小肽制品对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

为了研究小肽制品对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及血液生化指标的影响,选择健康1日龄快大型黄羽肉雏鸡64只,随机分成A和B组,每组4个重复,每重复8只,其中A组饲喂日粮Ⅰ（含5%鱼粉）,B组饲喂日粮Ⅱ（含2%鱼粉）,其中日粮Ⅱ添加0.5%小肽制品,试验期8周。试验结果表明,在黄羽肉鸡日粮中用少量的小肽制品取代一定量的鱼粉,降低日粮中蛋白质含量还能使黄羽肉鸡有较高的生长性能,并可显著提高2周龄时的血清总蛋白和白蛋白的含量和显著降低2周龄时的血清总胆固醇的含量（P<0.05）。     

Different Housefly Larvae Products Affect Nutrient Availability,Intestinal Flora and Serum Biochemical Indices in Yellow-Feathered Broilers

本研究旨在探讨不同家蝇幼虫制品对黄羽肉仔鸡营养物质可利用率、肠道菌群和血清生化指标的影响.选取1日龄的黄羽肉仔鸡252只,随机分成7组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,其余6组饲喂分别用0.2％、0.5％的家蝇幼虫肽,0.2％、0.5％的家蝇幼虫酶解物,0.2％、0.5％的脱脂家蝇幼虫粉等量替代基础饲粮中鱼粉的试验饲粮.结果表明:1)添加家蝇幼虫肽有提高干物质、粗蛋白质和能量的可利用率的趋势(P＞0.05),且随着添加剂量的增加而提高;添加0.5％的家蝇幼虫肽可显著提高粗脂肪、钙、磷和粗灰分的可利用率(P＜0.05).2)添加家蝇幼虫肽可显著提高试验第2周和第4周肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量(P＜0.05),显著降低大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量(P＜0.05).3)添加家蝇幼虫肽可显著降低试验第2周血清谷丙转氨酶活性(P＜0.05)和显著提高血清总蛋白含量(P＜0.05),且以0.5％的家蝇幼虫肽组效果最优.在饲粮中添加不同家蝇幼虫制品均能显著降低黄羽肉仔鸡血清尿素氮含量(P＜0.05).由此得出,家蝇幼虫肽具有改善黄羽肉仔鸡肠道菌群、提高营养物质可利用率的作用,且以0.5％的添加量效果较好.     

不同家蝇幼虫制品对黄羽肉仔鸡生长性能及抗氧化、免疫指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同家蝇幼虫制品对黄羽肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育和抗氧化机能的影响.选取1日龄的黄羽肉仔鸡252只,随机分成7组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,其余6组饲粮中分别添加0.2%、0.5%的家蝇幼虫肽,0.2%、0.5%的家蝇幼虫酶解物,0.2%、0.5%的脱脂家蝇幼虫粉.试验期28 d.结果表明,添加家蝇幼虫肽可显著提高肉仔鸡平均日增重(P<0.05)和降低料重比(P<0.05),其效果要优于家蝇幼虫酶解物和脱脂家蝇幼虫粉;添加家蝇幼虫制品有提高肉仔鸡的免疫器官指数的趋势(P>0.05),可不同程度地降低血清丙二醛浓度,提高血清中过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及提高总抗氧化能力,以添加0.5%家蝇幼虫肽的抗氧化效果最为显著(P<0.05).由此得出,家蝇幼虫肽具有较强的生物活性,可以提高肉仔鸡的生长性能和抗氧化能力.     

日粮添加大豆发酵肽粉对肉鸡生长和血清生化指标的影响

选用1日龄艾维因肉仔鸡320只,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每重复16只。第一组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;其余4组分别添加0.1%、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的大豆发酵肽粉等量替代基础日粮中的豆粕,以研究对肉仔鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。结果表明:肉仔鸡日粮中添加大豆发酵肽粉有提高肉仔鸡日增重和饲料转化率的趋势,血清中总蛋白和白蛋白含量提高,对血清球蛋白和血清尿素氮无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

黄粉虫对肉用仔鸡生长性能的影响

为了研究黄粉虫对肉用仔鸡生长性能的影响,选择21日龄的健康爱维茵肉用仔鸡360只,随机分成4组,每组设三个重复,每个重复30只,对照组饲喂基础日粮添加2%的鱼粉,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂基础日粮分别添加1%,2%,3%黄粉虫,试验进行35d,试验结果表明:添加2%和3%的黄粉虫组均能不同程度的提高肉仔鸡的平均体重、平均日增重(<0.05),降低了肉鸡的料肉比(<0.05),其中以添加2%的效果最佳。由此可见,黄粉虫粉可以代替等量的鱼粉饲喂肉用仔鸡。     

复合益生菌对肉仔鸡生长性能和肠道形态的影响

为了研究在日粮中添加复合益生菌(乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌及其代谢产物)对肉仔鸡的生长性能以及肠道发育的影响,笔者选取同一天孵化出雏的Y系肉仔鸡960只,随机分为4组(1个对照组和3个试验组),每组3个重复,每个重复80只鸡。对照组(A组)饲喂基础日粮,试验组肉鸡饲粮中分别添加0.1%(B组)、0.5%(C组)和1.0%(D组)的复合益生菌。试验期35 d。结果表明,复合益生菌能够显著提高肉仔鸡的生长性能,降低饲料成本,降低死亡率,同时对生长期肉仔鸡的小肠形态有一定影响。     

饲粮添加发酵酒糟对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道健康的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮添加发酵酒糟对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道健康的影响。选取体况相近的1日龄AA雄性肉仔鸡440只,分为5个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复11只鸡。处理一为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,其他处理为试验组,分别饲喂添加2.5%低纤维发酵酒糟,5%低纤维发酵酒糟,2.5%高纤维发酵酒糟和5%高纤维发酵酒糟的试验饲粮。试验期共35 d。结果表明:饲粮中添加发酵酒糟的试验组肉仔鸡的出栏重和欧洲效益指数都高于对照组,死淘率低于对照组(P0.05),1~21日龄添加低纤维发酵酒糟能显著降低饲料增重比(P0.05),22~35日龄阶段2.5%高纤维发酵酒糟添加组的采食量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲粮添加发酵酒糟还能增加肉仔鸡空肠的乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量(P0.1)。综上,饲粮中添加发酵酒糟能改善肉仔鸡的生产性能,促进肠道健康。     

日粮添加发酵银杏叶对1～42 d黄羽肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮添加不同水平发酵银杏叶对1~42 d黄羽肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响。选用960只1 d雌性岭南黄羽肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复40羽。对照组饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础日粮,试验1~3组分别饲喂含0.2%、0.4%和0.8%发酵银杏叶日粮,试验期为6周。结果表明:日粮添加发酵银杏叶对22~42 d黄羽肉仔鸡平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.05),添加0.2%发酵银杏叶较其他各组显著提高了黄羽肉仔鸡全期平均日采食量(P0.05);与对照组相比,日粮添加0.4%发酵银杏叶显著提高22~42 d和1~42 d黄羽肉仔鸡平均日增重(P0.05),同时显著降低22~42 d和1~42 d黄羽肉仔鸡料重比(P0.05)。0.4%发酵银杏叶组较对照组显著提高了肉仔鸡血清白蛋白(ALB)含量(P0.05),同时显著降低血清尿酸(UA)和甘油三酯(TG)含量(P0.05)。日粮添加0.4%发酵银杏叶显著提高血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力(P0.05),显著降低血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。在本试验条件下,综合考虑肉鸡的生产性能和抗氧化性能,玉米—豆粕型日粮中发酵银杏叶的适宜添加水平为0.4%。     

天然植物提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

选用200只1日龄从健康肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每重复10只鸡.1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;2、3和4组为试验组,饲喂添加不同剂量中药添加剂的基础日粮.研究中药添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响.结果表明,饲料中添加中药添加剂可显著提高肉仔鸡的饲料转化率和免疫器官指数.     

中草药方剂对肉仔鸡肉质理化特性的影响

为了研究中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡肌肉理化特性的影响,试验选用270只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮(玉米-豆粕型),试验组分别在基础日粮中添加杆菌肽锌和0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的中草药添加剂,进行为期6周的饲养试验。结果表明:该中草药方剂显著降低了胸肌的滴水损失,提高了肉的嫩度,且以1.5%的添加量效果最佳。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.