柴达木绒山羊主要数量性状表型相关分析

对柴达山绒山羊母羊的绒层厚度、粗毛长度、产绒量、体重、体长、体高、胸围、管围、体侧部绒纤维伸直长度和绒纤维细度进行了表型相关的测算，结果表明：（1）对育成母羊产绒量影响较大的三个性状按决定系数大小依次为体长、绒层厚度和体侧部绒纤维伸直长度，呈现正向影响；绒层厚度还与体长和绒纤维细度协同产生对产绒量的正向影响；体重和体高对产绒量有较小的负向影响。（2）对成年母羊产绒量影响较大的性状按决定系数大小依次为绒层厚度、体重、粗毛长度、体高、胸围和绒纤维伸直长度，其中粗毛长度和体高呈现负向影响，其余性状为正向影响。     

应用光学显微镜对几种不同毛纤维形态结构的比较研究

应用光学显微镜是目前鉴定动物绒毛纤维较常用的检测手段之一。为鉴定不同的绒纤维,使用光学显微镜对山羊绒、绵羊绒、兔绒、狐绒和驼绒纤维的微观形态进行分析鉴别,研究了各类动物毛纤维的表观形态和微观结构,提出通过比较绒纤维形态结构对5种绒纤维进行鉴别的方法,为相关检验检疫部门对不同毛绒制品进行甄别提供参考依据。     

乌珠穆沁白山羊绒毛品质分析

通过对乌珠穆沁白山羊的绒毛测定和分析,结果显示:乌珠穆沁白山羊绒细度平均为15.62μm;单根纤维强度为5.82g,伸度为44.43%;绒伸直长度为6.05 cm;净绒率为65.61%;绒密度为42.5%.结果表明,乌珠穆沁白山羊具有绒纤维较细、纤维强度和伸度大、净绒率高等优点,具有广阔的市场前景.     

柴达木绒山羊若干数量性状的遗传力和遗传相关估测

依据青海省海西州德令哈市怀头他拉乡１９９９年育种记录,采用单元内半同胞相关法估测成年母羊和育成母羊若干数量性状的遗传力,使用协方差分析估测育成母羊性状间的遗传相关。估测结果表明,成年母羊的体长、体高、粗毛长度和育成母羊的体长、体高、胸围的遗传力高于０．５;绒层厚度、产绒量、体重、绒纤维伸直长度、绒纤维细度和成年母羊的胸围、育成母羊的管围遗传力在０．３１～０．４９范围内,只有育成母羊的粗毛长度低于０．３;育成母羊绒层厚度、体侧部绒纤维伸直长度、绒纤维细度和体长与产绒量之间,体侧部绒纤维伸直长度与细度之间的遗传相关都高于０．２９。     

南疆绒山羊主要经济性状的相关性分析

以南疆绒山羊为试验动物,研究了绒性状与体重之间的相关关系.结果表明,抓绒量(CW)与绒丛长度(LCS)、绒纤维直径之间存在极显著的正相关关系(P＜0.01),与绒洗净率(WCR)、绒纤维直径变异系数(CVDIA)有显著的负相关(P＜0.05);绒洗净率(WCR)、纤维直径变异系数(CVDIA)与绒纤维直径(DIA)呈显著正相关(P＜0.05);绒丛长度(LCS)与体重(BW)为显著正相关(P＜0.01).     

南疆绒山羊主要经济性状的相关性分析

以南疆绒山羊为试验动物,研究了绒性状与体重之间的相关关系。结果表明,抓绒量(CW)与绒丛长度(LCS)、绒纤维直径之间存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),与绒洗净率(WCR)、绒纤维直径变异系数(CVDIA)有显著的负相关(P<0.05);绒洗净率(WCR)、纤维直径变异系数(CVDIA)与绒纤维直径(DIA)呈显著正相关(P<0.05);绒丛长度(LCS)与体重(BW)为显著正相关(P<0.01)。     

不同地区间柴达木绒山羊产绒量及纤维品质比较

在对四个主产区的柴达木绒山羊产绒量及绒样品质进行了测定和分析后发现:四个地区的柴达木绒山羊在产绒量上存在差异极显著(P<0.01)。不同区域间成年公羊在绒纤维伸直长度和细度上差异不显著(P>0.05),不同区域间成年母羊在绒纤维伸直长度上差异极显著(P<0.01),在绒纤维细度上差异不显著(P>0.05)。经过统计分析后认为,德令哈市地区柴达木绒山羊在产绒量和纤维品质方面优于其他三个地区。     

西藏绒山羊绒纤维直径变异的研究

本文研究了西藏绒山羊绒纤维直径的变异。西藏绒山羊在３周岁时绒纤维直径达到最粗,日土型母羊和公差３周差时羊绒平均工为１４．９７和１４．９３μｍ,尼玛型母羊和公差３周岁时差绒平均细度为１３．９３和１３．３５μｍ,公羊的绒纤维直径明显比母羊小。单根纤维不同段间,毛丛内纤维间,体躯不同部位间绒纤维直径具有良好的匀度。     

国内外绒纤维特性研究现状

从绒纤维组织学构造、物理性能、化学组成和生长机理等几个方面论述了国内外绒纤维的研究现状,从而为我国羊绒生产和检测提供依据。     

辽宁绒山羊杂交改良子午岭黑山羊效果分析

为了研究辽宁绒山羊对子午岭黑山羊绒用性能的杂交改良效果,以辽宁绒山羊、子午岭黑山羊和辽宁绒山羊×子午岭黑山羊的杂种绒山羊(简称F_1代杂种绒山羊)作为试验对象,系统测定3个群体的体尺、抓绒后体重、产绒量和绒品质等指标,比较3个群体间的生产性能差异,分析不同羊绒性状之间的表型相关性。结果表明:辽宁绒山羊的体高、体长、胸围、平均纤维直径、抓绒后体重和产绒量均高于F_1代杂种绒山羊和子午岭黑山羊,F_1代杂种绒山羊的体高、体长、胸围、平均纤维直径、抓绒后体重和产绒量分别比子午岭黑山羊高9.5 cm、9 cm、7.1 cm、1.7μm、15.97 kg和424 g。绒山羊抓绒后体重与产绒量(r=0.880)、平均纤维直径(r=0.773)和粗毛数(r=0.354),羊绒平均纤维直径与产绒量(r=0.775)、绒层高度(r=0.475)、粗毛数(r=0.600)和纤维直径标准差(r=0.557)等羊绒性状间呈正相关;平均纤维曲率与体高(r=-0.304)、抓绒后体重(r=-0.395)、产绒量(r=-0.418)、绒层高度(r=-0.547)和平均纤维直径(r=-0.584)等表型性状之间呈较强的负相关。由此表明,辽宁绒山羊杂交改良子午岭黑山羊效果明显,后代的产绒量和抓绒后体重明显提高,但羊绒纤维直径也略微变粗。     

Techniques for objective outcome assessment

Companion animal rehabilitation, a collaborative practice of physical therapy and veterinary medicine, can only demonstrate the effectiveness of its theories, techniques, interventions, and modalities through evidence-based practice, utilizing standardized, reliable, and valid outcome measures, correlated with objective diagnostic data. This essay examines existing and potential objective outcome measures utilized in companion animal rehabilitation and physical therapy regarding pain, vital signs, body condition and composition, range of motion, muscle strength, inflammation, functional mobility, and gait. Discussion is included of the traditional disablement model and the evolution of the physical therapy diagnosis, prognosis, and plan of care.     

新疆伊犁夏牧场铁、铜、锰、锌、硒营养生态环境的研究(Ⅱ)

本试验通过研究伊犁夏牧场不同年龄、不同性别绵羊羊毛与血液中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒5种微量元素的含量及变化规律,为夏季放牧绵羊科学补饲微量元素提供依据。选择在新疆伊犁夏牧场卡拉卓恩(南坡)和唐布拉草地(北坡)1 400~2 999 m垂直带放牧的中国美利奴羊(新疆型)羊毛和血液样品,测定其铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量,并评估其微量元素的营养生态环境。结果表明,放牧绵羊羊毛铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量分别为520.70、3.89、30.16、102.64 mg/kg和41.18 μg/kg,其中铜和硒分别低于正常值48.3%和79.7%,而铁高于正常值603.4%;血液中铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量分别为357.05、4.18、0.25、3.08 mg/L和45.23 μg/L,其中铜、硒分别低于正常值29.9%和73.9%,而铁高于正常值95.5%。羊毛与血液中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒含量均随年龄而增加。不同性别绵羊间血液中锌、硒含量差异明显。     

猪GDF11基因部分序列的克隆及组织表达分析

为了探讨生长分化因子11(Growth differentiation factor11,GDF11,又名BMP11)在胸腰椎数变异中的作用,本试验克隆了该基因包含外显子2在内的部分编码区,并进一步采用RT-PCR技术对其在猪胚胎和初生仔猪中的表达进行了分析。结果表明,在35d的猪胚胎中,后肢、牙龈、脑、肝脏、肾脏、胸椎、腰椎各组织均有明显的表达,而在前肢、眼、心脏、肺脏中的表达较弱,在颈椎和荐尾椎中没有观察到GDF11的表达。在45d猪胚胎的后肢、脑、眼、胸椎组织中GDF11的表达较强,而在前肢、牙龈、肺脏、肾脏、腰椎和荐尾椎的表达相对较弱,在肝脏中的表达极其微弱。在心脏和颈椎中没有检测到GDF11的表达。在55d的猪胚胎中,前肢、后肢、脑、眼、肝脏、颈椎、胸椎、腰椎组织中有明显的表达,肺脏和肾脏组织中的表达较强,牙龈和荐尾椎中的表达较弱,而在心脏中没有检测到GDF11的表达。3d仔猪的后肢、牙龈、脑、肾脏和腰椎组织中GDF11有明显的表达,脾脏组织的表达量较高,前肢、肝脏、心脏、背腰最长肌和肺脏中的表达相对较弱,在眼、颈椎和荐尾椎中的表达极弱,在胸椎中没有检测到表达。在所检测的不同时期的所有组织中,脑和肾脏组织表达明显地高于其他组织。     

An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses

Objective Evaluation of five pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses with sensors placed at five sites and hemoglobin saturation at three plateaus. Study design Prospective randomized multispecies experimental trial. Animals Five healthy dogs, cats and horses. Methods Animals were anesthetized and instrumented with ECG leads and arterial catheters. Five pulse oximeters (Nellcor Puritan Bennett‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and Surgi‐Vet V3304) with sensors at five sites were studied in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Ten readings (SpO₂) were taken at each of three hemoglobin saturation plateaus (98, 85 and 72%) in each animal. Arterial samples were drawn concurrently and hemoglobin saturation was measured with a co‐oximeter. Accuracy of saturation measurements was calculated as the root mean squared difference (RMSD), a composite of bias and precision, for each model tested in each species. Results Accuracy varied widely. In dogs, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.7, 2.2, 2.4, 1.7 and 2.7% respectively. Failure to produce readings for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 0, 0, 0.7, 0, and 20%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, toe, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.95, 0.97, 0.69, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. In horses, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 3.1, 3.0, 4.7, 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively while rates of failure to produce readings were 10, 21, 0, 17 and 60%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, nostril, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.98, 0.94, 0.88, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. In cats, the RMSD for all data for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 5.9, 5.6, 7.9, 7.9 and 10.7%, respectively while failure rates were 0, 0.7, 0, 20 and 32%, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the tongue, rear paw, ear, lip and front paw were 0.54, 0.79,.0.64, 0.49 and 0.57, respectively. For saturations above 90% in cats, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.6, 4.4, 4.0, 3.5 and 4.8%, respectively, while failure rates were 0, 1.7, 0, 25 and 43%, respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance Accuracy and failure rates (failure to produce a reading) varied widely from model to model and from species to species. Generally, among the models tested in the clinically relevant range (90–100%) RMSD ranged from 2–5% while failure rates were highest in the V3304.     

Study on the Nutritional-ecologic Environment of Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn and Se in Yili Summer Pasture of Xinjiang (Ⅱ)

This experiment objective was to study the Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se five kinds of trace element contents and change rule in the blood and wool of sheep pastured of different age and different gender, provide the basis for summer grazing sheep scientific supplementary feeding trace elements.At the altitudinal belt of 1 400 to 2 999 m of the summer pasture of the Karajon grassland (South slope) and Tangbula grassland (North slope) of Yili, Xinjiang, Chinese merino (Xinjiang type) sheep wool and sheep blood were collected, to determine their contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se for evaluating the nutritional-ecologic environment of trace elements of summer pasture of Yili.The results showed that the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se in wool of grazing sheep wool were 520.70, 3.89, 30.16, 102.64 mg/kg and 41.18 μg/kg, respectively, in which the contents of the Cu and Se were lower than normal value by 48.3% and 79.9%, respectively, and that of Fe was higher by 603.4%.The contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se in blood were 357.05, 4.18, 0.25, 3.08 mg/L and 45.23 μg/L, respectively, in which the contents of the Cu and Se were lower than normal value by 29.9% and 73.9%, respectively, and that of Fe was higher by 95.5%.The contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se in the wool and blood were increased with the age.The blood contents of Zn and Se between male and female were extremely different.     

中国桑树害虫名录(Ⅺ)

记述了昆虫纲(Insecta)双翅目(Diptera)、缨翅目(Thysanoptera)、等翅目(Isoptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、革翅目(Dermaptera)、蜚蠊目(Blattaria)的26种桑树害虫,以及蛛形纲(Arachnida)真螨目(Acariformes)、甲壳纲(Crustacea)等足目(Isopoda)、软体动物门(Mollusca)腹足纲(Gastropoda)柄眼目(Stylommatophora)共28种桑树害虫与危害物种,分别介绍了这些害虫及危害物种的中文名称、学名、寄主种类与主要分布区域,为控制桑树各类有害生物的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

三探草坪的起源、演化及其概念——几种外文、外语“草坪”一词及其他

初步发掘、整理了英、德、拉丁、俄、日等五种文字、语言中草坪一词内积淀的有关草坪起源与演化的信息。三证草坪草的分化 ,草坪的起源与早期演化均属自然。人类活动于草坪中 ,认识、利用和发展了草坪 ,可以劲直、也可以曲折。人类利用草坪的方式 ,无论中、外大致相同 ,利用的水平与社会整体发展的水平大体相应。草坪由草地分化发育 ,是草地的一个特殊类型。     

饲粮钙、磷水平对泌乳期伊犁母马营养物质消化代谢和血浆生理生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮钙、磷水平对泌乳期伊犁母马体重、胸围、营养物质表观消化率和代谢以及血浆生理生化指标的影响,为确定泌乳期伊犁母马钙、磷适宜需要量提供参考。选取年龄(11~14周岁)、体重[(371±21)kg]和胎次(4~6胎)接近的处于第2泌乳月的伊犁母马25匹,随机分为5组,每组5匹。第3泌乳月Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组母马钙饲喂水平分别为45.03、48.50、51.96、55.43和58.89 g/d,磷饲喂水平分别为30.05、32.03、34.01、35.99和37.97 g/d;第4和第5泌乳月Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组母马钙饲喂水平分别为43.60、46.42、49.25、52.07和54.92 g/d,磷饲喂水平分别为27.63、29.24、30.86、32.47和34.12 g/d。试验为期90 d,每30 d为1个试验周期。结果显示:饲粮钙、磷水平对母马体重和胸围以及干物质、有机物和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅴ组的粗蛋白质表观消化率最高,分别比Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组提高12.26%、12.37%和18.28%(P0.05);Ⅰ组的总能表观消化率最高,分别比Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组提高8.32%、7.19%和11.24%(P0.05);Ⅰ和Ⅲ组的钙表观消化率分别较Ⅳ组提高17.74%和14.49%(P0.05);Ⅲ组的磷表观消化率最高,比Ⅱ组提高35.39%(P0.05)。饲粮钙、磷水平对母马氮和钙代谢均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅰ组的代谢能较Ⅱ和Ⅳ组分别增加7.95%和11.33%(P0.05);Ⅰ组的能量沉积率较Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别提高9.30%、8.50%和12.10%(P0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的磷沉积量显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05),其中Ⅲ组在各组中最高,比Ⅱ组提高42.59%;Ⅰ和Ⅲ组的磷沉积率显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅳ组(P0.05),其中Ⅰ组在各组中最高,分别比Ⅱ和Ⅳ组提高49.67%和46.32%;Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的磷利用率显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05),分别比Ⅱ组提高17.74%、18.80%和16.79%。饲粮钙、磷水平对血浆中离子钙、磷、降钙素、骨钙素、胎盘催乳素、垂体泌乳素、雌二醇、孕酮和雌酮水平均无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅲ组的血浆中甲状旁腺素水平显著高于Ⅳ和Ⅴ组(P0.05),分别提高70.61%和47.58%。由此得出,Ⅰ组饲粮(在第3泌乳月钙、磷饲喂水平分别为45.03和30.05 g/d,第4和第5泌乳月钙、磷饲喂水平分别为43.60和27.63 g/d)即可满足伊犁母马泌乳期的钙、磷需要。适宜的饲粮钙、磷水平有助于维持较高水平的能量和钙的表观消化率以及能量和磷的沉积和利用。     

基于Label-free技术比较马和驴血清蛋白质组分差异

旨在探究马和驴血清蛋白质生物学特征,为马属动物种间生理特征比较和健康保障提供理论依据。本研究选取辽宁省大连市某集约化养殖场的9匹蒙古马和9头辽西驴,雌性,年龄4~10岁,均处于正常发情周期的间情期,健康无病、精神状态及采食状况良好,分别提供相同的饲养条件。采集马和驴各9份血清样品分别随机分成3组,每组内的3份血清样品均匀混合成1个生物学重复,各获得3个生物学重复的血清样品。利用Label-free蛋白质组学技术及生物信息学方法对马和驴的血清蛋白质组分进行比较研究,提取血清蛋白质,再对蛋白质进行酶解,液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）进行蛋白质组分分析,数据库检索分析马和驴血清样品中蛋白质表达情况,并应用生物信息学方法筛选马和驴血清差异关键调控蛋白质。结果显示,本研究共鉴定出361种蛋白质,其中,马血清中表达288种蛋白质,分子量范围为1.52~511.24 ku;驴血清中表达244种蛋白质,分子量范围为1.53~611.47 ku;共获得231种显著差异表达蛋白质（差异倍数≥1.5,P≤0.05）。差异表达蛋白质主要参与蛋白质激活、补体激活、免疫应答、凝血和脂蛋白氧化调控等生物学过程。显著富集的KEGG通路为补体和凝血级联,吞噬体,内质网蛋白质加工,抗原加工递呈,甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸的代谢,癌症蛋白多糖等。通过差异蛋白互作分析显示,差异表达蛋白质紧密相连富集最为显著的功能模块主要为代谢途径、补体和凝血级联、吞噬体,HSP90AA1、HSPA8、APOD、APOM、SERPING1、MASP1、CALR、TUBA1B、TUBB等处在关系互作网的重要节点。马和驴在生理条件下的血清蛋白质组成特征存在一定差异,该研究为进一步揭示马属动物种间生理特征差异和有效保障健康提供数据支撑。     

Viscoelastic materials in veterinary ophthalmology

Viscoelastic materials have applications in both human and veterinary ophthalmology and orthopedics and for humans in otorhinolaryngology, urinary incontinence, cosmetic surgery and cosmetics. In ophthalmology, viscoelasties are most commonly used in facilitating cataract and other anterior segment surgeries, but also have applications in posterior segment surgery and in the topical management of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Viscoelastics are routinely used during anterior segment surgery in filling and maintaining the anterior chamber, repositioning the iris, and to coat and protect the corneal endothelium, and expand the capsular bag prior to intraocular lens implantation. Viscoelastics can also be essential in the management of intraoperative complications such as miosis, hemorrhage, posterior capsular tears, and vitreous presentation. The most common products available for ophthalmic use include various concentrations of sodium hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. The physical properties of each viscoelastic material are dependent on chain length, and intra-and interchain interactions. The rheologic properties of viscosity, pseudoplasticity, viscoelasticity, and surface tension dictate the usefulness of each material for a specific purpose.