湖北省某县羊布鲁氏菌病群体血清流行率横断面研究

2015年初,湖北省某县启动羊布鲁氏菌病监测净化工作。为了解该县羊布鲁氏菌病的流行现状和阳性场户的地理分布,对该县1 567户养羊场户分两阶段抽样,采用虎红平板凝集和c ELISA垂直试验进行检测,获知该县羊布鲁氏菌病的群体血清流行率。结果显示:该县羊布鲁氏菌病真实群体血清流行率为2.00%,不同乡镇和不同养殖规模养羊场户的群体血清流行率分别在0~11.16%和0.67%~25.58%之间不等;检出布鲁氏菌病阳性场户74户,其分布在全县10个乡镇,主要集中在4个乡镇,以存栏量在50只以下的养羊场户居多;不同乡镇和不同养殖规模养羊场户中的布鲁氏菌病分布情况不同。调查结果提示,应根据本底调查结果,制订净化方案,实行布鲁氏菌病区域化管理,同时加强对不同流行区域间羊群移动的检疫监管。     

羊布鲁菌病的流行特点及防控措施

羊布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的人畜共患的传染病,是当前世界上危害最严重的人畜共患病之一,不仅给养殖业造成巨大经济损失,还给人的生命安全带来威胁。结合多年临床经验,就羊布鲁菌病的流行特点、临床症状、病理变化等进行介绍,并提出有效防控措施,以期为羊布鲁菌病的防控提供参考。     

奶牛布鲁菌病流行特点及净化措施

奶牛布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的一种慢性细菌性传染病,该病流行非常广泛,在世界大部分国家和地区均有发生。同时该病也是目前世界上危害较大的人畜共患病之一。其特征是引起动物生殖器官发炎,导致母畜流产、繁殖生育能力下降,公畜发生睾丸炎或附睾炎,并常常发展为不育症。人感染后表现为长期发热、多汗、关节痛以及肝、脾肿大等,危害性非常大。对奶牛布鲁氏菌病的流行特点及净化措施等方面进行阐述,以期为有效防控该病提供参考。     

布鲁菌病的流行特点及防控措施

布鲁菌病作为以牛羊为主要传播对象的全身性疾病,并在对人也有较强的传染性,在新疆这样的畜牧业大省,对其进行有效的防范就成为卫生防范疫部门的重要工作,本文以此为切入点对布鲁菌病在特定条件下的流行特点以及相应的使用于当地的防控措施进行讨论与研究.     

河南省某县羊群布鲁菌氏病横断面调查及感染风险因素分析

为了解河南省羊布鲁氏菌病流行现状以及羊养殖场感染风险因素,按照两阶段抽样检测方法,采集某县羊养殖场和散养村的羊血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集和试管凝集垂直试验进行布鲁氏菌检测。结果显示,该县散养村的羊布鲁氏菌病表观群体流行率为16.35%,真实群流行率为18.17%(95%CI:12.14%~24.20%),养殖场的表观群体流行率为22.22%,真实群流行率为25.60%(95%CI:13.87%~37.33%)。风险因素分析结果显示,“羊贩随意进出养殖场(OR=18.50,95%CI:1.82~188.39)”和“共用种公羊(OR=12.00,95%CI:1.11~129.42)”是该县羊养殖场感染布鲁氏菌的主要风险因素。结果表明,该县羊布鲁氏菌病流行较为严重,提示该县需要加强布鲁氏菌病防控,提高养羊场户的生物安全管理水平,加强散养村内种公羊的布鲁氏菌监测与净化,及时淘汰阳性羊。     

2015—2018年广西布鲁菌病流行趋势与特点

为了解近年来广西人和家畜布鲁菌病的流行趋势和特点,分设区市收集2015-2018年广西人和家畜布鲁菌病疫情的相关数据,使用统计学方法进行归纳和分析。结果表明,广西大部分县(市、区)存在布鲁菌病病例,疫情总体上升,但阳性率不高。除人外,主要发病家畜为牛、羊,多发生于3-9月份。人布鲁菌病疫情与羊、奶牛布鲁菌病疫情及奶牛存栏量呈中等相关。总体判断,广西布鲁菌病主要呈零星散发,传染源为区内外感染布鲁菌的牛羊及其产品。布鲁菌病的高风险区为牛羊优势产区、牛羊及产品流动频繁区域。风险因素包括畜牧业的快速发展,牛羊及其产品跨区域、跨省的频繁调运,调动监管失控,接触带菌牛羊及产品,饮用生鲜奶等。     

呼伦贝尔地区绵羊布鲁菌病血清抗体调查

通过对临床血清样本布鲁菌抗体检测,调查呼伦贝尔地区绵羊布鲁菌病发生与流行情况.应用虎红平板凝集试验对906份绵羊血清进行了布鲁菌血清抗体检测,结果羔羊、基础母羊和商品羊的抗体阳性率分剐为5.28%、5.68%和4.22%,总的抗体阳性率为4.86%.     

呼伦贝尔地区犬布鲁菌病血清抗体调查

通过对临床血清及血液样本布鲁菌病抗体及病原检测,调查呼伦贝尔地区犬布鲁菌病发生与流行情况.应用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验对196份犬血清进行了布鲁菌病血清抗体检测,并对血清抗体阳性的血液样本进行了病原检测,结果牧区牧羊犬、农区土犬和城市宠物犬抗体阳性率分别为59.07％、42.86％和16.67％,总的抗体阳性率为38.27％;病原分离率分别为19.44％、11.11％、8.33％,总的病原分离率为14.67％.     

布鲁菌病防控技术

主要分析了布鲁菌病的病原、易感动物、传播途径等,同时提出了具体可行的防控措施,以期为临床有效防控布鲁菌病提供参考。     

布鲁菌病防控技术

主要分析了布鲁菌病的病原、易感动物、传播途径等,同时提出了具体可行的防控措施,以期为临床有效防控布鲁菌病提供参考。     

Cross-sectional study of the association between pathological conditions and myxoma-virus seroprevalence in intensive rabbit farms in Europe

Myxomatosis is a major viral disease of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Two forms of the disease (nodular and amyxomatous) exist. The clinical diagnosis of the nodular form is easily performed on the basis of typical skin lesions whereas that of amyxomatous forms must be based on virus isolation or detection of specific antibodies to myxoma virus (MV). The seroprevalence of MV was studied between March 1998 and February 1999 in 16 farms from three European countries considered free of myxomatosis on the basis of the absence of typical clinical signs. MV antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (sensitivity 100%, specificity 90%) in all 16 farms; the seroprevalences corrected for test inaccuracy (95% confidence interval) were 55+/-7.7% and 37+/-6.1% for does and broilers, respectively. The association between herd sizes, types of rabbitries, and presence of recurrent respiratory or digestive troubles and seroprevalence of MV antibodies was tested in logistic multiple regressions. In all models, the seroprevalence of MV antibodies was significantly higher in herds (does and broilers) with recurrent respiratory or digestive troubles than in herds without these problems. The seroprevalence was also higher in herds (does and broilers) where animals were housed totally or partially in outdoors rabbitries than in totally enclosed rabbitries. The effect of herd sizes on the presence of MV antibodies was the same in does and broilers; intermediate sizes were at lower risk than the smaller and larger ones.     

Longitudinal study on the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in four German pig breeding and raising farms

There are very few current data on the prevalence of Toxoplasma (T.) gondii in German pig farms. Consequently a reliable risk assessment of human Toxoplasmosis caused by ingesting raw or improperly cooked pork and pork products is not available. The aim of this study was to show current data on T. gondii prevalence in German pig farms. In four pig farms with different management systems (three conventional, one organic) 100 animals each were selected and tested for T. gondii antibodies. The test was done four times during the period from birth to slaughtering. In one farm 20 mother sows were tested additionally. The slaughtered pigs from conventional farms showed seroprevalences between 0 and 15.2% (mean value 5.6%). At the organic system T. gondii antibodies were not detected. All slaughtered seropositive pigs (6 months old) were tested negatively at the age of 9 weeks, but shortly after birth high titres of T. gondii antibodies had been detected in the same animals. Comparing the results gained in different seasons significantly more pigs were found to be infected during the autumn/winter than in the spring/summer period. In order to assess the current risk of Toxoplasmosis more pig farms should be tested. From the point of view of consumer protection the detection of highly infected pig herds is necessary.     

规模猪场种猪布鲁氏菌病血清学调查

猪布鲁氏菌病是由猪布鲁氏杆菌（B.suis）引起的流产、睾丸炎等为特征的人畜共患病，危害畜牧业健康与公共卫生安全。为了了解延平区规模猪场种猪布鲁氏菌病感染情况，2013年对23个规模猪场901份血清样品采用琥红平板疑集试验和试管疑集试验进行初检和确诊。结果表明：被检的23个规模猪场有1个猪场检出阳性，被检血清中1份样品阳性，猪场阳性率为4.3%，样品阳性率为0.1%。     

种猪场猪伪狂犬病的血清学调查

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病毒引起的一种急性传染病。我国也有许多省市报道该病的发生，笔者对成都等20个地（市、州）部分种猪场种猪血清7405份进行了伪狂犬病抗体检测。     

Brucellosis seroprevalence in livestock in Uganda from 1998 to 2008: a retrospective study

A total of 17,359 samples were analysed serologically, of which 1,061, 15,758 and 585 samples were from Makerere, Entebbe and Tororo laboratories, respectively, were used to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 10% while from individual laboratories was 38%, 32% and 7% for Makerere, Entebbe and Tororo laboratories, respectively. Majority of these positive brucellosis test results were in the cattle corridor with P value = 0.399. There were significant differences in brucellosis seroprevalence among species (P value = 0.014). The trends of brucellosis seroprevalence among the different species were decreasing with time but were highest in bovine species (P value = 0.043). Brucellosis seroprevalence had a bimodal monthly pattern corresponding with rainfall. The study showed that brucellosis was prevalent, though the trend of the disease has declined over years. It was recommended that regular disease surveillance, control programmes and further studies be carried out in the country.     

甘肃省集约化养猪场猪伪狂犬病的调查

经血清学调查，目前甘肃省89．74％（35／39）的集约化养猪场和61．9％（13／21）的养猪专业户的猪感染染过猪的狂犬病；集约化养猪场和养猪专业户的猪血清平均抗体阳性率分别为39．06％（1075／2752）和13．1％（34／249）。结合生产现场调查和实验诊断证实，甘肃省猪伪狂犬病流行已相当广泛和严重，是造成该省近几年母猪繁殖障碍和哺乳仔猪死亡的主要疫病之一，就积极采取措施预防。     

Cross-sectional survey in pig breeding farms in Hesse, Germany: seroprevalence and risk factors of infections with Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp. and Neospora caninum in sows

A cross-sectional survey was performed to estimate the prevalences of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii (ELISA, IFAT), Sarcocystis spp. (ELISA, using S. miescheriana as antigen) and Neospora caninum (ELISA, immunoblotting) in sows from breeding farms in southern Hesse, Germany. A total of 2041 plasma samples of sows from 94 randomly selected farms was examined. Data on farm profiles, husbandry management and sows were collected by a questionnaire and exploratively analysed. For T. gondii the ELISA results agreed well with the results obtained by IFAT (kappa=0.71). Antibodies to T. gondii were detected by ELISA in 19% of the sows. Sixty-nine percent of the farms had at least one seropositive sow, and a within-farm seroprevalence of >or=50% was observed in 14% of all farms. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was positively correlated with the age of sows. The within-herd seroprevalence was significantly higher in farms with reproductive disorders than in those without such problems. On the farm level, the farm type 'piglet production' (versus 'pedigree breeding' or 'farrow-to-finish') was the only risk factor associated with the presence of T. gondii-seropositive sows. Antibodies to Sarcocystis spp. were found in 29% of the sows. Seventy-two percent of the farms harboured at least one seropositive sow, and a within-farm seroprevalence of >or=50% was detected in 23% of all farms. The seroprevalence increased significantly with the age of sows. On the farm level, only the farm type 'piglet production' (versus 'pedigree breeding') and the replacement of sows by purchasing (versus raising on the own farm) were identified as risk factors for seropositivity. Antibodies to N. caninum were detected in one sow using both the screening ELISA and the confirmatory immunoblotting technique. This may indicate the first natural N. caninum infection in pigs.     

Cross-sectional survey on Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle, sheep and pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and risk factors

Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed zoonosis with a clinical impact in the unborn fetus and in the immunosuppressed individual. In Serbia, studies of risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans have shown that the relatively high prevalence is associated mainly with consumption of undercooked meat and/or meat products. However, data on T. gondii infection in domestic animals mostly used for human consumption are scarce. We thus conducted a cross-sectional survey on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in a representative sample of cattle, sheep and pigs from different regions of Serbia between June 2002 and June 2003, and analyzed the main risk factors associated with the infection. Sera from 611 cattle (yearlings and adults of both sexes), 511 ewes, and 605 pigs (market-weight and sows), were examined for T. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test. The seroprevalences determined were 76.3% in cattle, 84.5% in sheep and 28.9% in pigs. The antibody levels ranged from 1:25 to 1:400 in cattle, and up to 1:25,600 in sheep and to 1:12,800 in pigs. Among the seropositive, the proportion of high antibody levels (> or =1:1600), suggestive of acute infection, was 10% in sheep, and 4% in pigs. Possible association of the infection with biologically plausible risk factors including gender, age, herd size/farm type, type of housing, feeding practices and region, was analyzed by univariate analysis, and variables significant at P< or =0.1 were included in multivariate logistic regression models. The results showed that risk factors for cattle were small herd size (odds ratio, OR=2.19, 95% confidence interval, CI=1.28-3.75, P=0.004) and farm location in Western Serbia (OR=2.04, 95% CI=1.10-3.79, P=0.024), while housing in stables with access to outside pens was protective (OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.21-0.67, P=0.001). In sheep, an increased risk of infection was found in ewes from state-owned flocks (OR=4.18, 95% CI=2.18-8.00, P<0.001) vs. private flocks, and, interestingly, also in those from Western Serbia (OR=4.66, 95% CI=1.18-18.32, P=0.028). In pigs, the risk of infection was highly increased in adult animals (OR=3.87, 95% CI=2.6-5.76, P<0.001), as well as in those from finishing type farms (OR=3.96, 95% CI=1.97-7.94, P<0.001). In addition to providing data on the current T. gondii seroprevalence in meat animals in Serbia, the results of this study show the main risk factors associated with infection, thereby pointing to the type of preventive measures to reduce T. gondii infection.