西宁地区宠物犬源肺炎克雷伯菌血清型鉴定、致病性及耐药性检测

为了研究西宁地区宠物犬源肺炎克雷伯菌血清型鉴定、致病性及耐药性等生物学特性,采集患有呼吸道疾病宠物犬的咽拭子、鼻拭子及痰液等病料组织127份,用细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化鉴定、PCR等方法进行肺炎克雷伯菌鉴定,采用人工感染小鼠试验、PCR法及K-B药敏纸片法分别检测其致病性、血清型及耐药性。结果显示,从采集的127份样品分离得到62株致病性肺炎克雷伯菌,分离的62株致病性肺炎克雷伯菌有4种血清型,以K5(37.1%)和K1(19.4%)血清型为主要流行的血清型;对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、庆大霉素、新霉素、氟苯尼考、强力霉素、大观霉素、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶8种药物耐药率在61.%以上,对其他药物的耐药率在9.7%～35.5%之间。研究结果可为西宁地区宠物犬源肺炎克雷伯菌病的防控及合理用药提供参考依据。     

一株猪源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性、耐药基因的检测

为了确定发病母猪组织是否感染病原菌及调查病原菌耐药情况,试验对发病母猪组织进行细菌分离培养,经过培养观察、生化试验、16S rRNA测序确定分离菌株,对分离菌株进行药敏试验、小鼠致病性试验、耐药基因检测、常见血清型分型及毒力基因检测。结果表明:分离得到一株肺炎克雷伯氏菌。分离菌株的16S rRNA测序结果与NCBI上18株肺炎克雷伯氏菌参考菌株序列同源性均在99%以上。分离菌株接种在血琼脂培养基上会发生α溶血现象,且具有多重耐药性,携带四环素类tet耐药基因,氨基糖苷类aph(3′)-Ia、strA、strB耐药基因,磺胺类sul 1、sul 2耐药基因及超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)耐药基因blaSHV,与耐药表型结果一致。分离菌株血清型分型为K20型,含有ureA、wabG、uge毒力基因。在小鼠致病性试验中,以浓度为6.15×10~8cfu/mL的菌液进行攻毒,能够使小鼠在22 h内死亡,表明分离菌株对小鼠具有致病性。说明本试验所分离得到的猪源肺炎克雷伯氏菌具有严重的耐药性和强致病性。     

沧州地区猪源肺炎克雷伯菌分离菌株、耐药性及耐药基因检测

为了分析沧州地区猪源肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性及耐药基因流行情况,试验采用细菌学常规的分离鉴定方法和16S rRNA PCR法,从沧州地区不同养殖场中采集患呼吸道疾病猪肺脏、肝脏、鼻拭子等病料组织123份,分离得到了45株致病性肺炎克雷伯菌。采用K-B药敏纸片法和PCR法分别检测45株致病性肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性及耐药基因流行情况。结果显示,45株致病性肺炎克雷伯菌分离菌株对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、氟苯尼考等9种药物耐药性较高,耐药率在55.6%以上;对其他药物耐药率在13.3%～22.2%;分离菌株呈现多重耐药现象,耐11、10种药物分离菌株最多,分别占分离菌株的24.4%、28.9%;bla_(TEM)、ant(3″)-Ⅰa、aph(3′)-Ⅱa、sul2、sul3五种耐药基因检出率较高,检出率在80.0%以上;bla_(SHV)、floR、qnrA三种耐药基因检出率在37.8%～46.7%;bla_(CTX-M)、mcr-1、qnrS、rmtB四种耐药基因未检出。说明该地区分离的45株致病性肺炎克雷伯菌耐药性严重,呈现多重耐药现象,携带耐药基因复杂。     

狐狸源肺炎克雷伯氏菌分离株生物学特征分析

为确定狐狸源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的致病性、耐药性、耐药机制及其生物被膜(BF)形成能力,本研究对分离自病死狐狸的10株肺炎克雷伯氏菌进行形态特征、培养特性、生化试验、16S r RNA鉴定及khe基因鉴定,利用K-B法检测其药敏性,利用PCR方法检测了其耐药基因、荚膜血清型、毒力基因,利用96孔微量板测定BF形成能力并进行了分离菌对小鼠的致病性试验。结果显示,这10株肺炎克雷伯氏菌均对多种常用抗菌药物耐药,均可以引起小鼠发病或死亡,但BF形成能力有明显差异。部分菌株携带floR、mcr-1、TEM等耐药基因和wabG、fimH、uge、rmpA等毒力基因,89F-2、58F-2、60N-1属于K1血清型。本研究结果为狐狸源肺炎克雷伯氏菌病的检测、诊断及防治提供了实验依据。同时,本实验首次从狐狸源肺炎克雷伯氏菌中检测到粘菌素耐药基因mcr-1,这将为黏菌素的临床使用和风险评估提供技术参考。     

河北部分地区狐狸源肺炎克雷伯菌血清型鉴定、毒力基因及致病性检测

为分析河北部分地区狐狸源肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)的荚膜血清型、毒力基因流行情况及致病性,从河北地区养殖场中采集患病狐狸肺脏、心血、肝脏等病料组织217份,分离得到63株致病性肺炎克雷伯菌。采用PCR法分别检测63株肺炎克雷伯菌荚膜血清型及19种毒力基因;通过人工感染小鼠致病试验验证4株优势血清型流行株的半数致死量(LD_(50))。结果显示,63株肺炎克雷伯菌中23株为K2血清型,7株为K20血清型。63株肺炎克雷伯菌携带13种毒力基因,毒力基因fimH、mrkD、wabG、uge、ybt、ybtA、alls、ompK35等检出率均在58.73%以上,其他毒力基因检测率较低;分离菌株呈现多重毒力基因型,同时携带9种毒力基因的菌株最多,占致病性菌株的33.33%。优势血清型流行株KD1(K20)和KD45(K2)的致病性最强,其LD_(50)分别为3.16×10~5,3.16×10~6 CFU/mL。本研究为该地区肺炎克雷伯菌病的防控提供参考。     

泉州地区猪源致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定血清型检测与耐药性分析

为了解泉州地区猪源致病性大肠杆菌流行血清型分布及耐药性,无菌采集的患病仔猪肝脏、肛拭子和粪便等病料组织样品87份,通过细菌的分离鉴定得到了42株大肠杆菌,其中,30株为致病性大肠杆菌。利用玻板凝集法和K-B药敏纸片法分别检测30株猪源致病性大肠杆菌分离株的血清型和耐药性。结果显示,30株猪源致病性大肠杆菌分离株属于9个血清型中,定型的猪源致病性大肠杆菌分离株27株,定型率为90%(27/30),2株未鉴定出来,占分离菌菌株的64.3%(27/42),以O147和O141为该地区流行的优势血清型;30株猪源致病性大肠杆菌分离株对新霉素、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星等5种药物的耐药率在80.0%~100%之间,对克林霉素、多西环素、丁胺卡娜霉素等5种药物的耐药率在60.0%~73.3%之间;对其他的药物耐药率在33.3%~53.3%之间,且呈现多重耐药性。本研究为该地区的猪源致病性大肠杆菌病的防治提供了重要的参考价值。     

藏香猪源大肠埃希菌致病性和血清型检测及药敏试验

为了解四川省藏香猪源大肠埃希菌致病性、血清型及耐药性情况,从四川省藏香猪养殖场中无菌采集腹泻仔猪肝脏、肛拭子及粪便等组织病料253份中,分离得到155株大肠埃希菌。采用人工感染小鼠致病性试验、玻板凝集试验和KB药敏纸片法分别测定155株大肠埃希菌分离菌株的致病性、血清型及耐药性。结果显示,小鼠致病性试验表明155株分离菌中120株有致病性;玻板凝集试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株属于14个血清型,以O111、O147、O109和O119为主要流行的优势血清型;耐药性试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、新霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶4种药物耐药较严重,耐药率在94.2%~98.3%之间,对庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、多西环素等6种药物耐药率在44.2%~85.0%之间,对其他药物耐药率在15.0%~37.5%之间。说明该地区藏香猪源致病性大肠埃希菌血清型呈多样性分布,耐药性严重。     

四川地区牦牛源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性分析

为了分析四川地区牦牛源肺炎克雷伯氏菌耐药性并确定其耐药基因的携带情况，本试验采集了四川地区不同养殖场患呼吸道疾病牦牛肺脏、咽拭子、鼻拭子共127份病料组织，分离得到了43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌，并采用微量肉汤稀释法结合PCR扩增法检测43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌的耐药性和耐药基因携带情况。结果表明：43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、多西环素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶4种药物耐药率较高，为65.12%~90.70%；对阿米卡星、氟苯尼考、多黏菌素B、大观霉素4种药物的耐药率在20.93%~48.84%之间；对头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星3药物的耐药率在18.60%~25.58%之间；多数筛选分离得到的菌株均呈现出多重耐药性，耐9、10种药物的菌株最多，分别占分离菌株的23.3%和20.9%。通过使用PCR扩增法检测分离菌携带的耐药基因情况，结果表明：bla_TEM、bla_SHV、sul2、sul3、floR 5种耐药基因检出率较高，检出率在62.8%~69.8%之间；ant （3″）-Ⅰa、aph （3'）-Ⅱa、aac （6'）-Ⅰb、aacC2 4种耐药基因检出率较低，检出率在7.0%~20.9%；bla_CTX-M、Mcr-1、qnrA、qnrS、rmtB 5种耐药基因未检出。综上所述，本试验中分离得到肺炎克雷伯氏菌具有较强的耐药性并携带有较多的耐药基因，为了更好的促进四川省牦牛养殖产业的发展，应注意避免滥用抗生素并通过药敏试验对症下药。     

四川地区牦牛源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性分析

为了分析四川地区牦牛源肺炎克雷伯氏菌耐药性并确定其耐药基因的携带情况,本试验采集了四川地区不同养殖场患呼吸道疾病牦牛肺脏、咽拭子、鼻拭子共127份病料组织,分离得到了43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌,并采用微量肉汤稀释法结合PCR扩增法检测43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌的耐药性和耐药基因携带情况。结果表明:43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、多西环素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶4种药物耐药率较高,为65.12%～90.70%;对阿米卡星、氟苯尼考、多黏菌素B、大观霉素4种药物的耐药率在20.93%～48.84%之间;对头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星3药物的耐药率在18.60%～25.58%之间;多数筛选分离得到的菌株均呈现出多重耐药性,耐9、10种药物的菌株最多,分别占分离菌株的23.3%和20.9%。通过使用PCR扩增法检测分离菌携带的耐药基因情况,结果表明:bla_(TEM)、bla_(SHV)、sul2、sul3、floR 5种耐药基因检出率较高,检出率在62.8%～69.8%之间;ant(3″)-Ⅰa、aph(3′)-Ⅱa、aac(6′)-Ⅰb、aacC2 4种耐药基因检出率较低,检出率在7.0%～20.9%;bla_(CTX-M)、Mcr-1、qnrA、qnrS、rmtB 5种耐药基因未检出。综上所述,本试验中分离得到肺炎克雷伯氏菌具有较强的耐药性并携带有较多的耐药基因,为了更好的促进四川省牦牛养殖产业的发展,应注意避免滥用抗生素并通过药敏试验对症下药。     

藏猪源肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

为了了解西藏地区藏猪源肺炎克雷伯菌荚膜血清型、耐药性、毒力基因及遗传进化现状,试验对从西藏地区林芝市、拉萨市采集的60份腹泻藏猪新鲜粪便进行细菌分离,对分离菌进行生化试验、16S rDNA基因和特异性基因检测并构建系统进化树,采用PCR方法对分离菌进行荚膜血清型、耐药基因和毒力基因检测,用17种常用抗菌药物进行药敏试验,并用分离菌对小鼠进行致病性试验。结果表明：从西藏地区林芝市样品中成功分离鉴定出3株藏猪源肺炎克雷伯菌,分离率为5%(3/60),分别命名为P1、P2、P3菌株。3株分离菌能够发酵多种糖类,且不产生硫化氢。PCR扩增得到大小约为1 400 bp和430 bp的目的条带。3株分离菌均与郑州红袋鼠源CP051490和广州鹦鹉源CP064129聚成一簇,其中P1菌株和P2菌株聚为一个小簇;P3菌株与广州鹦鹉源CP064129聚成一个小簇,亲缘关系最接近。3株分离菌均未鉴定出荚膜血清型。3株分离菌对青霉素、氨苄西林的耐药率最高,达100%;对派拉西林和红霉素的耐药率为66.7%;对头孢氨苄和头孢呋辛的耐药率为33.3%。3株分离菌只携带2种耐药基因,分别为sul2、 blaROB...     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

两种绿头鸭肌肉营养成分分析及评价

本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭（白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭）肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只（每个品种各30只,公母各半）,依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到9种矿物质元素（钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒）,两种绿头鸭差异不显著（P>0.05）;检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B₁含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。     

几个柑橘品种实生苗的抗旱性评价研究

以5个金柑属品种、枳壳、软枝酸橘及广西土柠檬实生苗为材料,进行复水成活率、旱害指数、叶片相对含水量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸等生理指标及隶属函数的综合分析,为柑橘抗性砧木品种选育提供参考。结果表明：胁迫20d复水后的成活率融安滑皮金柑和长寿金柑最高,为100%,软枝酸橘最低,为88.9%;随着干旱胁迫加剧,各品种的旱害指数呈上升趋势,长寿金柑的旱害指数最低,为0.25,软枝酸橘的旱害指数最高,为0.61;从叶片相对含水量的结果来看,长寿金柑的变化幅度最小,软枝酸橘的变化幅度最大,在第18d时分别为61.19%和37.85%;3种保护酶之间相互协同作用减轻植株受害程度,其活性变化幅度与丙二醛和脯氨酸的含量变化相似。利用隶属函数法综合分析,得出各品种的抗旱性强弱依次为长寿金柑>枳壳>融安滑皮金柑>融安金柑>山金柑>广西土柠檬>金枣>软枝酸橘。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

不同品种苜蓿生产性能测定试验

[目的]为了筛选适应临泽县种植的高产优质苜蓿品种。[方法]选择阿迪娜、金皇后、阿尔冈金和甘农3号4个苜蓿品种在统一管理的情况下对生产性能、营养指标进行比对试验。[结果]结果表明,在相同条件下,粗蛋白平均含量最高是阿迪娜,含量达19.25%,其次是金皇后、甘农3号、阿尔冈金,含量依次为19.15%、19.05%、19.05%;酸性洗涤纤维含量最低的是金皇后,31.75%,其次是阿尔冈金、阿迪娜和甘农3号,含量依次为32.75%、33.15%、33.75%;中性洗涤纤维含量最低的是金皇后,41.9%,其次是阿迪娜、甘农3号、阿尔冈金,含量依次为41.9%、42.2%、43.05%。第二年干草产量最高是阿迪娜,达14 706 kg/hm^2,其次是金皇后、甘农3号、阿尔冈金,分别达到14 402 kg/hm^2,14 231 kg/hm^2、13 804 kg/hm^2。[结论]根据综合生产性能表现,阿迪娜是比较适应我县种植的高产优质苜蓿品种。     

Evaluation of Indicators of Weight-Carrying Ability of Light Riding Horses

To answer the question of whether horse height, cannon bone circumference, and loin width can be used as indicators of weight-carrying ability in light horses, eight mature horses underwent a submaximal mounted standard exercise test under four conditions: carrying 15, 20, 25, or 30% of their body weight. Heart rate was monitored, plasma lactate concentration was determined in jugular blood samples pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 10 minutes post-exercise, with serum creatine kinase activity determined at the same times as plasma lactate concentrations, with additional samples collected at 24 hours and 48 hours post-exercise. Muscle soreness and muscle tightness scores were determined using a subjective scoring system 24 hours before and 24 hours after exercise. Heart rates remained significantly higher when the horses carried 25 and 30% of their body weight. Plasma lactate concentrations immediately and 10 minutes after exercise differed when horses carried 30% of their body weight compared with 15, 20, and 25% weight carriage. Horses tended to have a greater change in muscle soreness and muscle tightness when carrying 25% of their body weight, and a significant change in soreness and tightness scores was found in horses carrying 30% of their body weight. Loin width and cannon bone circumference were found to be negatively correlated to the changes in muscle soreness and tightness scores. In conclusion, the data suggest that horses with wider loin and thicker cannon bone circumference became less sore when carrying heavier weight loads.     

Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats

A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified.     

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutrient Composition of Muscles of Two Kinds of Mallard

This experiment was aimed to study the nutritional content and value of the muscles of two mallards (White feather mallard and mallard),and provide basic data and theoretical basis for the development and utilization of mallard meat products.60 White feathered mallards and mallards (30 for each breed,half of male and female) were chosen,and the composition and content of pectoral muscle crude protein,crude fat,cholesterol,amino acids,fatty acids,trace elements and vitamins were determined according to national standards and the nutritional values of muscle were evaluated.The results showed that the content of crude protein in muscle of White feather mallard was significantly lower than that of mallard (P<0.05).17 kinds of amino acids with contents higher than 0.01% were detected in the muscles of the two kinds of mallards,among which the contents of threonine,histidine,serine and proline in the muscles of the White feather mallard were significantly higher than those of mallard (P<0.05).The contents of lysine,glutamate and arginine were significantly lower than those of mallard (P<0.05).13 kinds of fatty acids with contents higher than 0.01% were detected,and the contents of stearic acid and oleic acid were significantly lower than those of the mallard.9 mineral elements (sodium,magnesium,potassium,calcium,manganese,iron,copper,zinc and selenium) in two kinds of mallards were detected,and there was no significant difference between the two kinds of mallards (P>0.05).8 kinds of vitamins were detected,and the content of vitamin B₁ in muscle of White feather mallard was significantly higher than that of mallard (P<0.05),but the contents of vitamin D and vitamin E were significantly lower than that of mallard (P<0.05).The ratio of amino acids in muscle of two kinds of mallards was close to the ideal model recommended by WHO,which was rich in mineral elements and vitamins for human body,and had a broad prospect of development and utilization.     

重构胚移植用受体山羊同期发情处理效果比较

分别用CIDR（孕酮阴道栓）＋PMSG（处理1）和CIDR＋PMSG＋LH（处理2）两种处理方法对山羊进行同期发情处理。结果发现,两种处理均以撤栓后第1d发情率最高。撒栓后0-24h和24h-48h的发情率,处理1和处理2（61．4％,13．6％和48％,20％）之间差异不显著;撤栓后48h-72h的发情率,处理1（4．59,6）显著低于处理2（24％）（P〈0．05）;撤栓后0～72h发情率,两种处理（79．5％,92％）无显著差异（P〉0．05）。从手术时对卵巢的观察可以看出,有大卵泡或排卵的发情羊,处理1为91．2％,处理2为100％,二者无显著差异;排卵的发情羊,处理1为（58．8％）显著低于处理2为（91．2％）（P〈0．05）。