提高动物生物学实验教学效果的探索与实践

实验教学是增加感性认知、增强动手技能、将知识转变为能力、培养学生综合素质的有效方法之一。笔者根据动物科学类专业动物生物学实验教学的特殊性，针对实验教学的各个环节，从改革实验教学方法、建立完善的实践教学体系等方面进行了探索与实践，增强了动物生物学实验的应用性和学生的参与热情，收到了很好的效果。     

动物医学专业复合应用型人才培养过程中实践教学的改革与应用

为了满足不同用人单位对动物医学专业技术人才实践能力的需求,高等农业院校应通过多种途径提高动物医学人才培养的质量,不断提高学生实践技能,为社会输送合格人才。内蒙古农业大学兽医学院在动物医学专业实践教学体系建设、实验条件建设、校内外实习基地建设,以及实践教学方法等方面进行了全面的改革与实践,建立了一套适用于动物医学专业的复合应用型专业人才培养模式,提高了学生的实践动手能力和创新能力,取得了较好的教学效果。     

理论与技能同步教学法在动物病理学课程中的应用

动物病理学是动物医学、兽医及兽药专业的基础课,也是一门重要的桥梁学科.动物病理学课程实践性非常强.为了培养学生综合分析问题、思考问题和解决问题的能力,调动学生的求学、求知兴趣,激发其学习的积极性,培养学生的实践动手能力,提高动物病理学教学效果,课程组在动物病理学的教学中采用了理论与技能同步教学法,并收到较好的教学效果...     

基于饲料知识竞赛的学生创新及实践动手能力培养

为加强对动物科学专业大学生创新能力和实践动手能力的培养,华中农业大学动物营养与饲料科学系以饲料学知识竞赛活动为契机,灵活教学方法、优化课程体系、分层次组织实验教学、举办各层次的技能活动激发学生学习的积极性,为本科生提供更多的实践训练机会,从而提高学生对未来人才市场需求的适应性,为学生尽早步入社会奠定坚实基础。     

工学结合下“层次化”实践技能教学管理体系的研究

在当前人才培养模式中,为了适应社会对人才的需求,高校必须加强对学生的实践技能的培养和操作,尤其是针对高职院校来说,学生的动手能力至关重要。本文介绍了浙江经济职业技术学院计算机控制专业的技能教学管理体系的改革探索,构建了技能实践和理论学习同步的"分层化"的技能实践课程体系。     

新形势下兽医外科手术学实验的改革与实践

兽医外科手术学实验实践性较强,技能要求较高,是培养合格兽医人才的重要专业实验课程之一。为了促进动医专业学生基本技能的提高,教育部教指委组织开展了一系列的动物医学技能大赛,而国内具有动医专业的高校也日益重视在校大学生科技动手能力,纷纷展开了各种级别的以培养学生实践动手能力为目的的创新型计划,例如“卓越兽医师计划”,以及“兴农杯”、“挑战杯”等大赛。各种动物医学技能大赛的举办为行业内同层面的技能交流架设了桥梁,促进了教学质量水平的提高[1]。为适应当前对人才培养和执业兽医考试的要求[2,3],笔者对《兽医外科手术学实验》的教学进行了改革和实践。     

以满足市场需求为导向的动物医学专业课程体系改革研究

随着畜牧业的快速发展,相关企业对于动物医学专业人才的需求越来越多,对其专业水平和实践动手能力要求也越来越高。如何提高动物医学专业学生的实践动手能力和综合素质,以满足企业对人才的需求,使学生尽快适应企业已成为农业院校动物医学专业培养学生的当务之急。     

高职动物外科手术实践教学现状及改进措施

动物外科手术实践教学是高职院校动物普通病防治技术课程中最重要的部分，具有很强的可操作性和实用性，对培养学生的实践动手能力起着重要作用，可以说外科手术水平的高低，是执业兽医师职业能力的重要体现。     

《动物生物学》课程实习考核模式探索

动物生物学课程实习考核改革需要充实实习考核内容,坚持以学生动手实践考核为主、理论考核为辅;实行动手操作、口试和笔试相结合的考核模式。     

动物科学专业实践教学模式研究与实践

实践教学是提高学生技能水平,培养学生动手操作能力和创新能力,提高学生综合素质的重要教学内容。文章阐述了动物科学实践教学人才培养方案的优化原则,实践教学环节的设置方式,实践教学内容、实践教学模式及实践考核标准的研究与实践。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …