叶面喷施不同比例大蒜和油菜秸秆堆肥茶对黄瓜生长和果实品质的影响

以收获后的大蒜和油菜秸秆按2∶1(G2R1)、1∶1(G1R1)、1∶2(G1R2)比例制作堆肥茶,以"中农29号"水果黄瓜为试验材料,采用珍珠岩基质栽培,全生长期以Hoagland营养液为植株提供营养,在黄瓜两叶一心后每4 d喷施一次堆肥茶,分别以喷施清水(CK1)、不喷施(CK2)为对照,测定黄瓜生长和果实品质指标,采用隶属函数法进行综合评价,探究叶面喷施堆肥茶在黄瓜无土栽培体系中的应用价值。结果表明:G1R1处理的黄瓜果实品质综合表现最佳,尤其在维生素C含量方面,相比CK1、CK2分别提高了121.60%、465.29%,而可溶性蛋白质含量比CK1低19.05%、比CK2高8.80%;在卫生品质方面,硝酸盐含量分别比CK1、CK2高18.89%、28.09%,亚硝酸盐含量分别比CK1、CK2降低37.84%、41.03%。G1R1处理黄瓜生长指标及产量也较对照表现一定优势。     

叶面喷施不同植物废弃物堆肥茶对黄瓜生长及产量的影响

以小麦秸秆、油菜秸秆、草坪草、三叶草、大蒜秸秆和混合材料添加EM菌发酵制作堆肥茶,以塑料大棚中Hoagland营养液珍珠岩基质栽培的中农29号黄瓜为试材,全生长期定期叶面喷施6种堆肥茶,研究其对黄瓜生长及产量的影响。结果表明,不同堆肥茶的化学成分和对黄瓜生长及产量的影响有显著性差异。除全氮含量略低于三叶草堆肥茶外,草坪草堆肥茶中的氮、磷、钾及总可溶性有机碳含量均明显高于其余处理;喷施草坪草堆肥茶后,黄瓜植株根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量、果实中可溶性蛋白、VC及可溶性糖的含量也显著升高,分别比对照(喷施地下水)高71.24%、18.40%、13.04%、60.57%及0.21个百分点,其促进效果明显高于其余堆肥茶;除油菜堆肥茶外,其余堆肥茶均不同程度地提高黄瓜产量,尤以草坪草堆肥茶最为明显,比对照提高13.46%。综合比较认为,喷施草坪堆肥茶能显著促进黄瓜的形态建成,增加叶片叶绿素含量,提高果实产量和品质,是适宜黄瓜的堆肥茶。     

不同配比菇渣基质对黄瓜产量和品质的影响

以“中农26”黄瓜为试材,以不添加菇渣的基质(V草炭∶V蛭石=2∶1)为对照(CK),试验设置3个处理,分别为T1(菇渣∶草炭∶蛭石=2∶1∶1,体积比)、T2(菇渣∶草炭∶蛭石=1∶1∶1,体积比)、T3(全菇渣),研究了不同配比基质对设施黄瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:T3的EC值过高,不适宜黄瓜生长,但与草炭和蛭石进行不同配比后,可满足黄瓜生长,其中,T2的茎粗、叶片数增加量、产量显著高于CK;T1的可溶性糖、维生素C含量分别比CK高2.60%、35.71%,可滴定酸、硝酸盐含量分别比对照低47.5%、21.32%。因此,T1、T2可用于设施黄瓜生产。     

外源钙和EBR处理对番茄果实品质特性的影响

为研究不同浓度钙和EBR复合处理对番茄果实品质的影响,以鑫研夏宝品种为试材,采用土培法,设置外源钙(CaCl_2)和2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)复合喷施处理,测定番茄的各项品质指标。结果表明,外源Ca、EBR单独或混合喷施均可促进番茄生长,改善其营养品质。与对照相比,外源喷施EBR和钙均可不同程度增加果实生物量和番茄红素、游离氨基酸、钙元素含量及糖酸比;其中,20 mmol·L~(-1)Ca+0.1μmol·L~(-1)EBR处理下番茄可溶性蛋白、番茄红素含量和糖酸比分别比对照显著提高91.31%、100.16%和196.91%,钙元素含量达141.75 mg·kg~(-1),较对照显著提高143.98%。综上所述,外源喷施Ca和EBR可不同程度地促进番茄果实生长,促进果实对钙素的吸收利用,改善果实品质,且以20 mmol·L~(-1)Ca和0.1μmol·L~(-1)EBR复合喷施处理的效果为佳。     

不同光质对豌豆芽苗菜生长和品质的影响

为探明光质对芽菜生长及品质的影响,以豌豆为试材,采用半导体发光二极管光源(LED)精确调制红光(R)、绿光(G)、蓝光(B)、红蓝光4∶1(RB 4∶1),以遮光处理为对照(CK),研究不同光质对豌豆芽苗菜生长及其品质的影响。结果表明:各光质都提高了豌豆芽苗菜品质指标氨基酸、蛋白质、维生素C、类胡萝卜素、花青素含量和生长指标干质量,红光处理的维生素C、蛋白质和花青素含量最大,较对照分别升高了312.51%、74.31%和157.68%,蓝光处理的氨基酸含量最高,较对照升高了312.55%,干质量的最大值为红蓝光4∶1处理,红蓝光4∶1处理的类胡萝素含量约为对照的13倍。应用模糊函数的隶属函数法,进行综合性评价,得到红蓝4∶1的和值最大,绿光的和值最小,由此可得红蓝4∶1最适合豌豆芽苗菜的生产。     

日光温室早春黄瓜叶片喷施赤霉素对生长和生理及产量的影响

以日光温室早春茬‘中农26’黄瓜为试验材料,分别用10、50、100和200 mg·L~(-1)的赤霉素(GA_3)溶液喷施叶片,以清水处理为对照,研究不同浓度GA3对生长、生理特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,喷施GA_3处理可促进黄瓜生长。在试验浓度范围内,黄瓜株高,茎粗,叶片数,根系活力,色素含量,净光合速率(P_n)以及氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)等矿质元素含量均以50 mg·L~(-1)处理最高,其中Pn比对照增加22.44%;叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别比对照增加27.16%、24.22%和29.24%。同时,喷施GA3处理提高了黄瓜坐果率,从而使单株结果数和产量增加,其中50 mg·L~(-1)处理的产量为18.22 kg·m-2,比对照增加24%,且喷施GA3改善了黄瓜品质。喷施GA3可减轻早春日光温室亚适宜温光环境对黄瓜生长的不利影响,以50 mg·L~(-1)效果最好。     

不同基质对黄瓜生长、产量及果实品质的影响

以“新泰密刺”黄瓜为试材,将产于新疆的蛭石作为主要基质原材料,采用添加不同体积的废弃物炉渣和菇渣进行基质复配的方法,以纯蛭石基质作为对照(CK),在日光温室栽培槽中开展黄瓜栽培试验,研究了以蛭石为主的不同基质对日光温室黄瓜生长、产量及果实品质的影响,以期为新疆蛭石资源在农业生产中的利用和阿拉尔垦区黄瓜基质栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:处理T2(蛭石∶炉渣∶菇渣=2∶1∶1)和T4(蛭石∶炉渣∶菇渣=3∶1∶1)的净光合速率高于CK;T2和T4的前期产量高于CK,其中T4前期产量较CK提高了46%;T2和T4的总产量分别较CK提高了21%和31%;T2和T4的果实营养品质综合评价值优于CK。综上所述,处理T2和T4可用作黄瓜栽培,且T2适于优质栽培,而T4适于丰产栽培。     

不同LED补光对日光温室黄瓜生长、产量及品质的影响

以‘青玉’黄瓜为试材,采用温室栽培的方法,探究了4种光质(全光谱、R∶B=3∶1、R∶B=3∶2和R∶B=3∶3)对黄瓜生长、光合色素和抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、果实品质及产量的影响,以期为冬季日光温室黄瓜栽培中补光技术的优化提供参考依据。结果表明：与不补光对照相比,各处理均可增加黄瓜株高、茎粗、叶面积以及叶片数,提高叶片中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量及过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低MDA含量,提高黄瓜果实中维生素C、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量,同时对黄瓜产量亦有提高作用。其中R∶B=3∶3或3∶2可显著促进黄瓜生长,株高增加16.1%和16.8%,茎粗增加4.4%和5.6%,叶片数增加11.0%和12.1%,叶面积增加4.3%和6.2%,且可显著改善黄瓜果实品质和产量,黄瓜维生素C、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量增加12.3%、25.6%、11.2%和12.3%、34.4%、12.1%,产量提高7.8%和8.8%。综上所述,LED红蓝配比为3∶3或3∶2是日光温室黄瓜种植的有效光质。     

细黄链霉菌(AMCC400001)与有机肥配合施用对设施番茄生长和产量的影响

以设施番茄为试材,以不添加任何微生物菌剂的纯有机肥为对照(CK),研究了细黄链霉菌(AMCC 400001)与有机肥质量之比分别为1∶2 500、1∶250、1∶25的3种生物有机肥对番茄地上部与根系生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:3种不同含菌量的生物有机肥对番茄的生长均有一定的促进作用,施用1∶250的生物有机肥(即细黄链霉菌菌剂用量30kg/hm2)的茎粗、叶片数及根系生长显著优于其它处理,有效促进了番茄生长;较CK增产10.14%,增产效果极显著;其维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、番茄红素含量分别比CK高14.4%、9.1%、10.4%、23.7%,可滴定酸与硝酸盐含量分别较CK低19.3%和31.5%,显著改善了番茄果实的营养品质。     

不同锌肥施用方式对番茄果实的影响

以番茄为试材,设置底施、随水冲施、叶面喷施锌肥为处理,以不施锌肥为对照,研究了锌肥不同施用方式对番茄生长指标和生理指标的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施锌肥处理番茄果实直径平均值比不施锌肥的CK高6.15mm;同时可以提高番茄果实内IAA、ZR、DHZR、GA3含量,降低ABA含量;增加果实中SOD、POD活性,提高植株的抗逆性,延缓衰老。同时改善番茄果实品质,叶面喷施处理与对照相比,果实糖酸比提高9.5%,维生素C含量提高了近1倍,可溶性固形物含量提高23.4%。施用锌肥处理各项指标优于不施锌肥的处理,其中以叶面喷施效果最佳。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。