大豆食心虫发生数量预测预报技术的研究

本文是以周期图分析方法研究分析了大豆食心虫数量消长规律,阐明了大豆食心虫数量消长随时间序列呈七年为周期变化,并建立了数量消长的数学模式。 以周期消长规律作大豆食心虫发生量的趋势预报的依据,同时引入当年七月份降水和平均相对湿度作为发生量判别式的主导因子。建立了发生量的预报方程,以预报方程作发生量的预报工具,经实际预报指导大面积防治,检验其预报的效果。实践证明发生量预报方法简单、易行、准确可靠。     

玉米全基因组批量化SSR多态性标记开发及PCR扩增验证

简单序列重复在真核生物的基因组中含量非常丰富,且常常随机、均匀分布于整个基因组中。SSR标记广泛应用于动、植物基因定位、群体遗传多样性分析、遗传连锁图谱构建、指纹图谱构建、种质鉴定、分子标记辅助选择等方向。随着大量全基因组序列的公布,NCBI等数据库中可利用的序列信息量激增。但在常规分子生物学研究中,仍然延续传统的小规模SSR标记开发模式,开发标记数量非常有限、效率较低。结合MISA脚本指令、Primer3引物设计软件、e-PCR特异性扩增分析软件,对玉米全基因组水平SSR位点进行搜索、引物设计、特异性扩增分析以及扩增长度差异分析,开发高密度的SSR标记。通过引物合成、PCR扩增和琼脂糖凝胶电泳,从常规分子生物学水平验证所开发标记的可靠性。     

基于谱分析的中国食糖产量和价格周期波动

采用谱分析的H-P滤波和B-P滤波,对食糖的产量和价格进行定量化处理,分离出食糖产量和价格的周期项,来分析食糖产量和价格周期波动规律。     

油棕EST序列中SSR的分布特征分析

为充分利用现有公共数据库中的EST资源开发EST-SSR引物,本研究从GenBank数据库获取39 227条油棕EST,通过聚类拼接和处理,得到全长为7977.734 kb的无冗余序列15 716条。在这些序列中共检索出699个SSRs,检出率为4.45%,平均11.41 kb出现1个SSR,包括99种重复基元。其中,二核苷酸和三核苷酸重复是主要的类型,分别占总SSRs的38.48%和25.32%。在所有的核苷酸重复基序中,二核苷酸重复序列AG/CT所占比例最高,约占27.47%。Blastx分析发现44.95%的SSR-ESTs与非冗余蛋白质序列数据库(nr)中功能基因同源,功能已知的蛋白质中葡萄来源的SSR-ESTs所占比例最大,为4.42%。同时对54条SSR-ESTs通过GO体系进行功能分类,其中46条能找到同源物,其余8条无同源物,这些序列可划分为18个亚类,在所有功能亚类中,结合活性的功能项和SSR-ESTs数量最多,另外580条未被注释功能信息。本结果将为利用EST-SSR标记来研究油棕基因组学和开展分子育种工作提供参考依据。     

绿豆一些数量性状的遗传

作物的大多数性状均属数量遗传,本文进行一项旨在查明绿豆(Vigna radiata)经济性状的基因效应性质和量值的研究。材料和方法利用H70～21×Pusa Baisakhi与Russian×Pusa Baisakhi的亲本和F_1、F_2及回交一代进行世代平均数分析。在田间,试材按随机区组设计,3次重复。非分离世代为单行区,回交一代和F_2代分别为2行     

中国棉花价格波动特征及趋势分析

 通过计算1999－2011棉花年度中国棉花价格指数CCIndex 328的波动指数、波动系数等价格波动指标,分析了中国棉花价格的波动特征,利用H－P滤波将中国棉花价格指数的时间序列分解成长期趋势分量与短期周期分量,并对周期分量进行频谱过滤。结果显示,流通体制改革以来,中国棉花价格具有波动性、季节性特征,从中长期趋势分析认为未来几年内国内棉花价格可能重新进入小幅变动阶段,短期内棉花价格可能出现反弹。     

稻瘟病菌不同拼接版本基因组序列差异性比较

为了明确稻瘟病菌不同拼接版本基因组序列的差异,促进合理利用不同拼接版本基因组序列,比较了不同版本稻瘟病菌基因组数据库微卫星序列的分布情况,功能基因的位置及长度差异,SSR引物的位置差异等。结果表明,不同基因组数据库在序列长度上差异明显,功能基因的位置、SSR引物位置和SSR核苷酸重复类型数量也差异明显。无毒基因Avr-Pizt连锁标记比较分析表明Avr-Pizt基因定位在不同数据库中差别明显。不同稻瘟病菌数据库中,第7染色体的序列与其上的BAC序列之间差异显著,虽然这不影响功能基因的分析,但影响无毒基因图位克隆的定位区间的判断。因此,稻瘟病菌研究者应根据实际情况选择相应的数据库。     

玉米基因组重复序列的研究进展

玉米基因组中大部分是重复序列。重复序列可分为两种类型:一种为串联重复序列,另一种为散在重复序列。串联重复序列主要分布在染色质纽、核仁组织区、着丝粒和端粒区域,还有一些短的串联重复序列随机分布于基因组中。散在重复序列主要是可转移因子,可转移因子分为转座子和返座子两种类型。文中综述了玉米基因组中各种重复序列的研究进展。     

木荷基因组 SSR 位点开发及初步分析

为开发木荷分子标记,采用高通量测序技术获得木荷基因组原始数据,经生物信息学软件对木荷基因组序列进行序列拼接、组装和对比,共获得 308 418 条 Contig 序列和 459 984 条 Scafford 序列。采用 MISA 软件搜索木荷基因组序列中微卫星（Microsatellite）位点,共得到 334 843 个 SSR 序列,总长度 5 074 708 bp,占木荷基因组大小的 0.98%,木荷基因组 SSR 序列平均长度为 15.2 bp,平均分布频率为 644 个/Mb。木荷 SSR 序列中,单核苷酸序列数量最多,共 188 217 个,占木荷 SSR 序列总数的 56.21%,其次是二核苷酸（23%）>三核苷酸（13%） >四核苷酸（5%）>五核苷酸（2%）>六核苷（1%）。木荷全基因组 SSR 序列中共包括 400 种重复基元,其中单核苷酸重复基元 A 和二核苷酸重复基元 AT 是主要重复基元,分别占总 SSR 的 56%和 11%,SSR 基元的重复次数分布在 4~40 次,主要分布在 4~25 次。本研究丰富了木荷分子标记类型,为进一步群体遗传结构和遗传多样性分析提供了基础数据。     

几种分子标记方法在杨树遗传研究上的应用

在概述分子遗传标记的基础上,综述了限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)、随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)、扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)、简单序列重复(SSR)、相关序列多态性分析(SRAP)、表达序列标签(EST)和单核苷酸多态性(SNP)几种分子标记的特点与应用概况.并综合国内外杨树遗传研究的现状,展望了其前景.     

水稻显性小粒基因Mi3(t)的遗传定位

 对一份水稻小粒材料Y34进行了遗传研究及基因定位。Y34与长粒型水稻蜀恢881和蜀恢527的杂交F1表现为小粒，表明小粒性状受完全显性基因控制；同时，其F2群体小粒性状遗传分离规律均符合3∶1的分离比例，表明小粒性状受１对显性基因控制。利用蜀恢881/Y34 F2群体和微卫星标记，将该基因定位在第3染色体短臂上RM6283和RM282两个标记之间，其遗传距离分别为0.9 cM和5.1 cM，并将该基因初步命名为Mi3(t)。     

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of Dominant Minute Grain Gene Mi3（t） in Rice

Grain size, determined chiefly by grain length, is one of the main factors affecting the grain yield in rice production. To study the trait of rice grain size, F1 and F2 populations were developed from crosses Shuhui 881/Y34 and Shuhui 527/Y34, and genetic analysis for minute grain was performed. The F1 populations showed minute grains, and grain size segregations in the two F2 populations were both in accordance with the ratio of 3：1, indicating that minute grain in Y34 was controlled by a completely dominant gene. By using the F2 population from Shuhui 881/Y34, this dominant gene, tentatively designated as Mi3（t）, was mapped based on SSR markers in the interval between RM282 （genetic distance of 5.1 cM） and RM6283 （genetic distance of 0.9 cM） on the short arm of chromosome 3.     

野生马铃薯抗PVY材料的鉴定与筛选

通过人工接种的方法对5类野生马铃薯材料进行了马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)的抗性鉴定和筛选。它们对PVY抗性存在明显的差异,其中Solanum stoloniferum(S.A2)×S.stenotomum(104)和S.stoloniferum(S.A5)×S.stenotomum(105)组合抗性最强,属于抗病群体,S.chacoense×S.stenotomum(103)组合属于中抗群体,S.chacoense(102)和S.demissum(101)组合属于感病群体。并从中筛选出一批抗PVY的育种材料:0级抗性材料108份,1级抗病材料56份,3级抗病材料94份。     

玉米孤雌生殖单倍体诱导性状的遗传分析

运用主基因-多基因混合遗传模型理论,对构建的玉米常规自交系与单倍体诱导系杂交组合群体A(四-287×Y11)和两个单倍体诱导系杂交组合群体B(Y6×Y11)的F2世代的单倍体诱导性状的遗传进行研究。结果表明,群体A的单倍体诱导性状遗传由两个主基因控制,表现加性-显性效应,遗传率达91.27%;群体B检测到1个主基因,表现加性-显性效应,遗传率为38.86%,群体B的诱导率遗传主要由主基因和多个微效基因共同作用。     

Molecular mapping of the hybrid necrosis gene NetJingY176 in Aegilops tauschii using microsatellite markers

The rich genetic variation preserved in collections of Aegilops tauschii can be readily exploited to improve common wheat using synthetic hexaploid wheat lines. However,hybrid necrosis, which is characterized by progressive death of leaves or plants, has been observed in certain interspecific crosses between tetraploid wheat and Ae. tauschii. The aim of this study was to construct a fine genetic map of a gene(temporarily named Net Jing Y176)conferring hybrid necrosis in Ae. tauschii accession Jing Y176. A triploid F1 population derived from distant hybridization between Ae. tauschii and tetraploid wheat was used to map the gene with microsatellite markers. The newly developed markers Xsdau K539 and Xsdau K561 co-segregated with Net Jing Y176 on chromosome arm 2DS. The tightly linked markers developed in this study were used to genotype 91 Ae. tauschii accessions. The marker genotype analysis suggested that 49.45% of the Ae. tauschii accessions carry Net Jing Y176. Interestingly, hybrid necrosis genotypes tended to appear more commonly in Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii than in Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata.     

超强吸水材料SP在小麦上的应用研究

1998～1999年以湘麦13号为材料,研究了超强吸水材料SP与营养液和水的配合使用对小麦的出叶情况和群体动态变化的影响.结果表明SP+肥的处理比对照提前7d出苗,提前分蘖20d,平均出叶天数比对照少6.5d.主茎总叶片数多1.25片.每平方米有效穗数多223株,每平方米产量高75.5g.均显著或极显著高于对照.作为实施节水农业的新材料.SP可在干旱地区和干旱季节广泛试验与应用.     

Development of Temporal Model for Forecasting of Helicoverpa armigera (Noctuidae: Lepidopetra) Using Arima and Artificial Neural Networks

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae: Lepidopetra) is a polyphagous pest of major crops grown in India. To prevent the damage caused by H. armigera farmers rely heavily on insecticides of diverse groups on a regular basis which is not a benign practice, environmentally and economically. To provide more efficient and accurate information on timely application of insecticides, this research was aimed to develop a forecast model to predict population dynamics of pod borer using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The data used in this study were collected from the randomly installed sex pheromone traps at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad. Several ARIMA (p, d, q) (P, D, Q) and ANN models were developed using the historical trap catch data. ARIMA model (1,0,1), (1,0,2) with minimal BIC, RMSE, MAPE, MAE, and MASE values and higher R² value (0.53) was selected as the best ARIMA fit model, and neural network (7-30-1) was found to be the best fit to predict the catches of male moths of pod borer from September 2021 to August 2023. A comparative analysis performed between the ARIMA and ANN, shows that the ANN based on feed forward neural networks is best suited for effective pest prediction. With the developed ARIMA model, it would be easier to predict H. armigera adult population dynamics round the year and timely intervention of control measures can be followed by appropriate decision-making schedule for insecticide application.     

两个水稻亚种间新组合高产形态机理研究

以培矮64S/R 292,Y 58S/R 292为材料,以丰源优299为对照,研究了水稻倒3叶叶长、叶宽、叶片披垂度、叶片卷曲程度等主要形态指标及其与产量的相关性。结果表明：培矮64S/R 292,Y 58S/R 292叶片所处空间层高,叶片卷曲程度大,叶片挺直,不遮阴下部叶片,有效光合面积大,光合态势好。与产量相关性分析表明,倒3叶叶长、叶宽、叶片卷曲度与产量显著正相关,叶片披垂度与产量显著负相关。     

Modelling the impact of climate change on woody plant population dynamics in South African savanna

Background

In Southern Africa savannas climate change has been proposed to alter rainfall, the most important environmental driver for woody plants. Woody plants are a major component of savanna vegetation determining rangeland condition and biodiversity. In this study we use a spatially explicit, stochastic computer model to assess the impact of climate change on the population dynamics of Grewia flava, a common, fleshy-fruited shrub species in the southern Kalahari. Understanding the population dynamics of Grewia flava is a crucial task, because it is widely involved in the shrub/bush encroachment process, a major concern for rangeland management due to its adverse effect on livestock carrying capacity and biodiversity.

Results

For our study we consider four climate change scenarios that have been proposed for the southern Kalahari for the coming decades: (1) an increase in annual precipitation by 30–40%, (2) a decrease by 5–15%, (3) an increase in variation of extreme rainfall years by 10–20%, (4) and increase in temporal auto-correlation, i.e. increasing length and variation of periodic rainfall oscillations related to El Niño/La Niña phenomena. We evaluate the slope z of the time-shrub density relationship to quantify the population trend. For each climate change scenario we then compared the departure of z from typical stable population dynamics under current climatic conditions. Based on the simulation experiments we observed a positive population trend for scenario (1) and a negative trend for scenario (2). In terms of the projected rates of precipitation change for scenario (3) and (4) population dynamics were found to be relatively stable. However, for a larger increase in inter-annual variation or in temporal auto-correlation of rainfall population trends were negative, because favorable rainfall years had a limited positive impact due to the limited shrub carrying capacity.

Conclusions

We conclude that a possible increase in precipitation will strongly facilitate shrub encroachment threatening savanna rangeland conditions and regional biodiversity. Furthermore, the negative effects found for positive auto-correlated rainfall support current ecological theory stating that periodically fluctuating environments can reduce population viability because species suffer disproportionately from poor environmental conditions.     

Y两优5867在尤溪县作烟后稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

Y两优5867系用Y58S与恢复系R674配组而成的两系高产优质杂交稻新品种。2019年引进Y两优5867在尤溪县新阳镇龙益村作烟后稻示范片种植,田间表现米质优,高产稳产,抗病性强,熟期适中,群体结构合理,穗大粒多,较抗叶穗瘟、细条病,后期转色好。适宜在新阳镇低海拔稻区作烟后稻、连作晚稻种植。介绍Y两优5867在新阳镇作烟后稻示范片种植的特征特性及高产栽培技术。