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烤烟是我国重要的经济作物,但栽培过程中存在连作障碍。烟田连作导致病害增加,影响烟叶和轮间作作物的品质,进一步影响农田产出,另一方面,连作障碍导致烤烟种植土地匮乏。生产实践发现通过与其他作物轮间作可以改善烤烟连作障碍。本文从作物-土壤-微生物组成的根际微生态系统的视角,综述了烤烟与不同作物轮间作的现状以及轮间作后的土壤生物学性状变化,分析了不同轮间作模式下土壤理化性质和根际微生物群落的变化,特别是烤烟产量和烟叶内在品质的变化,对于烤烟与作物的轮间作机制进行了总结和展望,为烤烟轮间作种植模式提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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我国烤烟种植中烟草连作障碍是影响烟叶产量与品质的重要因素。综述了烟草连作障碍的主要因素,即烟草化感自毒作用、根系分泌物与土壤微生物相互影响和土壤酶,总结了解决的基本途径,主要是烟草连作不超过3 a、采用不同种植模式促进烟草生长、利用生物多样性有效控制烟田病虫害和合理施肥减轻连作障碍,分析了烟田连作的缓解对于生产的重要性及其今后可发展方向。 相似文献
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温室土壤消毒新装备——土壤连作障碍电处理机 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杨秀兰 《农业工程技术:农产品加工》2010,(6):44-45,36
土壤连作障碍是指同一作物在同一地块连年(3年~4年)种植所产生的产品产量和品质下降的现象。近年来,由于设施栽培(温室、大棚)的普及,土壤连作障碍日趋严重。人们寻求通过优选种植品种、轮作、土壤消毒等措施来消除土壤连作障碍。 相似文献
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《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(3)
连作障碍是马铃薯产业可持续发展亟待解决的问题,本文从土壤营养、土壤酶活、土壤微生物、根系分泌物4个方面综述了马铃薯连作障碍的研究现状,并阐述了作物复合型种植对土壤连作障碍的缓解作用。连作障碍可能是作物-土壤系统内部诸多因子综合作用的结果,单一因子的论述很难清楚解释其形成的原因,探究多因素复合影响机制有其必要性及意义,持续的研究有利于做出较合理的解释。复合型种植是一种有效缓解马铃薯连作障碍的调控技术。今后该领域的研究应注重多学科联合、完善研究方法、扩展研究领域,才能系统揭示连作障碍形成机理。 相似文献
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在日光温室中连续多年种植草莓后,经常发生土壤连作障碍问题,影响草莓的成活及生长发育,同时造成病虫害发生严重,影响产量和品质。对土壤进行消毒可以解决连作障碍中占主导地位的土传病虫害问题,大幅度缓解了连作障碍的毁灭性危害,提高作物对水分和养分的吸收利用,保证了土壤持续生产的能力,另一方面也减少了土传病虫害引起的土壤生产力下降而增加的化肥施用量。 相似文献
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1连作障碍因子调查分析 以塑料大棚、目光温室、连栋温室等为主的设施栽培体系在改善作物生长的温度、湿度、光照等小气候环境条件及确保设施栽培作物生长快、反季节、周年供应等优势的同时,也改变了土壤的生态环境,使土壤经常处于高温、高湿、强蒸发、雨水淋溶少、栽培植物单的状况中,因此作物长期连作就会发生连作障碍.一般的研究认为连作障碍因子有土壤板结酸化、土壤养分失衡、土壤次生盐渍化、土壤中自毒产物积累、土壤微生物区系失衡、土壤根结线虫为害严重等6个方面.为了弄清西安地区设施生产中连作障碍的主要影响因素,2005~2006年笔者对西安地区温室番茄(越冬茬)连续种植时间在4年、6年、8年的土壤与相同情况种植粮食作物的田块进行取样分析,同时对连作障碍较重的中棚草莓、西瓜和温室番茄、黄瓜进行了田问病虫害调查,结果如下: 相似文献
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轮作对黑土区作物产量及土壤理化性质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确大兴安岭南麓黑土区不同种植模式对作物产量和耕地地力的影响,依靠耕地质量提升项目在大兴安岭南麓黑土区设置的定位监测点,研究不同种植模式下的作物产量、土壤pH、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量。结果表明,在实际农业生产中,大豆、玉米长期连作产量下降,轮作可以提高大豆、玉米单产。不同种植模式下土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量变化不同,大豆连作,土壤全氮含量大幅下降,有效磷含量增加,速效钾含量下降;玉米连作,土壤有效磷、速效钾含量大幅增加,全氮含量小幅下降。因此轮作可以提高作物产量,连作造成作物减产,玉米长期连作不影响土壤养分含量,大豆连作下土壤养分含量明显下降。 相似文献
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Nearly all contemporary people subsist on cultivated plants, most of which are vulnerable to diseases. Yet, there have been few studies of what traditional people know – and do not know – about crop disease. Agricultural scientists in general are becoming aware of the potential contribution of social scientists and farmers in developing integrated management of crop diseases. The International Potato Center (CIP) has focused on stimulating farmer-scientist collaboration in developing management of late blight, a major fungal disease of potatoes and other plants. Understanding farmers' knowledge of this and other plant diseases is an important element in furthering such collaboration. Although not all agricultural scientists recognize the value of social science, this literature search shows that some agricultural scientists now actively collaborate with farmers, in ways that cross the boundary into social science research. During this search, much of the work we found was written by plant pathologists and entomologists. We found over fifty publications on farmer knowledge of crop disease, and we have annotated the material that we thought most relevant to farmer- scientist collaboration for research of crop diseases, especially late blight. 相似文献
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农作物病虫害地面调查前端系统的设计与实现 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
农作物病虫害地面调查前端系统是对长期田间观察和调查数据维护的重要工具。讨论了系统设计的基本思路,以及给出系统的结构和功能设计和网络环境下的实现方法,对推动农作物病虫害地面调查数据的信息化管理有积极的意义。 相似文献
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Differences in perceptions and knowledge of crop diseases constitute a major obstacle in farmer–researcher cooperation, which
is necessary for sustainable disease management. Farmers’ perceptions and management of crop diseases in the northern Ethiopian
Regional State of Tigrai were investigated in order to harness their knowledge in the participatory development of integrated
disease management (IDM) strategies. Knowledge of disease etiology and epidemiology, cultivar resistance, and reasons for
the cultivation of susceptible cultivars were investigated in a total of 12 tabias (towns) in ten weredas (districts). Perception of diseases involved both scientific and spiritual conceptual frameworks. Of the more than 30 crop
diseases recorded on the major crops in the region, only rusts and powdery mildews (locally called humodia) and a few root rots were considered by farmers to be important. Farmers’ awareness of other diseases was extremely low;
some highly damaging but less conspicuous diseases, such as faba bean chocolate spot and chickpea ascochyta blight (also called
humodia), were not regarded by farmers as disease but as problems caused primarily by excessive soil moisture. Considering that some
of these “unrecognized” diseases can cause complete yield loss and genetic erosion in epiphytotic years, there is an urgent
need for bringing together farmers’ and scientists’ knowledge to complement each other. Even when farmers had access to disease-resistant
or disease-tolerant cultivars, they grew susceptible local varieties because of multiple criteria including earliness, good
yield in years with low humodia severity, suitability for home consumption, market demand/quality, and low soil fertility
and land management requirements. Farmer innovation and knowledge were evident in their use of diverse disease control measures,
but these were a mixture of the “useful and the useless.” Our findings stress the necessity for extension workers and researchers
to understand and improve farmers’ knowledge of crop diseases, and farmers’ ability to observe and experiment, through the
Farmer Field School or a similar experiential learning approach. These insights about farmers’ knowledge of crop diseases
provide a basis for further collaborative maintenance of crop genetic diversity, development of germplasm, and IPM-related
research in Africa.
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Mathew M. AbangEmail: |
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深度学习在作物病害图像识别方面应用的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在作物生产管理过程中,正确及时地诊断作物所患病害非常关键.基于深度学习的图像识别为作物病害自动快速诊断提供了新途径.相比传统图像识别所用的模式识别方法,深度学习网络模型能自行提取特征且能够由低维特征抽象出高维特征,取得更好的学习效果.系统梳理了深度学习在图像自动化识别方面的发展历程,介绍了浅层神经网络的相关概念,阐述了... 相似文献
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棉花是我国的主要经济作物之一,更是棉农的主要经济来源。棉花苗期的病虫害及其防治一直是困扰广大棉农的难题。笔者论述棉花苗期病虫害防治技术,可供广大棉农种值时参考。 相似文献