牛病毒性腹泻病病毒荧光定量PCR检测体系的建立与评价

基于实时荧光定量PCR技术建立了一种有效地检测牛病毒性腹泻病病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)核酸的方法.对BVDV基因组进行同源比对,选取5'UTR区作为扩增目的区,经软件分析后设计特异扩增引物,扩增片段长度为203 bp.选用SYBR染料作为扩增时信号指示剂,经扩增曲线分析表明,建立的方法可有效地检测BVDV.检测体系可检测到10~2 copies/μL的样品拷贝数.故本研究建立的BVDV实时定量检测体系可用于易感动物,牛源血液生物制品及其他可能感染或污染BVDV样品的检测.     

用RT-PCR方法检测猪瘟细胞苗中污染牛病毒性腹泻病毒

参考GenBank中牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)和猪瘟兔化弱毒病毒(HCLV)序列,设计和建立了一种PCR检测方法,通过试验证明,所建方法能够对HCLV和BVDV进行鉴别诊断;用此方法对23个批次的猪瘟细胞苗进行检测,发现有5批疫苗污染BVDV,均为BVDV I型,污染率为21.74%。测定序列与BVDV Oregon C24V株(AF091605)的核苷酸相似性为83.2%~83.5%,与NADL株(M31182)的核苷酸相似性为86.4%~86.7%。     

Identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 in yaks (Bos poephagus grunniens) in the Himalayan region

Since cattle are widely infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in India, we searched for pestivirus infection in yaks. Of 71 pure and crossbred yaks from Himalayan region, pestivirus antigen was detected by Ag-ELISA in three animals. Pestivirus in leukocyte and cell culture isolated virus samples originating from positive yaks was also confirmed by RT-PCR using panpestivirus specific primers selected from 5'-untranslated region (5' UTR). The 5' UTR, N(pro) and E2 regions were sequenced and used for genetic typing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that pestiviruses detected in three Himalayan yaks were similar genetically, belonging to BVDV-1. Antigenic characterisation of yak pestivirus also confirmed the typing as BVDV-1. This is the first report on the identification of BVDV type 1 in yaks.     

Nucleotide sequence homology to bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV 2) in the 5′ untranslated region of BVDVs from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in Japan

Cytopathogenic and non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDVs) were isolated from cattle with mucosal disease or persistent infection in Japan. These isolates were compared for antigenic properties by cross-neutralization tests with Japanese reference strains of BVDV belonging to classical type 1. Significantly low cross-reactivity to reference strains was noted, indicating the viruses to possibly represent a new serotype in Japan. Thus, to determine the genotype of the isolates, nucleotide sequences of the 5′ untranslated region were determined and compared with those of previously reported BVDV 1 and 2. The isolates were clearly shown to belong to BVDV 2, not to BVDV 1.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒石河子株的分离与基因型鉴定

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhoea virus,BVDV)不同的基因型在抗原性方面存在差异,使疫苗免疫难以收到预期效果。本试验对分离到的BVDV石河子株和其他石河子分离株进行基因型鉴定,通过对病毒的遗传分类研究,为该病的防治和开发新的基因工程疫苗提供一定依据。采用免疫学试验、电镜观察、理化特性测定以及PCR技术、同源性比较等方法分离、鉴定1株BVDV石河子分离株,命名为BVDV shz132株,并应用系统发生分析方法鉴定该株与其他石河子分离株Manasis、hihezi148和Letuyi株的基因型。将免疫学鉴定为阳性的样品进行病毒分离,电镜观察分离的BVDV shz132株病毒直径为40~60 nm,为有囊膜的球形颗粒。理化鉴定结果与参考株BVDV Oregon C24V一致。根据BVDV基因组5-′UTR基因设计引物在发病牛淋巴结、肠道分泌物制备的悬液及其分离的病毒细胞培养物中均扩增得到了大小为267 bp的片段。核苷酸同源性分析结果表明BVDV shz132株与BVDV Osloss株的同源性最高(97.5%),BVDV Manasi株等与BVDV NADL株的同源性最高(97.8%);系统发生分析表明上述所有石河子分离株均属于BVDV-Ⅰ型。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2蛋白纳米抗体筛选及反应原性检测

通过噬菌体展示技术筛选牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)重组E2蛋白特异性纳米抗体,验证纳米抗体反应原性.使用BVDV灭活疫苗免疫羊驼,分别在第0、21、49及70天采集全血,测得抗体效价后分离全血中淋巴细胞,提取总RNA,反转录后PCR扩增目的片段.目的片段和pCANTAB5E使用限制性内切酶酶切连接后转至TG1感受态细胞...     

Prevalence of Neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in dairy cows in Southern Vietnam

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in some dairy herds in Southern Vietnam, and to ascertain whether there were differences in seroprevalences between herds with imported and locally bred cows. Serum samples collected on five state farms and 97 smallholder herds were analysed for the presence of antibodies to N. caninum and BVDV. All BVDV antibody-negative sera were further tested by antigen-ELISA in order to identify persistently infected individuals. The N. caninum prevalence varied between 16% and 53% in the state herds, and was higher in the four herds that had imported cows than in the herd that only had locally bred cows. Nineteen percent of the samples collected on smallholder farms, which all had only locally bred cows, had antibodies to N. caninum. The BVDV seroprevalence varied between 58% and 93% on the state farms. In smallholder herds, the prevalence of BVDV among the sampled cows was 18% and even lower on the state farms. Despite the high seroprevalence for BVDV in the state herds, no persistently BVDV infected cows were found. Given the high prevalence for Neospora and BVDV among herds with imported cows, it seems advisable to test for both infections before cattle are imported into the country.     

Pathogenicity of an Indian isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b in experimentally infected calves

The aim of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of an Indian bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1b isolate in 7-9-months-old male calves. Infected (four) and control (two) calves were bled at three days interval for hematological, virological and serological studies until day 27. All infected calves developed respiratory illness, biphasic pyrexia, mild diarrhea, leucopenia and mild thrombocytopenia. Viraemia was demonstrated between 3 and 15dpi and the infected calves seroconverted by 15dpi. Prominent kidney lesions were endothelial cell swelling, proliferation of mesangial cells and podocytes leading to glomerular space obliteration. Degeneration and desquamation of cells lining seminiferous tubules were observed in two infected calves. Consolidation of lungs with interstitial pneumonia, mild gastroenteritis and systemic spread were also evident. It was concluded that Indian BVDV isolate induced moderate clinical disease in calves and glomerulonephritis resulting from acute BVDV infection was observed for the first time.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒新疆分离株E2基因的克隆及序列分析

应用RT-PCR方法从牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）新疆石河子分离株、玛纳斯不同年份两个分离株扩增获得的3株BVDV的E2基因序列,分别命名Shihezi148、Manasi和MNS2（GenBank登录号：EU159699、EU159703和EU169937）。序列分析结果表明3株E2基因长度分别为1121bp、1122bp和1122bp,分别编码373、374和374个氨基酸残基。核酸序列同源性和系统发生分析表明,3株病毒均属于BVDV基因1型（BVDV-1）,Shihezi 148株与澳大利亚Bega株亲缘关系最近,同处于BVDV-1c基因亚型群,其E2氨基酸同源性为90.11%。Manasi株和MNS2株E2基因核酸序列仅有4个碱基的差别,它们与Changchun 184和匈牙利VEDEVAC株亲缘关系最近,位于BVDV-1b基因亚型群。Manasi和MNS2株与Changchun 184株E2氨基酸同源性分别高达98.66%和98.93%。     

Investigation of bovine brucellosis in the Northeastern Turkey

Bovine brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, is a significant problem for both public and animal health in Turkey. This study was conducted on the calving seasons between 2001 and 2006. A total of 626 serum samples of cattle obtained from 27 herds with a history of abortions was examined for Brucella antibodies by RBPT, SAT and ELISA. Of the cattle sera analysed, 221 (35,30%) and 206 (32, 92%) and 247 (39,45%) were found to be positive by RBPT , SAT and ELISA, respectively. B. abortus was isolated from 48 (32,21%) of 149 lung samples and stomach contents of the aborted fetuses. Based on the biochemical tests and the agglutination tests with monospecific A and M antisera, only 3 of the isolates were found to be B. abortus biotype 1 and the remaining 45 were biotype 3. This study also revealed that the dominant biotype of B. abortus was biotype 3 in this region. The determination of the agents responsible for bovine brucellosis and serosurvey of this disease are expected to help better understanding of this zoonotic infection in this region and neighbouring countries.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒感染对猪瘟免疫的影响

猪瘟病毒（CSFV）与同属的牛病毒性腹泻病病毒（BVDV）同源性较高,抗原性上有交叉。本次调查对368份猪瘟免疫猪血清样本进行BVDV抗原检测,其中7份呈阳性,阳性率1.90%。对7份BVDV阳性血清采用ELISA和IHA两种方法检测猪瘟（CSFV）抗体水平,抗体合格率偏低,两者的结果符合率为71%。研究表明：BVDV在一定程度上干扰了猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果,影响抗体水平。     

Effect of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection on dairy calf rearing

The aim of this study was to compare the cumulative incidence of mortality, clinical diarrhoea and respiratory disease in calves, during their first six months of age, in herds with different bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection status. Calves’ health indicators were tested by comparing proportions in 101 farms with dissimilar infection condition. The results indicate that there was a significant relationship between the BVDV status (actively infected herd or not) and the cumulative incidence of mortality and respiratory disorders.     

1株牛病毒性腹泻病毒河北株的分离鉴定与遗传演化分析

从河北省保定市某养殖场采集疑似患病毒性腹泻/黏膜病(BVD)的犊牛粪便6份,进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)的分离培养,根据GenBank上登录的BVDV5'-UTR片段设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术对目的片段进行扩增,扩增得到的目的基因片段送至公司测序,测序结果进行同源性分析和系统进化树构建.结果:分离出1株致细胞病...     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E0基因重组表达质粒pMG36e-E0的构建与免疫原性分析

利用SacⅠ、HindⅢ限制性内切酶分别对pMG36e与pMD19-T-E0进行双酶切,将目的基因E0整合入穿梭表达载体pMG36e,构建牛病毒性腹泻病毒E0基因重组表达质粒pMG36e-E0。提取重组质粒pMG36e-E0,进行双酶切鉴定及PCR鉴定。将阳性重组质粒pMG36e-E0转化到大肠杆菌DH5α中进行表达,对表达产物进行SDSPAGE和Western-blotting鉴定。用表达的E0蛋白二次免疫家兔,间接ELISA法检测其血清抗体水平。结果,重组质粒经双酶切得到大小分别约为3 600、691bp的2个片段,PCR扩增出691bp的片段,双酶切与PCR鉴定结果表明目的基因E0正确插入到载体pMG36e中。SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明E0基因在大肠杆菌获得了表达,表达产物相对分子质量大小约为27 000。Western-blotting分析结果证明表达产物能被BVDV阳性血清所识别。ELISA检测结果证明表达的E0融合蛋白能刺激动物产生抗体,具有天然蛋白的免疫原性。     

Application of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to simple and rapid genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains isolated in Japan

The E2 regions of 177 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains isolated in Japan between 1957 and 2006 were analyzed for genotyping. The strains were classified into 8 genotypes (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, So and 2a) based on the phylogenetic analysis. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the RT-PCR products using 6 selected enzymes (Apo I, Mly I, BstAP I, Pvu II, Ear I, EcoR V) disclosed the cutting patterns classified into 11 groups (I-XI), each of that consisted of strains belonging to a single genotype. Namely, groups-I and -II were composed by genotype-1a strains, groups-III and -IV by 1b strains, and groups-V and -VI by 1c strains. Other groups-VII, -VIII, -IX, -X and -XI comprised genotypes-1d, -1e, -1f, -So and -2a strains, respectively. The results suggest that the RFLP analysis can simply and rapidly differentiate the 8 genotypes of BVDV strains.     

Genoepidemiological evaluation of Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 species based on secondary structures in the 5' untranslated region

Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV-2) strains demonstrated in cattle, sheep, and adventitious contaminants of biological products have been evaluated by the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (PNS) method at the three variable loci (V1, V2 and V3) in the 5' untranslated region (UTR), to determine their taxonomical status. Variation in conserved genomic sequences was used as parameter for epidemiological evaluation of the species in relation with geographical distribution, animal host and virulence. Four genotypes, BVDV-2a, BVDV-2b, BVDV-2c, and BVDV-2d have been identified within the species. Taxonomical segregation corresponded to geographical distribution of genotype variants. Genotype 2a was present worldwide, and was the only circulating also in sheep, in addition to cattle. Genotypes 2b, 2c and 2d were restricted to South America. Contamination of biological products was related to genotypes 2a and 2d. Genetic variation could be related with chronological diffusion of the BVDV-2 species variants in different geographic areas. Chronologically, the species emerged in North America in 1978, spreading in UK and Japan, continental Europe, South America and New Zealand. Correlation between clinical features related with isolation of BVDV-2 strains and genetic variation indicated that subgenotype 1, variant 4 of genotype 2a was related with hemorrhagic syndrome. These observations suggest that evaluation of genomic secondary structure, by identifying markers for expression of virus biological activities and species evolutionary history, may be applied as useful tool for epidemiological evaluation of the BVDV-2 species, and possibly for other species of the genus Pestivirus.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒P20和P14基因的克隆及序列分析

参考GenBank中BVDV Oregon C24V株的基因组序列设计两对引物,利用套式PCR方法扩增P20基因,扩增出预期525 bp的目的片段.扩增产物克隆至pMD18-T载体,经酶切鉴定获得阳性重组质粒并对其进行测序.测序结果与参考序列Oregon C24V比较,二者的核苷酸同源性仅为80.95%,推导氨基酸同源性为87.50%.测序结果经NCBI上的Blast(Http:/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/)同源性比较,克隆得到的基因与Osloss株同源性最高,核苷酸同源性为93.65%,推导氨基酸同源性为95.83%.根据P20的测序结果,参照GenBank中BVDV Osloss株设计一对引物,扩增P14基因,经同源性比较,扩增的P14基因与Osloss株核苷酸同源性为94.77%,推导氨基酸同源性为95.10%,通过系统发生分析,推测P20基因和P14基因与Osloss株在进化上比较接近.     

Effect in vitro of bovine viral diarrhea virus on bovine embryos with the zona pellucida intact,damaged and removed

The in vitro effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on the survival of day 7 to day 7.5 bovine embryos collected from superovulated donors was studied. Fifty-four experimental embryos with the zona pellucida (ZP) intact, damaged or removed were exposed to 1×10⁴ TCD₅₀/ml of the NADL cytopathic strain of BVDC at 37°C for 24 hrs and compared to 36 control embryos that were cultured for 24 hr. Seven embryos with the ZP-removed were similarly exposed for 48 hrs and compared to five control embryos. The overall survival rate was 68% for embryos exposed to BVDV for 24 hrs and 77% for embryos not exposed (P>0.05). Extended exposure of the embryos with the ZP removed to virus for 48 hrs did not affect their survival rate compared to controls. Damage to the ZP by cracking or total removal of the ZP by micromanipulation or acidic Tyrode's solution had no effect on subsequent embryonic survival in the presence of BVDV. It was concluded that exposure to BVDV in vitro is not cytopathic for morula and blastocyst stage bovine embryos over a 48 hr period, even when they are not protected by the ZP.