性腺轴调控排卵及卵泡发育方面发挥着重要的调控作用。通过不同产羔数巴美肉羊性腺轴比较转录组研究,提供了全部的转录本信息,筛选了影响产羔数的相关功能基因,丰富和补充了绵羊基因组信息,为进一步阐明绵羊繁殖力差异的分子机制奠定基础。     

中国美利奴羊PROP1和PRLR基因的表达分析

本研究旨在探讨PROP1和PRLR基因在绵羊不同组织中的表达差异及其发育变化规律。利用荧光实时定量PCR技术分析了PROP1和PRLR基因在中国美利奴成年母羊13种组织中的表达谱信息,并检测了垂体组织中PROP1基因和垂体、卵巢、睾丸和皮肤组织中PRLR基因在0、7、14、30、60和90日龄时表达水平的发育变化。结果表明:PROP1基因仅在绵羊垂体组织中表达;而PRLR基因在绵羊各种组织中广泛表达,且在子宫和下丘脑组织中的表达量高于其它组织(P<0.01)。垂体组织中的PROP1基因表达量较低,在7日龄高于30(P<0.01)、14和60日龄(P<0.05)。垂体组织中PRLR基因表达量在30日龄时最高,之后急剧下降,各日龄间无差异(P>0.05);在卵巢组织中从7日龄起呈先下降后上升的趋势,90日龄高于0(P<0.01)、14和30日龄(P<0.05);在睾丸组织中总体呈上升趋势;在皮肤组织中呈现为生长前期高于后期的趋势(P<0.01)。绵羊PROP1和PRLR基因表达存在明显的组织表达差异和发育变化差异;PROP1和PRLR基因的表达可能对绵羊繁殖等性状的发育有一定的调节作用。     

Expression and subcellular localization of GSE protein in germ cells and preimplantation embryos

We previously identified a novel gonad-specific expression gene (Gse) and investigated its expression during gametogenesis in the mouse testis and ovary. In this study, we generated a polyclonal antibody to GSE protein and determined the profiles of the protein's expression in germ cells and preimplantation embryos in detail using immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence staining. In a Western blot analysis, the anti-GSE antibody recognized long and short isoforms (approximately 27.6 kDa and 23.1 kDa) of the protein in the mouse testis and the long isoform in the ovary. In the mouse testis, GSE protein was expressed in spermatocytes I in the pachytene stage, round spermatids, and elongated spermatids. In the mouse ovary, the protein was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of all oocytes regardless of the stage of the ovarian follicles. In preimplantation embryos from the pronuclear to blastocyst stage, however, GSE protein was mainly detected in the nuclei of cells. At the blastocyst stage, the protein was confirmed to have accumulated in the inner cell mass (ICM), whereas it had mostly disappeared from the trophectoderm (TE). These findings suggest that GSE protein may play a role in the establishment of nuclear totipotency and may be associated with early lineage specification.     

不同产蛋水平肉种鸡繁殖性能、肠道组织形态、卵巢功能和盲肠微生物区系差异研究

本研究旨在比较不同产蛋水平肉种鸡繁殖性能、肠道组织形态、卵巢功能和盲肠微生物区系的差异。试验选用5000只同栋舍37周龄的爱拔益加父母代肉种鸡,记录2周内每只肉种鸡的产蛋率、受精率和孵化率,分别筛选出高和平均2种不同产蛋水平的肉种鸡各90只,设为2个组,分别为平均产蛋率组[AR组,产蛋率(79.34±0.49)%]和高产蛋率组[HR组,产蛋率(90.03±0.34)%],每组10个重复,每个重复9只鸡。预试期2周,正试期6周。结果表明:与AR组相比,HR组肉种鸡产蛋率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高(P<0.05),血清谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),空肠绒毛高度显著降低(P<0.05),回肠隐窝深度显著升高(P<0.05),卵巢细胞凋亡率极显著降低(P<0.01),卵巢促凋亡蛋白半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶9(caspase 9)、卵泡发育相关蛋白骨形态发生蛋白受体1B(BMPR1B)、家鸡新型类催乳素(PRL?L)和转录因子GATA4表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),盲肠厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),盲肠拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。肉种鸡盲肠拟杆菌门相对丰度与卵巢BMPR1B和GATA4表达水平呈显著负相关(P<0.05),盲肠厚壁菌门相对丰度与卵巢BMPR1B、GATA4表达水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),盲肠乳杆菌属相对丰度与卵巢caspase 9、BMPR1B、GATA4、PRL?L表达水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),盲肠螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)相对丰度与卵巢GATA4表达水平呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上所述,本试验结果表明,不同产蛋水平肉种鸡肠道组织形态、盲肠微生物区系和卵巢功能存在显著差异,盲肠厚壁菌门和乳杆菌属相对丰度与高繁殖性能密切相关。     

水禽StAR基因克隆、表达及其对睾丸发育的影响

旨在获取水禽StAR基因的结构和组织表达规律，初步了解其对水禽睾丸发育的影响。本研究选取山麻鸭和狮头鹅的下丘脑和睾丸组织为材料，克隆StAR基因，并采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测该基因在山麻鸭和狮头鹅不同组织中的表达规律，并进一步比较该基因在不同时期鹅睾丸组织中的表达差异。本试验克隆获得鸭StAR基因3个转录本（dSTAR-A、dSTAR-B和dSTAR-C），dSTAR-A和dSTAR-B编码序列相同，编码283个氨基酸，而dSTAR-C编码238个氨基酸；获得鹅STAR基因两个转录本（gSTAR-A和gSTAR-B），均编码283个氨基酸。比对分析发现，鸭和鹅StAR氨基酸序列与其他禽类的同源性较高，在物种间的保守性高。StAR基因在鸭和鹅的各个组织中均有表达，其中在睾丸中表达量最高，在腹脂、胸肌和腿肌也有较高的表达水平。比较不同时期公鹅的睾丸，发现该基因在3岁龄时表达水平极显著高于1和52日龄（P<0.01），且在成年公鹅繁殖期的表达水平极显著高于休产期（P<0.01）。结果表明，StAR基因可能是鹅睾丸发育所必需的关键基因，并参与成年公鹅繁殖性能的调控。     

A Proposed Role for VEGF Isoforms in Sex-Specific Vasculature Development in the Gonad

Many scientists have expended efforts to determine what regulates development of an indifferent gonad into either a testis or ovary. Expression of Sry and upregulation of Sox9 are factors that initiate formation of the testis-specific pathway to allow for both sex-specific vasculature and seminiferous cord formation. Migration of mesonephric precursors of peritubular myoid cells and endothelial cells into the differentiating testis is a critical step in formation of both of these structures. Furthermore, these events appear to be initiated downstream from Sry expression. Sertoli cell secretion of growth factors acts to attract these mesonephric cells. One hypothesis is that a growth factor specific for these cell linages act in concert to coordinate migration of both peritubular and endothelial cells. A second hypothesis is that several growth factors stimulate migration and differentiation of mesonephric 'stem-like' cells to result in migration and differentiation into several different cell lineages. While the specific mechanism is unclear, several growth factors have been implicated in the initiation of mesonephric cell migration. This review will focus on the proposed mechanisms of a growth factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and how different angiogenic and inhibitory isoforms from this single gene may aid in development of testis-specific vascular development.     

催青温度对家蚕二化性品种丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶基因(BmPDK)表达的影响

丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶(PDK)在生物体的新陈代谢中具有重要的生理功能。为了探讨家蚕(Bombyx mori)PDK基因的表达特性,用蛾区半分法将二化性家蚕品种的活化越年卵(丙2期)分别以常温(25℃)光照和低温(15℃)黑暗催青,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术检测分析2种温度催青处理后家蚕不同发育阶段和不同组织的BmPDK表达水平。常温光照催青区BmP-DK的表达水平表现出发育时期和组织差异:胚胎发育阶段BmPDK在己4期的表达水平最高,其次是戊2、己3和己5期;幼虫发育阶段BmPDK的表达水平在蚁蚕期极显著高于其它龄期,5龄期在卵巢和精巢的表达水平高于其它组织;蛹期BmPDK的表达水平比其它发育时期低;成虫期的表达水平与胚胎发育末期相当,其中雌蛾的脂肪体和卵巢中BmPDK的表达水平较高。推测BmPDK在家蚕胚胎发育末期及产卵过程中有重要作用。催青温度影响BmPDK在家蚕各发育时期及卵巢组织中的表达水平:胚胎发育阶段戊2期BmPDK的表达水平为常温催青区显著高于低温催青区,己3～己5期常温催青区BmPDK的表达呈低-高-低的趋势,而低温催青区则呈上升趋势;蚁蚕期BmPDK表达水平为低温催青区极显著低于常温催青区;蛹期和成虫期卵巢中,常温催青区BmPDK的表达水平极显著高于低温催青区。催青温度对二化性家蚕BmPDK的表达的影响主要出现在胚胎戊2期、胚胎己3期～蚁蚕期、蛹期、成虫期。     

草原红牛不同组织雄激素受体基因表达量检测及比较研究

采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测雄激素受体基因(Androgen receptor gene,AR)在草原红牛公牛和母牛多种组织中的表达情况,探讨该基因在草原红牛公牛和母牛不同组织中的表达差异.结果表明,AR基因在所检测的公牛和母牛的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肠、胃及睾丸(卵巢)等8种组织中均有表达,且肝脏中的表达量高于其他组织;草原红牛公牛和母牛相同组织闻比较结果显示:AR基因在草原红牛公牛肝脏中表达量与母牛相比较差异不显著,其他不同组织间表达量均有显著差异(P<0.05),且公牛各组织中的表达量均高于母牛.本试验为深入研究AR基因的生物学功能及了解该基因对不同性别个体肉质性状的形成的作用机制奠定了基础.