紫锥菊复方对断奶仔猪生产性能和免疫功能的影响

在饲料中添加紫锥菊复方观察其对断奶仔猪的生长性能和免疫功能的影响。结果表明,添加高剂量(质量分数为1.5%)紫锥菊复方组仔猪的日增重、血清中淋巴细胞阳性率、猪瘟抗体效价、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征抗体效价等均比其他组有显著提高(P0.05),腹泻率均比其他组显著降低(P0.05),表明紫锥菊复方在一定程度上可以改善仔猪的生产性能,提高机体的免疫力。     

不同紫锥菊提取物对肉仔鸡免疫功能影响

研究不同紫锥菊提取物对肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响。将270只1日龄肉仔鸡分为9组,通过测定肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、血液生化指标、新城疫抗体滴度以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,探讨不同紫锥菊提取物对肉仔鸡体液免疫、细胞免疫和抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示,日粮中添加进口和康地恩紫锥菊提取物能够显著增加肉仔鸡的平均日增重,降低料重比,提高胸腺和法氏囊指数,并且能够显著改变肉仔鸡的白细胞数、红细胞数及红细胞压积,提高机体的抗氧化能力和新城疫抗体效价,优于万适宁、转移因子和紫锥疫毒清组;紫锥菊提取物组的作用效果均明显优于环磷酰胺组和环磷酰胺+康地恩紫锥菊提取物组,且环磷酰胺+康地恩紫锥菊提取物组的作用比环磷酰胺组好。表明紫锥菊提取物均能够显著增强肉仔鸡的免疫功能,康地恩紫锥菊提取物的总体免疫调节效果与进口紫锥菊提取物的效果一致,均优于国产紫锥菊提取物、万适宁、转移因子和紫锥疫毒清,并且康地恩紫锥菊提取物能够提高由于环磷酰胺引起的免疫水平下降。     

紫锥菊、黄芪提取物对鸡传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫调节作用和生产性能的影响

为了探讨紫锥菊和黄芪的免疫调节作用,以1日龄罗斯308肉鸡作为试验材料,用传染性法氏囊病(IBD)疫苗进行免疫,以紫锥菊提取物单剂,黄芪提取物单剂,以及紫锥菊和黄芪合剂3种组方,分别以3种剂量在6日龄连续给雏鸡口服7 d,在13、20、27、34、41日龄采血检测外周血中鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)抗体,IL-2含量,并测定肉鸡生产性能.结果表明,应用紫锥菊提取物能明显提高外周血中IBDV抗体和IL-2含量,提高试验鸡料肉比.说明紫锥菊提取物具有明显的免疫促进作用,改善生产性能作用,其中0.5%为最佳剂量.用两种提取物相配伍后(0.5% 0.25%)同样提高其机体免疫水平,显示出两种物质的协同作用和增强作用.     

紫锥菊对传染性法氏囊疫苗免疫效果的影响

为了探讨紫锥菊作为免疫增强剂的免疫效果和机理,本试验用1日龄的罗斯308肉鸡作为试验材料并用传染性法氏囊疫苗进行免疫。紫锥菊提取物分3种剂量组(A组0.1 mL/只、B组0.5 mL/只、C组1 mL/只)在6日龄开始连续给雏鸡口服7 d,在13,20,27,34,41日龄采血检测外周血中法氏囊病毒抗体,同时测定外周血中IL-2和TNF-α的含量,计算肉鸡的生产性能。结果表明,紫锥菊提取物能明显提高鸡外周血中法氏囊病毒抗体滴度,以及细胞因子IL-2和TNF-α含量,并能改善肉鸡的生产性能。所用3个剂量组中,以B组的0.5 mL/只为最佳的用药剂量。说明紫锥菊提取物具有明显的免疫促进作用。     

紫锥菊提取物对小鼠免疫器官指数及血清溶血素水平的影响

探索紫锥菊提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。试验选取健康成年小鼠80只,随机分为8组,每组10只,分别为空白对照组(生理盐水灌胃),免疫抑制模型组(腹腔注射环磷酰胺100 mg/kg),免疫抑制小鼠紫锥菊提取物高、中、低剂量组,正常对照小鼠紫锥菊提取物高、中、低剂量组,免疫抑制小鼠紫锥菊提取物组和正常对照小鼠紫锥菊提取物组高、中、低剂量组分别按100mg/kg、50 mg/kg、25 mg/kg灌胃,连续灌胃21d,测定其脾脏指数、胸腺指数和血清溶血素水平。试验结果表明,与空白组比较,模型组小鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数显著降低(P0.05),血清溶血素水极显著降低(P0.01);正常小鼠高剂量试验组脾脏指数显著提高(P0.05);紫锥菊高、中剂量组胸腺指数显著提高(P0.05),血清溶血素水平显著提高(P0.05)。与模型组相比,免疫抑制小鼠紫锥菊高、中剂量组脾脏指数极显著提高(P0.01);各试验组胸腺指数极显著提高(P0.01);紫锥菊高、中剂量试验组血清溶血素水平有极显著提高(P0.01),低剂量组差异显著(P0.05)。     

增免康增强仔猪免疫功能试验

以杜长大仔猪为试验动物,黄芪多搪为药物对照,采用高、中、低3个剂量,通过检测免疫仔猪的蓝耳病、猪瘟抗体效价,观察增免康颗粒对仔猪蓝耳病、猪瘟弱毒疫苗免疫应答的影响,评价其免疫增强作用.结果表明:免疫后第7天和第14天,增免康颗粒高剂量组PRRS抗体S/P值在0.4以上,极显著[PO.05).     

紫锥菊复方对猪呼吸与繁殖障碍综合征疫苗免疫效果的影响

为了研究紫锥菊复方对猪呼吸与繁殖障碍综合征疫苗免疫效果的影响,试验将三元杂交仔猪随机分为4组,即对照组(不用药)与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(紫锥菊复方1.5%组、1.0%组、0.5%组),并分别于20、35、50、60、70、80日龄采血,检测仔猪外周淋巴细胞转化率、猪呼吸与繁殖障碍综合征抗体水平等免疫指标。结果表明,一定剂量的紫锥菊复方能显著提高仔猪外周血淋巴细胞转化率(P0.05),极显著提高猪呼吸与繁殖障碍综合征疫苗的抗体水平(P0.01)。提示中药紫锥菊复方对仔猪的免疫功能具有一定的促进作用。     

锥菊提取物对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响

试验研究紫锥菊提取物对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响.选择360只体重相近的1日龄肉鸡雏,分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只.ZZJ0组、ZZJ2组、ZZJ4组和ZZJ6组分别在基础日粮中添加0、2、4和6 g/kg的紫锥菊提取物.试验期42 d.结果 显示,ZZJ2组、ZZJ4组和ZZJ6组肉鸡的末重、平...     

紫锥菊复方对高温条件下蛋鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

为研究紫锥菊复方对高温条件下蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响,选用60周龄海兰褐蛋鸡250只,随机分为5组,试验第1~4组日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%的紫锥菊复方和0.04%维生素C,第5组为空白对照组。试验结果表明,1%紫锥菊复方和1.5%紫锥菊复方能够显著提高高温条件下蛋鸡的采食量、产蛋率(P<0.05),降低料蛋比(P<0.05);维生素C对于高温条件下蛋鸡采食量、产蛋率、料蛋比的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),但可降低蛋鸡软破蛋比率和鸡群死淘数;与对照组相比,不同浓度的紫锥菊复方和维生素C均可明显提高血清GLU、TP、ALB水平和ALP活性,降低血清TG、CHO浓度和ALT、CK活性。     

饲料中添加虾青素和VA对蛋鸡饲喂效果的研究

试验研究饲料中添加虾青素和VA对蛋鸡饲喂效果的影响。选取45周龄的1 500只海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复100只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,阳性对照组在基础日粮中添加0.25%虾青素,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.25%虾青素+4 000 IU/kg VA、0.25%虾青素+8 000 IU/kg VA、0.25%虾青素+12 000 IU/kg VA。预试期1周,正式试验期4周。结果显示,与对照组和阳性对照组相比,试验组能够显著提高蛋鸡产蛋性能,增强蛋黄颜色,提高哈夫单位,同时促进脾脏的生长发育并减缓胸腺的退化,提高新城疫抗体效价水平(P<0.05)。试验表明,在蛋鸡的基础饲料中添加虾青素和VA能提高生产性能、改善蛋品质和增强免疫功能,以0.25%虾青素+12 000 IU/kg VA添加量为最佳。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.