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嫩度是肉的主要食用品质之一 ,它是消费者评判肉质优劣的最常用指标 ,是主导肉质的决定因素和重要的感官特征 ,肉的嫩度是一种综合感觉 ,是肌原纤维蛋白和结缔组织蛋白 (胶原 )物理及生化状态的反映。人们为了提高肉的嫩度采用了许多方法 ,笔者就肉的嫩化方法及机理做以下简述。1 物理嫩化法1 1 机械嫩化法在肉类加工中 ,采用肉类嫩化器和滚揉工艺 ,是常用的嫩化方法。嫩化器是通过机械上许多锋利的刀板或者尖针压迫肉体 ,由于机械力的作用 ,肌纤维细胞和肌间结缔组织被切断、打碎 ,肉的正常结构被破坏 ,改变了肌肉组织的性能 ,增大肉的表… 相似文献
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肉嫩度及其影响因素的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,人们对畜禽肉的品质要求越来越高,而嫩度作为肉品质的重要指标之一.已越来越引起人们的重视,结合国内外对肉嫩度的研究现状,系统的总结了影响猪肉嫩度的因素,同时对不同因素的影响机理及研究进展作了阐述,这将有助于我国肉类科学的发展。 相似文献
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肉嫩度是衡量肉质优劣的重要指标之一。近年来,人们试图通过各种方法来改善肉质的嫩度,以满足消费者的需求,但通过非遗传因素来提高肉的嫩度成效不大[1],随着分子生物技术的发展,标记辅助 相似文献
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动物钙蛋白酶系统基因与肉质嫩度关联研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
钙蛋白酶系统由钙激活中性蛋白酶I(μ-calpain,calpain l,CAPN1)、钙激活中性蛋白酶Ⅱ(m-calpain,calpain 2,CAPN2)及其内源性抑制剂钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(calpastatin,CAST)3个部分组成,钙蛋白酶的活性会影响畜禽肌肉增长和肉的嫩度.对钙蛋白酶系统的特性、作用机理及其对肉质的影响进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行讨论. 相似文献
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钙蛋白酶系统与肉嫩度关系的研究概况 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
钙蛋白酶系统是影响肌肉生长和宰后肉嫩化的一个重要因素.文章首先介绍了影响肉嫩度的因素,主要总结了该系统各组成部分的分子结构及活性调节和生理学功能,特别是对肉嫩化的功能,并对该系统特别是其对提高肉嫩度的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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钙蛋白酶系统在动物屠宰后肌肉蛋白质水解和肌肉嫩化过程中发挥重要的作用;脂肪酸结合蛋白参与脂肪酸的转运代谢,影响肌肉的嫩度、风味和多汁性,与背膘厚、大理石花纹、嫩度和系水力等肉用性状有较高关联度;生肌调节因子在肌肉分化过程中可控制启动成肌细胞的融合和肌纤维的形成;肌肉生成抑制素是控制肌肉生长的负调控因子,影响畜禽瘦肉率、改善肉质性状的重要营养基因。作者综述了钙蛋白酶系统家族、脂肪酸结合蛋白基因、生肌调节因子和肌肉生长抑制素等影响肉牛肉品质性状的基因,以期在肉牛育种选择中找到使产肉量和肉质得到同步提高的途径,进一步通过标记辅助选择来改善肉牛的肉质性状。 相似文献
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《The Professional Animal Scientist》2002,18(2):107-111
Meat tenderness is a major factor affecting the consumers’ assessment of meat quality. Collagen is an abundant connective tissue protein and is a contributing factor to variation in meat tenderness and texture. It is found in three specific regions in muscle and in various forms and types. Collagen molecules are bound together through intermolecular crosslinks that help provide structure and strength. These crosslinks are initially reducible, but over time are replaced by mature, thermally stable, and less soluble crosslinks. These mature crosslinks, rather than the total amount of collagen, are the key factors in collagen-related toughness. The proportion of mature to reducible crosslinks increases with age, resulting in older animals that often have less tender meat than younger animals. Collagen crosslinks are also affected by growth rate, nutrition, and genetics. Collagen plays major roles in cooked meat as well. As collagen fibrils are heated during cooking, they shrink, resulting in a fluid loss and less tender meat. They also act to hold muscle fibers together after shrinkage. Post-mortem degradation of collagen and the use of collagenases appear to play a role in providing the desired tenderness and texture by altering the connective tissue structure. Collagen is very important in maintaining acceptable texture; however, high amounts of crosslinks can greatly decrease tenderness and consumer acceptability. 相似文献
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鸡肉嫩度评定方法及其指标间的相关分析 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
采用剪切值、胶原蛋白(总胶原蛋白、热溶性胶原蛋白、热残留胶原蛋白)和肌纤维结构(肌纤维密度、肌纤维直径)3种方法,分别评定了7个不同鸡种的嫩度。结果表明,应用3种评定方法可以划分出鸡种间的嫩度等级,但各指标间的嫩度排序有差异。相关分析表明,剪切值、总胶原蛋白、热残留胶原蛋白和肌纤维直径是嫩度评定的主要指标。其中剪切值与热残留胶原蛋白、热残留胶原蛋白与肌纤维直径和总胶原蛋白与热残留胶原蛋白为极显著正相关(P<0 01),剪切值与肌纤维直径为显著正相关(P<0 05)。经综合分析,剪切值的分辨率最高,热残留胶原蛋白、肌纤维直径综合代表性较强。以上评定结果与感官评定的嫩度对比有一定差异,感官评定与组织结构评定的结果相近,与剪切值、胶原蛋白两种方法差异较大。胸腿肌的嫩度不同方法存在差异,鸡种间比较建议采用胸肌为代表进行嫩度比较。 相似文献
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Effect of postmortem treatments on the tenderness of meat from Hereford, Brahman and Brahman-cross beef cattle 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
T L Wheeler J W Savell H R Cross D K Lunt S B Smith 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(11):3677-3686
The effect of postmortem aging (7, 14, 21 or 28 d), high-voltage electrical stimulation (stimulated or not stimulated) and blade tenderization (none or once; crossbreds only) on the sensory and cooking properties of meat from four beef breeds or breed-types (purebred Hereford, purebred Brahman, Hereford x Brahman and Brahman x Hereford) was determined. The meat from purebred Brahman cattle that was not electrically stimulated was less tender and more variable in tenderness than that from other breed-types but electrical stimulation reduced these differences in tenderness. The Brahman crossbred steers produced meat that was not different in tenderness or variability in tenderness from that of purebred Hereford steers, although all were only judged "slightly tender." Electrical stimulation reduced the length of postmortem aging needed to reach a given level of tenderness regardless of breed or breed-type. Meat from crossbred animals that was blade-tendernized was not different in tenderness from meat that was electrically stimulated. The results of this investigation indicate that purebred Brahman muscle was inherently less tender, but postmortem tenderization procedures produced meat that was similar tenderness to that of the other breed-types used in this study. 相似文献
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肌内脂肪是影响肉品质的关键因素之一,影响着肉的嫩度、系水力、风味和多汁性。影响猪肌内脂肪沉积的因素较复杂,主要受品种、年龄、性别、营养、基因等多个因素影响。文章介绍了猪肌内脂肪的来源及其含量与猪肉嫩度、系水力、风味3个肉质性状的关联性,证实肌内脂肪与肉品质两者之间存在显著相关性;简述了影响猪肌内脂肪含量的几个主要因素,包括品种、体重、性别和日粮能量、蛋白质、维生素A等相关营养水平,脂肪酸合酶、心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白、脂联素等几个关键基因;初步阐释了这些因素对肌内脂肪沉积的影响及脂肪代谢机理,总结影响因素与肌内脂肪之间的规律;分析发现育种、候选基因和营养调控是改善肌内脂肪含量最有效的方法,将肉质更优的本土猪与外来猪进行杂交或对本土猪进行基因改良可能是未来较为有潜力的研究方向。 相似文献
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The meat quality is influenced by many factors, among which intramuscular fat (IMF) is one of the most prominent factors. IMF content is closely related to the tenderness and flavor of meat. Numbers of studies suggested that gut microbiota and its functional metabolites (such as short fatty acids, bile acids, lipopolysaccharides, trimethylamines, tryptophan and their derivatives) played an important role in host fat metabolism. In this review, we present the role of gut microbiota and its functional metabolites in regulating fat metabolism and IMF deposition. This paper would provide new insights and feasible ways through nutrition regulation to increase IMF deposition and improve meat quality. 相似文献
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基于HS-SPME-GC-MS和OPLS-DA模型探究不同嫩度驴肉的关键挥发性物质成分差异 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
旨在检测驴肉挥发性物质成分,探究与广灵驴嫩度相关的关键差异风味物质并解析关键挥发性物质与嫩度基因之间的功能与联系。本研究选用30头生长环境和饲养条件相同、年龄相近的雌性广灵驴为研究对象,进行剪切力和肌内脂肪的测定并依据含量差异将其分为高嫩度组(HT,n=4)和低嫩度组(LT,n=4)。通过HS-SPME-GC-MS技术检测广灵驴背最长肌挥发性物质成分,利用香气活性值(odor activity value, OAV)筛选驴肉关键风味物质,并结合多元统计分析方法获得变量重要性投影(variable importance in the projection, VIP)筛选与嫩度相关的关键差异风味物质,后基于Pearson系数与转录组学进行联合分析,寻找出驴肉嫩度关键风味物质与差异基因之间的联系。结果,在广灵驴背最长肌中共鉴定出41种挥发性物质,包括醇类、醛类、烃类、酮类、酯类以及2种其他物质。通过OAV筛选出13种关键风味物质,发现影响驴肉的主要挥发性物质和贡献者是醛类。通过VIP和OAV值筛选出1-辛烯-3-醇、1-辛醇以及月桂醛既是嫩度的差异物质又是对驴肉风味有贡献的关键风味物质。利用... 相似文献