羊体内寄生虫的驱虫试验

为进一步做好寄生虫病防控工作,保证驱虫药品的生物安全,确保驱虫药品防治效果。本试验采用口服伊维菌素溶液、阿苯达唑混悬液、吡喹酮片、伊维菌素-阿苯达唑混悬液和伊维菌素-吡喹酮纳米乳等5种驱虫药的方式,对羊体内寄生虫进行了驱虫试验。结果表明:5种药物的虫卵减少率达83%以上,且伊维菌素-阿苯达唑混悬液和伊维菌素-吡喹酮纳米乳虫卵减少率分别为96.07%和95.56%,对照组前后两次粪检虫卵数无明显变化。说明5种药物均具有良好的驱虫效果,且复方制剂驱虫效果优于单方制剂驱虫效果,羊体重增重效果更佳。复方制剂具有疗效更佳、安全性高、价格低廉、驱虫谱更广等特点,具有更好的经济效益。     

伊维菌素和双羟萘酸噻嘧啶对圈养大熊猫西氏贝蛔虫驱除试验

西氏贝蛔虫(Baylisascaris schroederi)是大熊猫体内最常见的一种寄生虫,对野生及圈养大熊猫危害很大,采用药物驱虫是目前控制圈养大熊猫蛔虫病的主要措施。为了评价伊维菌素和噻嘧啶对大熊猫西氏贝蛔虫的驱虫效果,本试验使用伊维菌素(膏剂,0.2 mg/kg体重,每天1次,连用2 d)、伊维菌素(片剂,0.2 mg/kg体重,每天1次,连用2 d)和双羟萘酸噻嘧啶(膏剂,10 mg/kg体重,每天1次,连用2 d)对雅安碧峰峡基地的圈养大熊猫进行了驱虫试验。在驱虫前3天和驱虫后10~15天采集大熊猫粪样,采用饱和硫酸镁离心漂浮法检测蛔虫卵,对阳性粪样进行虫卵定量测定,并通过计算虫卵转阴率评估驱虫效果。结果:伊维菌素(膏剂)组、伊维菌素(片剂)组和双羟萘酸噻嘧啶(膏剂)组的虫卵转阴率分别为44.44%、0.00%和80.00%。试验结果表明:双羟萘酸噻嘧啶(膏剂)对大熊猫蛔虫驱虫效果较好,伊维菌素(膏剂)对大熊猫蛔虫驱虫效果较差,伊维菌素(片剂)对大熊猫蛔虫驱虫效果最差。     

伊维菌素干混悬剂对羊狂蝇蛆的驱杀效果试验

选择自然感染羊狂蝇蛆绵羊131只,分别按体重0.1,0.2和0.3mg/kg剂量口服伊维菌素干混悬剂,进行驱除效果观察,同时设空白对照组。结果表明,口服伊维菌素干混悬剂0.2,0.3mg/kg剂量组绵羊的羊狂蝇蛆驱净率和驱虫率均达100%。口服0.1mg/kg剂量组绵羊的羊狂蝇蛆驱净率93.9%、驱虫率98.6%。试验证明伊维菌素干混悬剂对羊狂蝇蛆驱虫效果明显,临床使用0.2mg/kg体重剂量高效安全。     

广西圈养山羊蠕虫驱虫模式的探讨

为了制定适应于广西山区圈养山羊的驱虫模式,笔者试验采用芬苯达唑和伊维菌素肠溶微囊剂型进行蠕虫驱虫,比较其与传统药物丙硫苯咪唑的驱虫效果,旨在探讨最佳使用剂量和方法,建立新的驱虫模式,为指导广西圈养山羊驱虫提供科学依据。     

广西圈养山羊蠕虫驱虫模式的探讨

为了制定适应于广西山区圈养山羊的驱虫模式,笔者试验采用芬苯达唑和伊维菌素肠溶微囊剂型进行蠕虫驱虫,比较其与传统药物丙硫苯咪唑的驱虫效果,旨在探讨最佳使用剂量和方法,建立新的驱虫模式,为指导广西圈养山羊驱虫提供科学依据。     

国产伊维菌素注射液对绵羊羊狂蝇第一期幼虫的驱虫试验

国产伊维菌素注射液对绵羊羊狂蝇第一期幼虫的驱虫试验为了验证国产伊维菌素对绵羊体外奇生虫的驱虫效果，作者于１９９４年９月在西宁北川地区对当地绵羊外寄生虫的感染情况调查的基础上进行了本项试验，试验选羊狂蝇蛆病病羊１００只，试验药物为上海兽药厂产１％伊维菌...     

兽医治疗羊螨病的具体方法

本文通过选取90头患有羊螨病的羊,将其分为甲、乙、丙三组,每组30头.甲组为对照组,不进行任何治疗干预,乙组的羊使用驱虫散和伊维菌素药物,丙组采用阿苯达唑伊维菌素片.最后把三组病羊的治疗效果进行对比.通过分析最终结果,乙组的治疗疗效更为理想.因此,可以得出中西医结合治疗羊螨病是最为有效的治疗方法,可以增强驱虫效果.     

几种药物驱虫效果及对山羊生产的影响

为了研究几种药物的驱虫效果以及药物对山羊生产的影响,分别对阿苯达唑50mg/kg;依维菌素注射液0.2 mg/kg;吡喹酮片50 mg/kg;以上三种药物进行驱虫试验。实验结果表明:驱虫羊的增重速度显著高于不驱虫羊;从增重效果来看,以阿苯达为最佳,驱虫效果最佳的是伊维菌素,因此,建议龙里县选择阿苯达+伊维菌素驱虫药物组合进行大面积推广。     

伊维菌素注射剂对绵羊羊狂蝇蛆的驱除效果研究

应用伊维菌素注射剂,选择自然感染羊狂蝇蛆的绵羊80只,分别按0.1、0.2和0.3 mg/kg体重皮下注射,进行驱除效果观察,同时设阳性对照组。结果表明,伊维菌素注射剂0.2、0.3 mg/kg剂量组对羊狂蝇蛆的驱净率和驱虫率均达100%;0.1 mg/kg剂量组的驱净率为90.0%、驱虫率为97.7%。试验结果证明伊维菌素注射剂3个试验剂量驱除羊狂蝇蛆均高效安全,且使用0.2 mg/kg剂量可达100%的驱除效果。     

中西联合用药治疗羊螨病的方法

目的:探讨治疗羊螨病运用中西医联合用药的临床诊断价值.方法:选取180头在养殖场内患有羊螨病的绵羊,随机分为三组,每组各为60头,分别为对照组、试验1组、试验2组.将伊维菌素为试验1组的绵羊注射,并将驱虫散拌入到饲料中;将阿维菌素B和阿苯达哇的混合药为物试验2组的绵羊注射,并将驱虫散拌入饲料中.对照组绵羊不采取任何治疗措施.给药完成后3组绵羊分开饲养,在投药后的第7,30,40 d,对是否有虫体寄生在羊体表和头部进行观察,对3组绵羊的螨病治愈率和虫体转阴率进行观察.结果:试验组1羊螨病病采用伊维菌素联合驱虫散治疗.取得了显著的疗效,和试验组2和对照组绵羊相比,螨虫病治愈率和虫体转阴率均均显著增高,且P<0.05具有统计学意义.和对照组2组相比,试验组2的螨虫病治愈率和虫体转阴率均显著增高,且P<0.05,具有统计学意义.结论:羊螨病运用传统西药和复方中药联合治疗,临床效果非常显著.在使寄生虫的驱虫效果提升的同时,还可实现羊螨病运用中西联合投药的治疗效果.     

不同驱虫药物对奶山羊消化道线虫驱虫效果研究

本研究旨在观察不同驱虫药物对奶山羊消化道线虫的驱虫效果,为今后寄生虫病的防治筛选更好的驱虫药物。选取奶山羊96只,分3组,每组32只,分别投喂伊维菌素注射液、芬苯达唑粉和伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂3种驱虫药物,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特法检测驱虫前后线虫的感染情况。结果发现:伊维菌素注射液组虫卵转阴率为6.25%;芬苯达唑粉剂组虫卵转阴率为31.25%;伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂组虫卵转阴率为50.00%。驱虫前后感染强度伊维菌素注射液组差异显著(P<0.05),芬苯达唑粉剂组差异极显著(P<0.01),伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂组差异极显著(P<0.01)。因此,建议采用伊维菌素芬苯达唑预混剂作为奶山羊消化道线虫首选驱虫药物。     

复方伊维菌素乳液在山羊体内的药代动力学研究

为了探讨复方伊维菌素乳液在动物体内的药物代谢,为兽医临床提供用药参考。试验选取7只山羊,每只山羊按0.1 mL/kg (伊维菌素0.2 mg/kg, 阿苯达唑10 mg/kg)剂量口服,给药后0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8、12、16、24、36、48、60 h颈静脉采血5 mL,分离血清,-20 ℃保存,用高效液相色谱仪检测样品血药浓度。试验结果表明,①伊维菌素在山羊体内的代谢情况为：0.5 h,0.112151 μg/mL; 第1次达峰时间为4 h, 0.302702 μg/mL;第2次达峰时间为16 h,0.258284 μg/mL;60 h,0.011118 μg/mL。②阿苯达唑在山羊体内的代谢情况为：0.5 h, 0.049285 μg/mL;第1次达峰时间为8 h,4.95283 μg/mL ;第2次达峰时间为16 h,5.694551 μg/mL;60 h,0.06434 μg/mL。复方伊维菌素中的伊维菌素和阿苯达唑在山羊体内代谢时间短,第60小时已达到很低的血药浓度。     

The use of avermectins in two goats with demodicosis

This case report describes the treatment of demodicosis (Demodex caprae) in 2 goats. The entire body surface of both goats was scattered with lens-large nodes from which pasty secretion emptied itself during palpation. One goat was administered 0.67 mg/kg Ivermectin orally once weekly for 12 weeks, the other goat was treated with 0.5 mg/kg Eprinomectin pour-on. The treatment led to an entire healing without any scar formation or depigmentations of the skin.     

Cerebrospinal nematodiasis in a goat herd

During the fall of 1985, 4 Angora goats, from a herd of 40, were examined on a farm in central Michigan. Affected goats were alert but had neurologic deficits consistent with upper and lower moto neuron involvement. Eosinophilic pleocytosis in a cerebrospinal fluid sample from one goat was consistent with cerebrospinal nematodiasis. Parelaphostrongylosis was confirmed in 3 goats by identification of Parelaphostrongylosis tenuis larvae in spinal cord sections. Ivermectin may have influenced the herd's susceptibility to new parasitic infections. Control of parelaphostrongylosis probably is best achieved by removal of susceptible animals from treed swamps coinhabited by white-tailed deer from late summer until after the first killing frost.     

Influence of the route of administration on efficacy and tissue distribution of ivermectin in goat

The tissue concentration and efficacy of ivermectin after per os and subcutaneous administration were compared in goats experimentally infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis (ivermectin-susceptible strain, INRA). Infected goats (n = 24) were treated per os (n = 9) or subcutaneously (n = 9) with ivermectin, 0.2 mg/kg, or kept as not treated controls. The faecal egg counts and small intestine worm counts were determined. Ivermectin concentration was measured in the plasma, gastrointestinal tract, lung, skin or hair, liver and adipose tissues at 0, 2, 7 and 17 days post-treatment. The efficacy of ivermectin against T. colubriformis infection in goat was 98.7 and 99.9% for subcutaneous and oral administration, respectively. Ivermectin concentration declined with time and only residual concentration was measured at 17 days post-treatment in plasma and gastrointestinal tract. Ivermectin concentration was higher after subcutaneous compared to per os injection in most of the tissue examined. In skin, hair and subcutaneous adipose tissue ivermectin persisted at significant concentrations 17 days post-treatment for both routes of administration. In our experimental conditions, ivermectin provides similar efficacy against T. colubriformis after subcutaneous or per os administration in goat. However, the lower ivermectin levels in tissues after per os administration suggest that the lasting of efficacy may be shortened after per os compared to subcutaneous administration especially in animals with poor body condition in pasture where re-infection occurs quickly after anthelmintic treatment.     

The comparative efficacy of four broad spectrum anthelmintics against some experimentally induced trichostrongylid infections in sheep and goats

A controlled slaughter trial was undertaken to compare the efficacies of oxfendazole (5 mg/kg), morantel citrate (10 mg/kg), levamisole (8 mg/kg) and ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) against experimentally induced infections of adult Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia spp., Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Cooperiacurticei in sheep and goats. Ivermectin and oxfendazole achieved similar levels of efficacy in both hosts against all four worm genera as did levamisole and mortantel against H. contortus and C. curticei. Against Ostertagia spp. and T. colubriformis, however, the latter two drugs were less effective in goats than sheep. Neither the numbers of Ostertagia spp. removed from goats by levamisole (81% reduction) nor the numbers of T. colubriformis removed from goats by morantel (56% reduction) were statistically significant (P>0.05).     

伊维菌素脂质体的急性毒性试验

为了解伊维菌素脂质体的毒性，将伊维菌素脂质体给试验小鼠按一定浓度一次腹腔注射，连续观察7-14d，用改良寇氏法计算半数致死量（LD50）及95％的可信限，并在同一方法和条件下与伊维菌素注射剂相比较。结果表明，伊维菌素脂质体（脂质体组）的LD50（92．1516mg／kg．BW）显著高于伊维菌素注射剂（原药组）的LD50（24．2493mg／kg．BW），是原药组的3．80倍。证明伊维菌素脂质体的毒性更低，刺激性更小，安全范围更广。     

Failure of ivermectin and eprinomectin to control Amblyomma parvum in goats: characterization of acaricidal activity and drug pharmacokinetic disposition

The therapeutic efficacies of ivermectin (subcutaneous injection) and eprinomectin (topical treatment) given at two different dosage levels to goats naturally infested with Amblyomma parvum were assessed. Treatments included subcutaneous injection of ivermectin at 0.2 and 0.4mg/kg and extra-label pour-on administration of eprinomectin at 0.5 and 1mg/kgb.w. Ivermectin and eprinomectin failed to control Amblyomma parvum on goats. Treatment with ivermectin resulted in a low number of engorged female ticks in relation to untreated control goats and, at the highest dose rate (0.4mg/kg), the female engorgement weights were significantly lower and the pre-oviposition period significantly longer than those observed in ticks recovered from untreated control goats. The tick efficacy assessment was complemented in a separate group of tick-free goats with a pharmacokinetic characterization of eprinomectin (topically administered at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mg/kg) and ivermectin (subcutaneous treatment given at (0.2 and 0.4mg/kg) in goats. Heparinized blood samples were taken between 0 and 21 days post-treatment. Higher and more persistent drug plasma concentrations were recovered after the subcutaneous treatment with ivermectin compared to those obtained for eprinomectin topically administered. The understanding of the relationship among the pattern of drug absorption, the kinetic disposition and the resultant clinical efficacy is relevant to improve the poor performance observed for ivermectin and eprinomectin against A. parvum on goats.     

新一代驱虫抗生素—莫西菌素

莫西菌素同伊维菌素一样 ,是一种目前广泛用于兽医临床的广谱、高效、新型大环内酯类驱虫抗生素 ,是美贝霉素家族中的一员。由于其独特的理化性质 ,在国外 ,已被广泛用于治疗奶牛、猪等动物体内外寄生虫病。文章对莫西菌素的理化特性、作用机制、药动学、制剂、药效、耐药性、毒性、残留等进行了较详细地综述 ,同时也介绍了减少耐药性产生的一些方法 ,为该药能在国内应用提供第一手资料 ,以求为兽医临床用药提供参考     

Resistance of Teladorsagia circumcincta in goats to ivermectin in the Netherlands

Resistance of Teladorsagia circumcincta in goats to ivermectin In 2005, suspected ivermectin resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes was investigated in 17 goats on a farm in the Netherlands, using a faecal egg count reduction test combined with faecal larval cultures. Eight goats were treated orally with 0.2 mg/ kg ivermectin on 1 August 2005 and the other nine goats served as untreated controls. Faeces were collected from all goats on 1 August and on 12 August. Faecal egg counts were reduced by 80.6% in goats receiving ivermectin. On the basis of faecal larval cultures and the egg counts, ivermectin was found to be 100% effective against Haemonchus contortus, 15.0% effective against Teladorsagia circumcincta, and 93.3% effective against Trichostrongylus spp. The effect of levamisole and oxfendazole on gastrointestinal nematodes was also evaluated. Nine goats were treated subcutaneously with 5 mg/kg levamisole and seven goats orally with 4.5 mg/kg oxfendazole on 12 September On the basis of faecal egg counts performed on 12 and 22 September, levamisole reduced the total egg count by 95.4% and oxfendazole reduced the egg count by 85.8%. Differentiation of pooled faecal larval cultures revealed that levamisole was 99.9% effective against H. contortus, 81.9% effective against T. circumcincta, and 99.5% against Trichostrongylus spp. Oxfendazole was 75.5% effective against H. contortus, 33.2% effective against T. circumcincta, and 100% effective against Trichostrongylus spp. On 28 October the nine goats that were still present on the farm were orally treated with 0.4 mg/kg ivermectin. Faecal egg counts and differentiation of pooled larval cultures of faecal samples collected on 28 October and 9 November, respectively, revealed that total egg counts were reduced by 93.1%. Ivermectin was 49.1% effective against T. circumcincta but 100% effective against H. contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. Thus H. contortus appears to be resistant to oxfendazole and T. circumcinta appears to be resistant to oxfendazole and ivermectin. This is the first documented case of ivermectin resistance of a gastrointestinal nematode of small ruminants in the Netherlands.