德江县山羊布鲁氏菌病和O型口蹄疫血清学调查

为了解德江县山羊布鲁氏菌病感染情况和O型口蹄疫免疫效果,采集21个乡(镇、街道)山羊血清2 498份,采用琥红平板凝集试验法进行布鲁氏菌病检测,阳性血清用试管凝集法复核;采用阻断ELISA法进行O型口蹄疫免疫抗体检测。结果:山羊血清布鲁氏菌病阳性率为3.76%(94/2 498);O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率为64.01%(1 307/2 042)。     

布鲁氏菌病活疫苗（M5株）和口蹄疫灭活疫苗同时免疫绵羊的试验

为研究布鲁氏菌病活疫苗(M5株)和口蹄疫灭活疫苗同时免疫绵羊后的效果,选择50只育肥羊,分别用布鲁氏菌病活疫苗(M5株)和口蹄疫O型、亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活苗,同时对绵羊进行注射免疫,30 d后采血检测免疫抗体。结果表明:布鲁氏菌病虎红平板凝集抗体阳性率达100%,且均呈强阳性反应;O型和亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫抗体合格率分别达78%和80%。试验结果初步证明,布鲁氏菌病活疫苗(M5株)和口蹄疫O型、亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗同时对绵羊进行免疫,同样可以达到预期的免疫效果。     

鲁山县尧山白山羊3种疫病血清学调查

研究旨在掌握河南省鲁山县尧山白山羊常见疫病流行情况,为进一步防控疫病提供基础数据。应用虎红平板凝集试验、试管凝集试验、ELISA试验和正向间接红细胞凝集试验对鲁山县不同羊场共563份血清样品进行了布鲁氏菌病、副结核病流行学和O型口蹄疫免疫抗体监测。结果表明:鲁山县尧山白山羊O型口蹄疫抗体效价合格率94.49%;副结核病阳性率7.28%;应用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验诊断布鲁氏菌病,阳性率分别为3.55%和3.02%,两种方法检测阳性率差异较小。说明布鲁氏菌病和副结核病在被调查羊群中广泛流行,应引起养殖户和相关防疫部门的重视;山羊O型口蹄疫免疫与防制工作较为有效,但仍需提高警惕。     

青海省海北州藏系绵羊种羊几种疫病的血清学调查

为了保证外调藏系种羊不感染疫病及无疫病病原传播,对筛选出的准备调运的藏系种羊进行疫病的血清学调查,试验分别采用布鲁氏菌试管凝集试验、小反刍兽疫病毒抗体直接竞争ELISA方法、口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体单克隆抗体阻断ELISA方法和口蹄疫O型液相阻断ELISA方法对藏系绵羊30份血清样品进行了布鲁氏菌、小反刍兽疫、口蹄疫自然感染和疫苗免疫的血清学抗体检测。结果表明:所有被检血清中均未检出布鲁氏菌和自然感染口蹄疫病毒抗体阳性血清。小反刍兽疫和口蹄疫疫苗免疫抗体水平检测显示,小反刍兽疫免疫抗体阳性血清30份,阳性率为100%;口蹄疫免疫抗体阳性血清28份、可疑血清1份、阴性血清1份,阳性率为93.33%,阳性血清免疫抗体效价均大于1∶128(保护率大于99.00%),可疑血清免疫抗体效价1∶90(保护率大于50.00%),阴性血清免疫抗体效价小于1∶2(不保护)。说明此次海北州筛选的藏系绵羊种羊未感染上述疫病,且疫苗免疫抗体效价水平较好,适合作为外调种羊。     

广西某种山羊养殖场布鲁氏菌病和口蹄疫的血清学调查

为了解广西某规模化种山羊养殖场羊群的健康状况,采用虎红平板凝集试验及正向间接红细胞凝集试验对随机抽取的羊血清进行布鲁氏菌感染情况和口蹄疫免疫效果调查。结果表明:45份羊血清中,41份为布鲁氏菌阴性,4份为阳性,阳性率为8.89%;56份羊血清中,O型口蹄疫血清抗体检测合格40份,合格率为71.43%。说明调查的羊群有布鲁氏菌病感染,需及时淘汰阳性病羊,逐步净化羊场;O型口蹄疫的免疫合格率达到农业部规定的标准(≥70%),但生产要求免疫合格率达到80%以上才能更好地保护羊群,建议该养殖场加强口蹄疫的免疫工作,提高羊群的免疫力。     

2019—2021年广西梧州市羊传染病的检测与分析

口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫、布鲁氏菌病是严重危害羊群的传染病,前二者属于我国一类动物疫病,末者属于人兽共患传染病。本研究于2019—2021年对广西梧州市羊群O型口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫实施免疫,对羊布鲁氏菌病实施非免疫监测净化,并采集羊血清8,691份、羊眼棉拭子和组织1,920份进行检测。结果是2019—2021年免疫羊O型口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫分别为9.13万只和7.75万只,应免免疫密度均为100%,个体免疫抗体合格率分别为85.42%～91.74%和90.98%～97.3%,群体免疫合格率分别为88.37%～94.29%和95.0%～97.67%。小反刍兽疫病毒检测均为阴性。羊布鲁氏菌病三年总体个体阳性率为0.03%,群体阳性率为0.65%。结果表明,广西梧州市羊口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫免疫效果良好,可以阻断这两个病种大面积流行;羊布鲁氏菌病处于稳定控制状态。     

2003～2013年梧州市奶牛主要疫病流行病学调查

本文主要目的是摸清楚梧州市奶牛主要疫病流行情况,在2003～2013年实施持续跟踪监测,通过皮内变态反应试验对监测130场（户）860头奶牛实施奶牛结核病、通过虎红平板凝集试验对125场（户）1039头奶牛实施奶牛布鲁氏菌病监测及通过液相阻断试验对全市7个县22场（户）202头家畜实施A型口蹄疫非免疫抗体监测,从监测数据结果显示奶牛结核病监测阳数逐年下降,表明实施持续监测效果明显,但仍需要持续监测;奶牛布鲁氏菌病血清监测阳性分别在2006年及2013年出现,其余年份均为阴性,表明布鲁氏菌病防控仍然艰巨;2009年监测奶牛、肉牛、羊及猪的A型口蹄疫非免疫抗体监测中发现只有奶牛血清抗体出现阳性,说明对奶牛易受到A型口蹄疫威胁,其余家畜未受到A型口蹄疫威胁.     

开阳县中小规模养殖场口蹄疫监测分析

为了解开阳县中小规模养殖场的口蹄疫防控情况,采用ELISA试验对52个中小规模养殖场猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体和口蹄疫非结构蛋白3-ABC抗体进行检测,检测出3-ABC抗体阳性病例进一步通过RT-PCR检测口蹄疫病毒确诊。结果:猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体共检测1 684份,合格率88.3%(1 487/1 684);口蹄疫非结构蛋白3-ABC抗体共检测1 684份,3-ABC抗体阳性9份,阳性率0.53%(9/1 684),进一步通过RT-PCR检测口蹄疫病毒,结果为阴性。结果表明,开阳县中小规模养猪场的猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体效价达到国家农业部标准,有良好的免疫保护效果,没有检测出口蹄疫病毒,口蹄疫的防控处于良好状态。     

牛4种主要传染病的检测与分析

[目的]旨在研究口蹄疫、布鲁氏菌病、牛结核病、牛结节性皮肤病等4种牛主要传染病的免疫效果和流行情况。[方法]采用疫苗对口蹄疫、牛结节性皮肤病免疫,针对性使用荧光PCR、ELISA方法以及虎红平板凝集试验、皮内变态反应试验对上述4种牛病进行检测。[结果]免疫牛口蹄疫10.21万头次,检测血清1 534份和组织样品233份,口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率94.33%,口蹄疫病毒为阴性。使用山羊痘疫苗免疫牛结节性皮肤病2.89万头次,检测口鼻拭子/抗凝样品200份,牛结节性皮肤病病毒为阴性。监测牛布鲁氏菌病血清2 380份,阳性率为0.17%。监测牛结核病1 291头,阳性率为0.23%。[结论]口蹄疫、牛结节性皮肤病免疫效果良好,达到阻断病毒感染和传播目的。布鲁氏菌病、牛结核病总体上分别达到控制标准和净化标准,但“两病”仍有零星发生,需要加强牛只调运监管检疫。     

肉牛口蹄疫免疫抗体、3ABC抗体、RT-PCR核酸检测结果分析

[目的]为了掌握肉牛口蹄疫免疫抗体检测结果、口蹄疫非结构蛋白3ABC抗体检测结果、口蹄疫O-P液RT-PCR核酸检测结果三者的相关性,[方法]张掖市动物疫病预防控制中心对甘州区28头肉牛开展相关检测。[结果]检测结果表明:O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率28份,合格率100%,3ABC抗体阳性27份,阳性率96.4%;对3ABC抗体阳性的27头牛分2次进行实时荧光RT-PCR核酸检测,被检的27头牛均为阴性。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …