大肠杆菌热敏肠毒素对肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞的影响及白头翁素对其保护作用的研究

大肠杆菌病是严重危害养殖业的疾病之一,可引起动物腹泻,导致死亡,造成了较大的经济损失.研究表明,细菌产生的热敏肠毒素(heat-labile enterotoxin,LT)是引起腹泻的主要毒素之一.肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞(RIMECs)不仅构成肠道局部的血液与组织细胞间的物理屏障,保证血管内外的物质交换,并且通过合成和释放各种血管活性物质,在调节正常的血液循环、维持周围细胞环境的稳定方面具有十分重要的作用.白头翁素是传统抗腹泻中药白头翁的主要成分.本试验在建立LT损伤RIMECs体外病理模型的基础上,研究了白头翁素对其作用,以进一步了解白头翁素的抗腹泻机制.     

断奶和感染产肠毒素大肠杆菌对猪小肠吸收作用的…

本研究旨在测定断奶猪和未断奶同窝猪小肠对水分，钠，钾和氯的吸收以及确定这些值与小肠绒毛长度和隐窝深度的关系。８０头猪的小肠均分为５段，每段前端注射产肠毒素肠大杆菌（ＥＴＥＣ），后端注射对照液，在断奶时和断奶后，４、７、１１和１４天测定吸收作用。未断奶猪对液体，钾和氯的吸收不随时间而改变，而猪断奶后４、７和１４天对照肠段对水分的吸收明显减少，第４和７天牟氯的吸收低于未断奶对水分的吸收明显减少，第４和     

猪小肠微血管内皮细胞的分离培养与纯化

旨在建立简单高效的获取猪小肠微血管内皮细胞(PIMVECs)的方法。将SPF新生仔猪麻醉处死后取空肠,经酶消化后用免疫磁珠分选获得纯化的PIMVECs,并对纯化后的细胞进行免疫荧光鉴定,采用WST-1法分析传代PIMVECs的增殖情况。分离纯化的PIMVECs呈短梭形或多角形,单层贴壁生长,汇合后呈铺路石样,血管内皮细胞特异性标志物VIII因子相关抗原表达阳性,且复苏后传代细胞增殖情况良好。采用免疫磁珠分选法可以快速直接获得纯化的猪小肠微血管内皮细胞,且细胞活性良好。     

金银花链翘提取物对大肠杆菌热敏肠毒素的拮抗作用

应用兔回肠结扎试验研究了金银花连翘提取物对大肠杆菌热敏肠毒素致肠分泌的拮抗作用，实验的结果表明，金银花连翘提取物对大肠杆菌致病作用的影响至少涉及到抑菌和对热敏肠毒素的拮抗作用两个方面，且其作用提取物浓度增高而增强。     

感染产肠毒素大肠杆菌的猪小肠上皮细胞microRNA表达谱分析

试验旨在探索产肠毒素大肠杆菌（enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC）感染猪小肠上皮细胞（IPEC-J2）诱导的microRNA （miRNA）表达谱变化,为解析宿主miRNA在ETEC感染过程中的调控作用提供理论基础。利用Illumina 6000 Novoseq SE50测序平台分别对ETEC感染前后的IPEC-J2进行高通量测序,用Bowtie与参考基因组比对,用DESeq R Package进行miRNA差异性分析。通过miRanda和RNAhybid共同预测差异表达miRNA的靶基因,对差异表达miRNA靶基因进行GO功能和KEGG通路分析。随机选取5个miRNAs,对测序结果进行实时荧光定量PCR验证。结果显示,IPEC-J2在感染前后的sRNA文库经过滤分别得到12 889 260和11 203 056条clean reads。感染前后文库中,miRNA所占比例最高,分别为73.16%和54.10%;分别有97.98%和69.83%长度为18~40 nt的sRNA可比对到参考基因组,表明测序质控良好。长度在22~24 nt的序列大部分首位碱基偏向U,2~8位点出现频率最高的碱基分别为AGCUUAU。共发现311个已知miRNAs,128个新miRNAs。在2个文库中,长度为23 nt的miRNA序列占比最高,分别为41.42%和23.56%。感染后共筛选到140个差异表达miRNAs,其中74个表达上调,66个表达下调。GO分析表明,miRNA靶基因显著富集于代谢过程、正向调节代谢过程、细胞成分或生物合成、免疫系统、细胞内部分和细胞器等功能。KEGG分析表明,差异表达miRNA靶基因显著富集于赖氨酸降解、生产IgA的肠道免疫网络、NF-κB信号通路和T细胞受体信号通路等。实时荧光定量PCR验证结果表明,随机选取的5个miRNAs表达趋势与测序结果一致,表明测序准确可靠。综上所述,IPEC-J2的miRNAs参与了ETEC感染过程,为进一步揭示调控ETEC感染的关键miRNA及其作用机制提供科学依据。     

肠毒素对微血管内皮细胞功能影响的研究进展

大肠杆菌中产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)对幼畜消化道有致病性,初生幼畜特别易感,1980年Bergland报道,从断乳前腹泻仔猪中分离到ETEC的几率为45.6%,其频度比球虫(23%)和轮状病毒(20.9%)感染的总和还多。所以对产肠毒素的研究是非常必要的。本文就产肠毒素对微循环和微血管内皮细胞功能的影响作以下综述。一产肠毒素简介产肠毒素是ETEC在体内或体外生长时产生并分泌到胞外的一种蛋白质性毒素,按其对热的耐受性还可分为热敏感肠毒素(heat-labiletoxinLT)和热稳定肠毒素(heatstabletoxinST)。LT对热敏感,65℃加热30min既被灭活。LT全毒素分…     

金银花连翘提取物对大肠杆菌热敏肠毒素的拮抗作用

应用兔回肠结扎试验研究了金银花连翘提取物对大肠杆菌热敏肠毒素（ＬＴ）致肠分泌的拮抗作用。实验的结果表明，金银花连翘提取物对大肠杆菌致病作用的影响至少涉及到抑菌和对热敏肠毒素的拮抗作用两个方面，且其作用随提取物浓度增高而增强。     

猪大肠杆菌热敏肠毒素A亚基基因的克隆及核苷酸序列分析

本文克隆了含猪源肠毒素大肠杆菌ＬＴＡ基因的６．７ｋｂ ＥｃｏＲＩ酶切片段，进行了限制酶图谱分析和核苷酸序列测定，共测定了１０９３ｂｐ的核苷酸序列，其中ＬＴＡ亚基基因编码区长７６５ｂｐ，编码２５４个氨基酸的蛋白质；计算分子量为２９６５２；氨基酸组成表明，ＬＴＡ富含带电荷的精氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸，同时酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸也异常的高。     

热敏肠毒素促进产肠毒素大肠杆菌对小肠上皮细胞系IPEC-J2的黏附的初步研究

本试验利用PCR技术,以K88ac标准株C83902基因组DNA为模板扩增出热敏肠毒素(heat-labile toxins,LT)基因,大小约1.1 kb。将其克隆入表达质粒载体pACYC184,构建和筛选出含正确插入LT基因的pACYC-LT重组质粒。采用同样方法,构建和筛选出两种含点突变LT基因的重组质粒(pACYC-LT72和pACYC-LT192)。进一步将上述重组质粒DNA转化入不表达任何毒素的大肠杆菌SE5000株。GM1-ELISA结果表明,上述重组菌均能在体外正常表达LT毒素蛋白。以猪小肠上皮细胞系IPEC-J2为模型,比较了表达和不表达LT的细菌对细胞黏附性能。数据表明,LT的表达使细菌对肠上皮细胞的黏附效应明显增加(12.3±3.4倍)。两种LT毒素蛋白的单氨基酸突变体的表达证明了LT毒素的ADP核糖基化作用对其增强致病菌对肠细胞的黏附作用是必要的。蛋白激酶A的抑制剂Rp-cAMP、腺苷酸环化酶的抑制剂DDA和LT毒素的受体GM1都可阻断LT毒素对细菌黏附性能的提升作用。     

Effects of intraluminal glucose on intestinal secretion induced by heat stable and heat labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin, cholera toxin and theophylline.

Glucose, l-alanine, l-aspartate, l-methionine and glycine enhanced net fluid and electrolyte absorption in acute isolated loops of the proximal jejunum of weanling swine. The effect of glucose on intestinal secretion induced by heat stable and heat labile Escherichia coli entero-toxin, cholera toxin and theophylline was examined in both the proximal and distal jejunum of weanling swine. In the proximal jejunum glucose enhanced the rate of net fluid and electrolyte absorption. This increase was accompanied by an increase in unidirectional dosium absorption. In loops exposed to either heat stable or heat labile enterotoxins, glucose significantly decreased the rate of net fluid and electrolyte secretion. The magnitude of glucose enhancement in loops exposed to heat stable and heat labile enterotoxins was similar to adjacent control loops. However, glucose enhancement did not occur in loops exposed previously to cholera toxin or concurrently to theophylline. Therefore, cholera toxin and theophylline may inhibit substrate dependent sodium absorption in the proximal jejunum. In the distal jejunum glucose enhancement did occur but the rate of enhancement was less than in the proximal jejunum. In this region glucose enhancement was not evident in loops exposed to either theophylline, heat stable, heat labile or cholera toxin.     

唾液酸受体在大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞中的表达

肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞在肠道中广泛存在,为研究流感病毒唾液酸α2,3半乳糖(SAα2,3Gal)和α2,6半乳糖(SAα2,6Gal)两种受体在肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞表面的表达情况,本试验利用植物凝集素免疫荧光染色方法和流式细胞术分别进行了定性和定量分析。结果显示,大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞(RIM-MVECs)表面同时表达唾液酸α2,3-半乳糖和α2,6-半乳糖两种受体,即同时表达人流感病毒受体和禽流感病毒受体,并且唾液酸α2,6半乳糖的表达量显著高于α2,3半乳糖受体的表达量。该试验结果表明,RIM-MVECs可以被人源和禽源流感病毒感染,且更易被人源流感病毒感染。     

白头翁素对RIMEC分泌功能的影响

目的：探讨白头翁素对细菌脂多糖（LPS）诱导的肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞（RIMEC）内皮素（ET-Ⅰ）和一氧化氮（NO）分泌增加的影响.方法：以体外培养的大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞（RIMEC）为试验模型,ET-Ⅰ测定采用酶联免疫技术,NO测定采用还原酶法.结果：白头翁素10 μg/ml、5 μg/ml、1 μg/ml预孵2 h加入1 μg/ml的LPS刺激12 h后.白头翁素组1 μg/ml ET-Ⅰ分泌显著低于LPS组（P＜0.05）,5 μg/ml、10 μg/ml白头翁素组ET-Ⅰ分泌极显著低于LPS组（P＜0.01）;10 μg/ml、5 μg/ml、1 μg/ml白头翁素组NO分泌极显著低于LPS组（P＜0.01） 结论：白头翁素可以下调LPS诱导的ET-Ⅰ和NO分泌增加,这可能是白头翁的抗炎机制之一.     

Effect of age on activation of porcine intestinal guanylate cyclase and binding of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) to porcine intestinal cells and brush border membranes.

Development of age-dependent resistance to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was studied, using isolated enterocytes and brush border membranes (BBM) from 7-day-old and 7-week-old pigs. Binding of 125I-labeled heat-stable (125I-STa) enterotoxin to enterocytes and BBM was specific, temperature- and time-dependent, saturable, and partially reversible. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of receptors. Mean +/- SD avidity of binding (apparent affinity constant, Ka) of 125I-STa to enterocytes from 7-day-old and 7-week-old pigs was 2.14 +/- 0.29 x 10(8) and 2.72 +/- 0.25 x 10(8) L/mol, respectively. Numbers of STa receptors were calculated to be 64,903 +/- 2,900/enterocyte for 7-day-old pigs and 53,029 +/- 3,117/enterocyte for 7-week-old pigs. Numbers of STa receptors expressed per milligram of BBM protein from 7-day-old pigs were 2.66 x 10(11), compared with 2.29 x 10(11) for BBM from 7-week-old pigs. By 5 minutes after addition of STa to reaction mixtures, intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentration increased 13.9-fold in enterocytes from 7-day-old pigs and 8.7-fold in enterocytes from 7-week-old pigs. The particulate guanylate cyclase activity associated with BBM from 7-week-old pigs was slightly more sensitive to low amounts of STa, compared with BBM from 7-day-old pigs; however, differences were not observed at intermediate and high amounts. These data indicate that lack of a secretory response to STa by older pigs is not attributable either to decreased numbers of STa receptors or to decreased signal response between the STa receptor and membrane-bound guanylate cyclase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Interactions of Haemophilus parasuis and its LOS with porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells

Haemophilus parasuis is a swine pathogen that causes Gl?sser's disease, which is characterized by polyserositis and meningitis. The pathogenesis of the H. parasuis infection is poorly understood. To cause meningitis, H. parasuis has to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS). We recently showed that H. parasuis adheres to and invades porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells (PBMEC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of H. parasuis lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in the adhesion to PBMEC and to determine if H. parasuis (and/or its LOS) is able to induce apoptosis and activation of PBMEC. Results showed that adhesion of H. parasuis to PBMEC was partially mediated by LOS. Moreover, H. parasuis induces caspase-3-mediated apoptosis of PBMEC in a time--and dose--dependent manner, but its LOS did not seem to be involved in such a process. Furthermore, H. parasuis and, to a lesser extent, its LOS, was able to induce the release of IL-8 and IL-6 by PBMEC. Field strains of H. parasuis serotypes 4 and 5 induced similar levels of these inflammatory mediators. Our data suggest that H. parasuis uses cellular adhesion, induction of apoptosis and up-regulation of inflammatory mediators as mechanisms to invade the CNS via the BBB, and that LOS would play a certain but limited role in such pathological process.     

The effect of cholera toxin and heat labile and heat stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin on cyclic AMP concentrations in small intestinal mucosa of pig and rabbit.

The effect of cholera toxin, heat labile and heat stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin on mucosal cyclic AMP concentrations was determined on the proximal jejunum of weanling pigs and young rabbits. Ligated loops were injected with solutions containing no enterotoxin for control and either cholera toxin, heat labile or heat stable E. coli enterotoxin. The loops were drained after either two, four or six hours incubation at which time accumulated fluid was recorded and mucosal samples removed for determination of cyclic AMP concentration. In the rabbit, cholera toxin and heat labile, but not heat stable E. coli enterotoxin stimulated intestinal secretion while in the pig all three enterotoxins induced net fluid accumulation. Cholera toxin and heat labile, but not heat stable E. coli enterotoxin elevated rabbit mucosal cyclic AMP concentrations. In the pig these enterotoxins had no significant effect on mucosal cyclic AMP concentrations. The results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the adenyl cyclase system is an essential step for enterotoxin induced intestinal secretion. The activation of intestinal adenyl cyclase by bacterial enterotoxins may only be an associated and not a necessary event for the stimulation of intestinal secretion.     

中药方剂五苓散对SLT-2e影响大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞分泌NO的观察

将中药方剂五苓散和志贺样毒素Ⅱ型变异体(SLT-2e)分别加入大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞(RIM-VEC)培养板中培养1、3、6和9h,观察五苓散及其抗SLT-2e对RIMVEC分泌NO的影响。结果:普通中药组中10μL/mL五苓散浓度在1-9h内使NO浓度升高;治疗组五苓散浓度0.1μL/mL、1μL/mL、10μL/mL在9h时内皮细胞分泌NO差异不显著;预防组0.1μL/mL在1-6h时变化不明显,在9h时NO升高;1μL/mL、10μL/mL在6h时NO量分泌最高,9h时下降。提示一定量的五苓散可使RIMVEC的NO分泌量升高(P<0.05);治疗组五苓散使NO分泌量不升高,预防组五苓散可使内皮细胞分泌NO量升高(P<0.05)。     

Effect of different treatments on the activity of the heat labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli F11(P155).

A whole cell lysate preparation of the Escherichia coli strain F11(P155) was treated with the following agents: heat (60 degrees C for 30 minutes), pronase, lipase, amylase, formalin (0.1%), sodium lauryl sulfate (0.05%) and sarkosyl NL30 (0.05%). Except for the amylase treatment, the treated whole cell lysate was inactivated when tested in rabbit gut loops or on Chinese hamster ovary cells. The preparations treated with heat or formalin could be used to produce a neutralizing antiserum or could remove the neutralizing capacity of an anti-F11(P155) serum. Finally, the attempt to demonstrate enterotoxicity with the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterial cell failed.     

Characterization of isolated porcine intestinal mucosal mast cells following infection with Ascaris suum

Porcine intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC) were isolated from intestinal tissues of swine by enzymatic digestion and density gradient separation. Helminth-free swine and swine exposed to the nematode parasite, Ascaris suum, were used as a source of intestinal tissue. Up to 40% of the isolated intestinal cells stained metachromatically with toluidine blue pH 3.0, indicating the presence of IMMC. The histamine content of this cell population ranged from 2.9-8.9 pg per toluidine blue-positive IMMC, regardless of the animal source. Enrichment procedures that increased the proportion of toluidine blue-positive IMMC from the isolated intestinal cell population correlated with an increase in the amount of histamine detected in the cell population, indicating that toluidine blue-positive IMMC were the major source of histamine in this heterogeneous cell population. However, only cells isolated from the intestines of parasite-exposed swine released histamine in vitro after mixing with antigens derived from A. suum. Cells from the intestines of both helminth-free and parasite-exposed swine did not release histamine after mixing with a non-parasite hapten-protein molecule DNP-human serum albumin, but did release greater than 90% of their total histamine after lysis with Triton X-100 or with the Ca2+ ionophore (A23187). The stimulus for acquired responsiveness of IMMC to A. suum antigens in vitro was parasitic infection in vivo because helminth-free swine maintained in confinement on concrete yielded IMMC that specifically released histamine in the presence of parasite antigens only after 3 weeks of daily experimental inoculations with A. suum eggs. IMMC isolated from the entire length of the small intestines of infected pigs were responsive to antigens in vitro, but the relative number of IMMC isolated and their level of histamine release decreased from the anterior to the posterior end. IMMC isolated from infected swine were also stimulated to release histamine in vitro by viable second stage larvae of A. suum and by treatment with anti-swine immunoglobulin. Responsiveness to both parasite antigens and anti-immunoglobulin were totally eliminated, however, by a brief treatment of the cells with acidic buffer, suggesting that an acid-dissociable cell-bound antibody molecule was responsible for specific antigen-induced histamine release by IMMC.