湖南省长沙市羊布鲁氏菌病基线调查

为了解湖南省长沙市布鲁氏菌病流行现状,对奶羊养殖场(户)和种羊场采用普查策略,对其他羊养殖场(户)采用两阶抽样策略,选择羊群并选定群体中个体,采集血样进行布鲁氏菌抗体检测。同时,通过问卷调查和查阅资料等方式,分析布鲁氏菌病感染和传播风险。结果显示:全市羊布鲁氏菌病表观场群流行率为1.54%(95%CI:0.42%~3.91%),表观个体流行率为0.60%(95%CI:0.43%~0.80%);4个阳性群集中分布于长沙县和宁乡县;和以往监测数据相比,长沙市的羊群布鲁氏菌病流行率和人间发病率均呈下降趋势,说明前期的防治策略取得积极成效。总体来说,长沙市布鲁氏菌病流行率较低,疫情处于稳定控制状态,因而可以分区域逐步实现全市布鲁氏菌病净化。     

湖南省宁乡县羊群布鲁氏菌病横断面研究

为了解湖南省宁乡县羊群布鲁氏菌病的感染情况,同时为该地羊群布鲁氏菌病防控提供数据支撑,针对宁乡县养羊户进行了布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查。结果显示:宁乡县羊群布鲁氏菌病流行率为5.02%(95%CI:3.36%~7.19%),个体真实流行率为7.44%(95%CI:6.57%~8.38%);从空间分布来看,布鲁氏菌病集中流行于养羊较多的中部丘陵地区,且感染相对严重。建议根据布鲁氏菌病流行程度,分区域逐步开展疫病净化工作。     

河南省某县羊群布鲁菌氏病横断面调查及感染风险因素分析

为了解河南省羊布鲁氏菌病流行现状以及羊养殖场感染风险因素,按照两阶段抽样检测方法,采集某县羊养殖场和散养村的羊血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集和试管凝集垂直试验进行布鲁氏菌检测。结果显示,该县散养村的羊布鲁氏菌病表观群体流行率为16.35%,真实群流行率为18.17%(95%CI:12.14%~24.20%),养殖场的表观群体流行率为22.22%,真实群流行率为25.60%(95%CI:13.87%~37.33%)。风险因素分析结果显示,“羊贩随意进出养殖场(OR=18.50,95%CI:1.82~188.39)”和“共用种公羊(OR=12.00,95%CI:1.11~129.42)”是该县羊养殖场感染布鲁氏菌的主要风险因素。结果表明,该县羊布鲁氏菌病流行较为严重,提示该县需要加强布鲁氏菌病防控,提高养羊场户的生物安全管理水平,加强散养村内种公羊的布鲁氏菌监测与净化,及时淘汰阳性羊。     

辽宁省大连市羊群布鲁氏菌病横断面研究

本研究采用横断面研究方法,通过两个阶段的随机抽样检测,结合问卷调查,获得大连市羊群布鲁氏菌病血清流行率及感染风险因素,初步了解了当地养羊场户对布鲁氏菌病防控相关知识的掌握情况和行为实践特点。研究结果表明,大连市羊布鲁氏菌病场群血清流行率为8.89%(95%CI:6.14%~11.63%)。从饲养模式看,调查的6个种羊场均无布鲁氏菌病感染,而商品代饲养场和散养村羊群布鲁氏菌病血清流行率分别为13.33%(95%CI:5.64%~21.03%)和8.21%(95%CI:5.24%~11.17%),差异不显著(X~2=1.93,p=0.170.05)。从饲养品种看,不同品种羊群之间的布鲁氏菌病血清流行率差异也不显著(X~2=0.15,p=0.930.05)。单因素分析结果表明,"与其他养羊场户共用种公羊""产后胎衣丢弃和喂狗""流产物喂狗""与其他养羊场户共用交通工具""近一年羊贩子进羊圈""近一年在交易市场买卖羊"等行为是羊群感染布鲁氏菌病的风险因素,而"购入前检测布鲁氏疾病"是显著的保护性因素。进一步的logistic回归分析表明,"近一年在交易市场买卖羊"(OR=4.91,95%CI:1.57%~15.35%)"流产物处理不当"(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.06%~3.30%)是主要的羊群布鲁氏菌病感染风险因素。"知信行"调查结果表明,大连市养羊从业者对布鲁氏菌病的认知程度较好,说明兽医部门的宣传工作有成效。但从行为实践角度来看,仍有部分养羊场户存有侥幸心理,在日常养殖和生活中不采取降低布鲁氏菌病感染风险的措施。     

2016—2018年安徽省牛羊布鲁氏菌病血清学监测

为掌握安徽省牛羊布鲁氏菌病流行情况，2016—2018年，每年从全省16个地市、2个直管县的种用场、商品代场和散养户，随机抽取不同数量的牛羊血清样品，进行布鲁氏菌病虎红平板凝集试验初筛和试管凝集试验复检。结果显示，2016—2018年，安徽省牛羊布鲁氏菌病群体表观流行率分别为0.58%、0.66%和0.50%，个体表观流行率分别为0.05%、0.09%和0.14%，群体真实流行率分别为0（95%CI：0~3.2%），0（95%CI：0.1%~1.9%）和0（95%CI：0.2%~1.2%），阳性样品主要来自商品代场。结果表明，安徽省连续3年牛羊布鲁氏菌病流行率保持在较低水平，出现区域性流行的风险较小，但需持续加强监测，加强引种检疫监管，重点推进商品代场的布鲁氏菌病净化工作。     

2017年山东省威海市牛羊布鲁氏菌病基线调查

[目的] 掌握山东省威海市牛羊布鲁氏菌病的基线,分析人畜间布鲁氏菌病感染情况,查找布鲁氏菌病的传播风险因素,为该地区布鲁氏菌病防控决策提供数据支撑。[方法] 采用两级采样策略,选择牛羊群和选定群体中的个体,采集血清进行布鲁氏菌病检测。同时,通过问卷调查、档案查阅等方式,分析人畜布鲁氏菌病感染和传播的风险因素。[结果] 在牛群中未检出布鲁氏菌病阳性;羊群布鲁氏菌病表观群体流行率为0.48%（95%CI：0.10%~0.86%）,个体表观流行率为0.41%（95%CI：0.33%~0.49%）。[结论] 威海市家畜布鲁氏菌病净化效果较好,疫情处于稳定控制状态;羊饲养户跨地区调入活羊时不申报落地检疫,未隔离就混群饲养,是导致布鲁氏菌病传入的主要风险因素;多途径接触发病动物、产品及污染物是人感染布鲁氏菌病的主要原因。需持续通过定期监测、禁止免疫、控制流通、强化监督等综合防控策略来净化和根除该病;应继续加强有关布鲁氏菌病的宣传教育,提高养殖户、牛羊屠宰加工人员等风险人群的风险防患和自我保护意识,降低布鲁氏菌病传入以及感染人的风险。     

河南省平顶山市奶牛布鲁氏菌病流行率及场间传播风险横断面研究

为估算河南省平顶山市奶牛布鲁氏菌病的流行率,分析可能的场间传播风险因素,对该地区68个奶牛养殖场（户）进行流行病学调查。采用虎红平板凝集和试管凝集试验垂直检测方法,估计的奶牛布鲁氏菌病群体表观流行率（AP）为11.76%,个体AP为2.22%（95%CI,1.97%~2.49%）,真实表观流行率（TP）为0.28%（95%CI,0.12%~0.50%）。Logistic回归分析表明,场区没有有效隔离、不能自繁自养、调入奶牛没有隔离栏舍是奶牛布鲁氏菌病场间传播的潜在风险因素。建立的回归模型拟合度较好（P=0.05）,ROC曲线面积为0.871（95%CI,0.817~0.964）,预测概率较好。结果表明,平顶山市奶牛布鲁氏菌病流行率较低,整体控制效果良好,但存在一些潜在场间传播风险因素,需要加强防范,并应持续开展净化工作。本研究可为该地区奶牛布鲁氏菌病防控策略改进及净化示范区工作推进提供数据支持。     

江苏省牛羊布鲁氏菌病初步调查

为摸清江苏省牛羊养殖结构和布鲁氏菌病流行情况,从而为该病防控决策的制定提供借鉴,采用预设表格登记方法,了解全省牛羊养殖、调入和免疫情况;采用分层抽样方法,在每县随机抽取24个牛羊场,每场24份血清样品,进行虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)组合检测,了解布鲁氏菌病感染情况。结果显示:江苏省牛规模养殖占比83.06%,羊规模养殖占比52.47%,规模化程度较高;外地调入数量较少,但来源地较广;部分牛羊实施了布鲁氏菌病免疫;牛群布鲁氏菌病阳性率为2.93%(95%CI:1.01%~4.84%),个体阳性率为0.28%(95%CI:0.21%~0.35%);羊群中未检出布鲁氏菌病阳性。结果表明:江苏省牛羊布鲁氏菌病感染水平较低,利于净化;对其防控,须阻断活畜从一类地区调入,禁止布鲁氏菌病免疫。     

2023年山东省某市牛羊布鲁氏菌病横断面调查

为掌握山东省A市牛羊布鲁氏菌病（以下简称“布病”）流行情况,为布病防控决策提供数据支撑,采用横断面调查研究方法,运用普查抽样策略,对A市牛羊存栏量、布病流行率及不同规模场群布病流行情况进行了调查。结果显示：牛布病场群表观流行率和个体表观流行率分别为0.64%(95%CI:0～1.52%)和0.03%(95%CI:0～0.07%),羊布病场群表观流行率和个体表观流行率分别为3.37%(95%CI:2.07%～4.67%)和0.39%(95%CI:0.34%～0.44%)。规模<50头（只）场群的场群表观流行率最低,与存栏50～99和100～499头（只）场群均具有统计学差异（P <0.05）。阳性场群复检的场群表观流行率（25.00%）高于全市整体布病场群表观流行率（3.40%）,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。以上结果表明：该市牛布病流行率较低,处于稳定控制状态,羊布病流行率稍高,需在后续监测净化中重点关注;不同规模场群的布病场群流行率存在差异,养殖规模较大的场群流行率较高,这为探寻风险因素提供了方向;阳性场群布病复发风险较高,今后在布病防控中应对阳性场群开展持...     

新疆乌鲁木齐市犬布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查

为了解新疆乌鲁木齐市犬布鲁氏菌病流行特征,分析犬感染风险因素,初步掌握养犬人员对布鲁氏菌病的认知程度和行为特点,从而提出合理的预防对策和控制措施,采用流行病学横断面研究方法,通过估计流行率计算抽样数量,然后随机抽样,采用IELISA方法检测光滑型和粗糙型犬布鲁氏菌,同时结合调查问卷,获得乌鲁木齐市犬布鲁氏菌病流行率、感染风险因素和养犬人员对布鲁氏菌病认知情况,并对调查结果采用SPSS和Excel软件进行数据统计分析。结果显示:乌鲁木齐市犬布鲁氏菌病总流行率为25.5%(95%CI:20.9%~30.1%),且犬种和牛羊种并存,公共卫生威胁严重;从不同群体看,牧区流行率最高,为41.5%(95%CI:31.0%~52.0%);外购、散养、常接触牛羊、喂生肉、不处理犬粪便等行为是乌鲁木齐市犬布鲁氏菌感染的潜在风险因素,其中"常接触牛羊"(OR=1.97,95%CI:1.47~15.35)、"喂生肉"(OR=5.06,95%CI:1.69~20.74)是主要风险因素;乌鲁木齐市养犬人员对布鲁氏菌病的认知程度低,个人防护意识差。因此,应加强对犬感染牛羊种布鲁氏菌的公共卫生防控,减少犬与牛羊的直接接触,不喂生肉,定期开展犬布鲁氏菌病专项检测,同时加强宣传,提高养犬人员的布鲁氏菌病认知度。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.