大贵寺国家森林公园蝶类资源调查研究

报道了2005年夏季大贵寺国家森林公园蝶类名录。此次考察鉴定出蝶类74种,隶属7科42属。凤蝶科4属16种,粉蝶科6属12种,眼蝶科4属21种,蛱蝶科17属23种,喙蝶科1属1种,灰蝶科6属6种,弄蝶科4属7种。其中,有28种为本地区新纪录,7种为湖北省新记录。根据调查结果,对蝶类的区系结构进行了分析,表明该地区蝴蝶以东洋种为主。     

汉阴县毒蛾科昆虫区系初探

经调查和查阅文献,汉阴县毒蛾科昆虫共有8属49种,其中黄毒蛾属、白毒蛾属、雪毒蛾属、盗毒蛾属等4属的种数占汉阴县总种数46.9%,是汉阴毒蛾科区系的主要组成成分和优势类群;区系组成方面,古北界7种、占全县总种数的14.0%,东洋界30种、占全县总种数61.2%,古北—东洋界分布种8种、占全县总种数16.3%,古北-新北界分布种仅3种、占全县总种数6.1%,东洋界种类是汉阴县毒蛾科区系的主要组分。     

南岭林区斑蝶科与环蝶科区系及冰冻灾害对其的胁迫作用

南岭是南北动植物的分界线、起源和分化中心,生物资源十分丰富,巳发现斑蝶15种,环蝶8种,其种群数位居我国各保护区之首,分布于东洋区的斑蝶和环蝶占总数78.26%;东洋区和古北区共有种1种;跨区系分布的有4种。南岭斑蝶和环蝶与海南蝶类相似百分率分别高达77.27%和75.0%,说明它们主要由热带区域扩散而至。今年初的雨雪冰冻灾害使南岭海拨500-1000m森林生态遭受严重破坏,斑蝶和环蝶在林中的种群密度骤降,5次调查累计只发现的斑蝶和环蝶7种,只占常年见到的30.43%;种群密度则是南岭各科蝶类中居最低。     

南京紫金山国家森林公园蝶类调查分析

报道了南京紫金山国家森林公园蝶类名录,该地区蝴蝶共9科,73属,120种。其中凤蝶科6属14种,粉蝶科6属12种,斑蝶科2属2种,眼蝶科8属17种,蛱蝶科19属29种,灰蝶科17属27种,弄蝶科13属17种,绢蝶科和喙蝶科为单属单种。其中有1种为江苏省新记录。根据调查结果,对蝶类的区系结构进行了分析,该地区蝴蝶以东洋种为主。     

茂兰喀斯特森林区的蝶种及组成

在对茂兰喀斯特森林区蝶种数量、蝶类和科属种和区系分布组成进行统计分析的基础上,对保护和利用蝶类资源提出了建议。     

广东梅县阴那山省级自然保护区蝶类多样性及其区系分析

为了解广东梅县阴那山省级自然保护区蝶类资源和物种多样性情况,2021年7—12月利用样线法进行观测调查。结果表明,阴那山自然保护区共调查到蝶类10科、75属、110种;区系组成主要以东洋界为主,古北界和东洋界共有为辅;随海拔升高,蝶类群落属数、种数、个体数量、优势度指数、丰富度指数和多样性指数均表现为先增长后下降的单峰趋势,并均在401~600 m达到最大值,高海拔地区蝶类群落的均匀度指数大于低海拔地区;相邻海拔地区蝶类群落的相似性较高,且高海拔与低海拔间蝶类种类存在明显差异。以期为阴那山省级自然保护区预测气候变化、保护蝴蝶资源和评价生态环境等提供基础资料和理论依据。     

牡丹江及周边地区蝶类研究报告

报道了牡丹江及周边地区蝶类82种，隶属7科52属。其中凤蝶科2属4种，眼蝶科8属11中，绢蝶科1属1种；蛱蝶科18属31种；粉蝶科6属11种；灰蝶科8属12种，弄蝶科5属8种。7种为黑龙江省新记录种。并对区系成分和种类组成做了分析。     

南岭主要蝴蝶种类及其寄主

从2006年6月到2011年6月,采用样线法在南岭国家级自然保护区海拔500m、1 000~1 200 m、最高峰1900 m附近分3段对蝴蝶种类进行调查,共发现11科94属508种蝴蝶,其中可以确定其寄主的有11科94属253种,分别为凤蝶科30种、粉蝶科17种、斑蝶科7种、环蝶科4种、眼蝶科56种、蛱蝶科53种、珍蝶科1种、喙蝶科1种、蚬蝶科7种、灰蝶科30种、弄蝶科47种。     

广东大稠顶省级自然保护区种子植物区系

对广东大稠顶省级自然保护区的植物区系进行初步研究.结果显示,该保护区共记录了野生种子植物1021种(含亚种),隶属133科513属;保护区种子植物区系成分以热带成分为主,区系热带性质明显;在科的分布区类型上,泛热带分布科占全部非世界分布科的57.58%,以泛热带分布占优势;在属的水平上,泛热带和热带亚洲成分占优势,共有344属,占全部非世界分布属的71.07%;中国特有属7属(占1.45%);该保护区与广东省惠东莲花山白盆珠自然保护区、乳源瑶族自治县南岭自然保护区、梅县阴那山自然保护区和新丰县鲁古河自然保护区的植物区系互为近缘区系,其中与南岭自然保护区植物区系的相似性最大.     

迭部林区蝶类资源(一)

对甘肃迭部林区蝶类分布状况进行调查,并对采集的蝶类资源标本进行了系统整理鉴定,截至目前,查清境内凤蝶科、绢蝶科、粉蝶科、眼蝶科共31属92种。     

DECIDUOUS AND DECIDUOUS-EVERGREEN FORESTS IN NORTHEAST CHINA

Two types of forests in Northeast China is divided in this paper,that is,the decidu-ous forests in the northern part and the deciduous-evergreen forests in the eastern part.Both distri-butions of the two types of forests have also been pre sented.Meanwhile,the development and suc-cession as well as components of forests have been studied in detail.in the end,the vertical distribu-tion of the deciduous forests have been shown,in which,the near-temperate cold temperate decidu-ous coniferous forests are distributing in the low elevation area between 450m—600m from the northto the south,the typical siberian cold temperate deciduous coniferous forests are widely distributingfrom 450m—820m in the north to 600m—1050m in the south, the humid cold temperate deciduousconiferous forests can only be found in high elevation area from 820m—1100m in the north to1050m—1380m in the south,the cold temperate deciduous coniferous open forests can seldom ap-pear at the top of a few peaks.     

高黎贡山自然保护区东坡水平带蚂蚁群落研究

研究了高黎贡山东坡水平带蚂蚁群落特征，结果表明，除中南段2500m等高线外，东坡各水平带的不同位置均有特有种。在1000m、1500m、2000m、2500m等高线上，从北到南特有种数目依次递增，但北段1500m和2000m等高线出现特有种增高例外。在东坡不同海拔等高线上，大多数物种只在1个样地中表现为优势种，北段与南段的优势种通常不同。在1000m和2000m等高线上北段的优势种多于南段，而在1500m等高线上南段优势种多于北段，2500m等高线上不同地段优势种趋于相等。东坡水平带上物种数目和密度表现出普遍规律性。从北到南，1000m和2500m等高线上物种数目和密度依次递增，在1500m等高线上物种数目和密度依次递减。在1000m等高线上优势度、多样性和均匀度具有明显规律性。从北到南，优势度依次递减，多样性和均匀度依次递增，但在北段出现例外。在1500m、2000m和2500m等高线上，蚂蚁群落的优势度、多样性和均匀度缺乏规律性，可能与植被的次生化和片断化等因素有关。尽管东坡水平带上同一海拔植被类型相似，但是蚂蚁群落之间差异显著，相似性系数在0－0．50之间。山体下部1000m等高线上蚂蚁群落之间相似性较大，相似性系数在0．25－0．50之间。随着海拔增加，同一水平带上群落之间相似性减小。     

Deciduous and deciduous—evergreen forests in Northeast China

Two types of forests in Northeast China is divided in this paper, that is, the deciduous forests in the northern part and the deciduous—evergreen forests in the eastern part. Both distributions of the two types of forests have also been presented. Meanwhile, the development and succession as well as components of forests have been studied in detail. In the end, the vertical distribution of the deciduous forests have been shown, in which, the near—temperate cold temperate deciduous coniferous forests are distributing in the low elevation area between 450m—600m from the north to the south, the typical Siberian cold temperate deciduous coniferous forests are widely distributing from 450m–820m in the north to 600m-1050m in the south, the humid cold temperate deciduous coniferous forests can only be found in high elevation area from 820m–1100m in the north to 1050m–1380m in the south, the cold temperate deciduous coniferous open forests can seldom appear at the top of a few peaks.     

坡位对灰木莲生长的影响

灰木莲(Manglietia glauca Blume)属木兰科(Magnoliaceae)常绿阔叶大乔木,树干通直,高大挺拔,材质优良,木材为散孔材,干材密度为0.611 g.cm-3,纹理细致,易加工,切面光滑美丽,干燥速度较     

Abiotic and biotic drivers of species diversity in understory layers of cold temperate coniferous forests in North China

Understory plants are important components of forest ecosystems and play a crucial role in regulating community structures, function realization, and community succession. However, little is known about how abiotic and biotic drivers affect the diversity of understory species in cold temperate coniferous forests in the semiarid climate region of North China. We hypothesized that(1) topographic factors are important environmental factors affecting the distribution and variation of understory strata,and(2) different understory strata respond differently to environmental factors; shrubs may be significantly affected by the overstory stratum, and herbs may be more affected by surface soil conditions. To test these hypotheses, we used the boosted regression tree method to analyze abiotic and biotic environmental factors that influence understory species diversity, using data from 280 subplots across 56 sites in cold temperate coniferous forests of North China.Elevation and slope aspect were the dominant and indirect abiotic drivers affecting understory species diversity, and individual tree size inequality(DBH variation) was the dominant biotic driver of understory species diversity; soil water content was the main edaphic factors affecting herb layers. Elevation, slope aspect, and DBH variation accounted for 36.4, 14.5, and 12.1%, respectively, of shrub stratum diversity. Shrub diversity decreased with elevation within the range of altitude of this study, but increased with DBH variation; shrub diversity was highest on north-oriented slopes. The strongest factor affecting herb stratum species diversity was slope aspect, accounting for 25.9% of the diversity, followed by elevation(15.7%), slope(12.2%), and soil water content(10.3%). The highest herb diversity was found on southeast-oriented slopes and the lowest on northeast-oriented slopes; herb diversity decreased with elevation and soil water content, but increased with slope. The results of the study provide a reference for scientific management and biodiversity protection in cold temperate coniferous forests of North China.     

人工降雨条件下毛竹林地表枯落物固土防蚀效应

对长江三角洲森林生态定位站北亚热带次生毛竹林枯落物水土保持功能进行了模拟研究。结果表明:(1)在室内人工模拟降雨条件下,坡度和雨强是影响坡面侵蚀的重要因素,随着坡度和雨强的增大,泥沙浓度也不同幅度的增大;(2)坡度为5°、10°、15°、20°、26.5°时,裸露坡面和覆盖凋落物的坡面比较,随着坡度增加,覆盖有枯落物的泥沙浓度增幅明显减小,且减少幅度为52.9%～87.1%;(3)在室内人工模拟降雨条件下,雨强为10～50mm/h时,有枯落物覆盖的土壤侵蚀量比裸露坡面分别减少35.58 g/m2、66.82 g/m2、130.32 g/m2、190.62 g/m2和256.16 g/m2。覆盖凋落物的坡面径流量增大幅度相比裸露坡面低25%左右。因此,毛竹林地枯落物可以减少水土流失,有较好的保水保土作用,对控制水土流失有显著效果。     

冰灾后南岭树木园眼蝶科物种多样性的恢复研究

2008年1-2月南岭遭遇百年一遏的特大雨雪冰冻灾害,给森林生态系统造成了极大的破坏,使南岭国家级自然保护区位于南岭林区海拔500～600m的树木园内林木折断、倒伏及包括昆虫在内的野生动物大量死亡,其中眼蝶科灾后（2008年）种数比灾前2年（2006-2007年）的平均值降低50％、个数降低67．12％。灾后采取及时清理枯落物等恢复措施,有利于地面新生植物的萌生、预防森林火灾和可能引发的次生病虫害。经过5a的恢复期,林分及其生物多样性同步获得恢复。冰灾后形成的林窗萌生各种植物后,改善了林分结构,使森林生态系统得到修复和重建,也使植物种类比冰灾前更为丰富,生长势旺盛;眼蝶科种数比冰灾当年增加62．5％,个数比冰灾当年增加266．67％。可见,虽然冰冻灾害对森林生态系统产生严重影响,只要恢复措施得当,灾后的生态系统会逐渐优化。     

南岭中段冰灾受损群落和植物区系特征及保护生物学意义

南岭山地是我国14个具有国际意义的陆地生物多样性关键地区之一(陈灵芝,1993),是中亚热带和南亚热带之间的一条自然地理分界带,阻挡北来寒潮和南来热带暖流的屏障,是2008年我国南方     

黄土丘陵区人工油松林地土壤入渗特征的研究

油松 (Pinustabulaeformis)人工林是黄土丘陵区半湿润地区的主要人工林类型 ,具有良好的水土保持和水源涵养功能。通过对人工油松林地和荒坡地土壤入渗特征的研究 ,发现 :人工油松林地的入渗速率显著高于荒坡地 ,其阴坡和阳坡土壤的入渗速率仅在坡顶部有一定的差异 ,而在坡的中下部并不明显 ;而荒坡地的初始入渗速率和最终入渗速率均是阴坡高于阳坡。由于来源坡上部的泥沙在下部沉积 ,致使坡下部形成一个入渗能力较低的致密层 ,降低了坡下部的入渗速率 ,使入渗速率在坡位上的空间变化表现为坡上部 >坡中部 >坡下部。对于黄土丘陵地区而言 ,水分入渗过程采用方正三方程和Kostiakov方程拟和较好 ,两个方程结合使用可更好地说明土壤的初始入渗速率和最终入渗速率     

Altitudinal patterns of the flora of seed plants of Dawei Mountain in Yunnan Province, south China

Altitudinal gradient incorporates multiple resource gradients, which vary continuously in different fashions. It is important to study the mountain floristic patterns along altitudinal gradients, which reveal the regular pattern of the flora along the environmental gradients, the changing trend of biodiversity patterns along the altitudinal gradient, and relevance of biological fitness. To explore the compositional characteristics and ecological significance of floristic patterns along altitudinal gradient in China National Nature Reserve of Dawei Mountain in the southeast of Yunnan Province, field investigations have been made to the flora along the two routes of the southwest slope and the northeast slope of the said reserve, including a vertical vegetation transect. Meanwhile, further investigations have also been made to the flora of Dawei Mountain, which has been accounted for in the literature, as Flora Yunnan, The Seed Plant in Yunnan, and so on. The structural characteristics of the flora and the altitudinal distribution pattern of its floristic components were analyzed. By applying systematic cluster analysis, the altitudinal position of the dividing line of floristic changes along altitudinal gradient was detected, and the effects of the montane climate on the vertical variation of floristic composition were studied. Conclusions were put forward. This paper can be summarized as follows: (1) The obvious boundary that differentiates tropical floristic elements is located at the altitude of approximately 1,500 m; it is reasonable to stipulate the boundary line between tropical rain forests and the evergreen broad-leaved forests. (2) The vertical vegetation spectrum made by cluster analysis shows that humid rain forests are below 700 m a.s.l, montane rain forests are between 700 and 1,500 m, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests are between 1,300 and 1,800 m, and montane mossy evergreen broad-leaved forests are above 1,800 m a.s.l. Nonrepresentative montane mossy dwarf forests (above 2,100 m) in the area are distributed in windward sides and in barren land on the mountain slopes. __________ Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(6): 894–900 [译自: 植物生态学报]