生鲜猪肉主要品质参数无损在线检测系统

基于可见近红外光谱技术,设计了生鲜猪肉品质无损在线检测装置.介绍了该系统的工作原理、工作过程、硬件组成及软件系统功能.系统硬件包括光谱信息采集装置、样品传送单元、位置检测单元、控制单元和计算机等.基于Delphi和Matlab语言开发了与PC硬件和Windows XP软件环境兼容的光谱信息自动采集和实时处理的无损在线检测软件系统.该系统可实现生鲜猪肉样品光谱数据的自动采集、光谱数据的在线处理、样品品质参数的在线预测与检测结果的在线显示.将该系统用于生鲜猪肉水分含量的在线检测.结果表明,该在线检测装置检测精度高、可靠性好,可用于肉品主要品质参数的无损在线检测.     

植保机械用风机性能自动测试系统

FMsCAT植保机械用风机性能自动测试系统采用VB软件开发,基于Windows界面,具有良好的可视化人机界面,实现数据实时显示,自动采集、处理和保存试验数据,自动绘制风机的有因次性能曲线和无因次特性曲线,并生成试验报告.     

基于MATLAB与VB混合编程的哈密大枣品质检测研究

基于Visual Basic 6.0设计了应用软件的用户界面,用SOLIOS图像采集卡与CCD摄像头连接采集数据,构建了基于机器视觉的哈密大枣自动检测系统,并利用Matlab7.6图像处理工具箱,通过各种算法的比较和验证,确定了最佳背景分割方法,找到有利于哈密大枣的特征提取、品质(缺陷、大小、颜色等)自动识别的方法,为哈密大枣自动化检测生产奠定了基础。在图像采集中,调用图像采集卡驱动程序,实现图像的储存。图像处理中,应用颜色空间转换、小波消噪、阈值分割和数学形态学处理等方法,快速准确识别其品质,利用VB的ActiveX组件,在Visual Basic中直接调用Matlab图像处理程序,实现对哈密大枣品质的自动检测。     

基于VB.NET的色相分析系统的研制与开发

介绍了使用VB.NET语言编程,实现对对照色RGB值的读取以及采集到的数据如何存储于数据库等功能,实现色相分析系统的研制与开发。     

双孢蘑菇远红外干燥神经网络预测模型建立

分析了双孢蘑菇在远红外干燥过程中,辐射强度、辐射距离、物料温度、物料厚度、干燥时间等因素对干燥速率的影响.基于BP神经网络建立了含水率与各因素之间的网络模型结构,输入层、隐含层和输出层的神经元数分别为5、11、1.以干燥试验数据作为训练和测试的样本值,利用Matlab中的神经网络工具箱,经过有限次迭代计算获得一个反映试验数据内在联系的数学模型,并实现对该模型的训练和系统的模拟.结果表明:在试验范围内,BP神经网络可以高效、准确、快速地建立模型,且模型的预测值与实测值拟合较好,能够准确而可靠地实现含水率在线预测.     

果蔬红外干燥在线实时检测系统设计

设计了一个果蔬红外干燥在线实时数据检测系统。采用质量传感器、AD温度传感器、PCI8310数据采集卡等将干燥设备中的果蔬样本信息储存到PC中,借助于VB程序进行数据处理,实现数据可视化,且生成了干燥曲线、辐射温度变化曲线及物料温度变化曲线。系统测试试验结果表明：该检测系统在线检测误差在±0.03％范围内,能够准确、实时反映果蔬红外辐射干燥过程特性。     

RS-232串口在阴燃取暖炉数据采集系统中的应用

详细介绍了RS-232串口通信的工作方式和引脚定义,设计出基于VB6.0串口通信的数据采集系统,并在自制的阴燃取暖炉试验中进行稳定地对XK3103B电子秤和红外气体分析仪进行数据采集,采集到的燃料重量和气体成分等数据存入同一个文件,可以进行各种实验数据的对比,分析等。结果表明,在通信速率要求不高的情况下,利用微机的串行通信接口实现的数据采集系统具有成本较低、开发容易、使用灵活的特点。     

温室环境信息智能无线监控系统的设计

为了解决目前温室有线监测系统存在监测盲区、组网复杂等缺陷,基于单片机、无线传感、GSM 以及VB , Access 数据库技术,完成无线监控系统的硬软件设计。从机接收温湿度传感器的采集数据,通过控制电路实现控制设备的下位控制;利用NRF 905模块,将采集信息发送至主机;再由串口上传于上位机（ PC 机）。同时,设计了“VB 可视化监控平台”,实现阈值、采样方式的设定以及数据的多方式实时显示和处理;利用 GSM 模块,实现温湿度以及光照的上位远程控制。整个监控系统电路简单、性能稳定、扩展性强,市场应用前景广阔。     

基于VB的发动机运行监控系统数据采集程序设计

讨论了VB 6.0 MSComm控件在开发发动机运行监控系统数据采集模块中的编程技术。利用VB6.0 ActiveX中的MSComm通信控件,实现了Windows下单台PC机与主控单片机的串行通信,达到了实时采集发动机运行参数数据的目的。     

基于阿里云的便携式多功能农田信息采集系统设计

为满足精细农业对适时、准确的田间数据的需求,设计一套便携式农田信息采集系统,实现叶绿素相对含量、温度、湿度、光照强度和地理位置等农田信息的检测和采集,结合GPRS技术和阿里云服务器,将采集数据存储在云端,提高信息的可靠性、适时性,通过农田信息软件系统,实现对农田信息的远程访问、本地存储和处理等。实验结果表明,系统运行稳定,数据可靠。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。