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家蚕人工饲料育技术采用人工饲料养蚕,具有劳动效率高、农药中毒风险小等优点,有利于规模化、工厂化养蚕。本文对近年来家蚕人工饲料配方、遗传选育和应用实践等方面研究取得的进展进行了整理总结,以促进人工饲料的推广。 相似文献
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人工饲料养蚕与传统桑叶养蚕不是竞争和替代关系,二者都是为蚕桑产业发展服务的手段,会在相当长一段时期内共存。为优化人工饲料养蚕模式、加快人工饲料适新技术的推广应用,在宜宾市农村家庭式饲养中,开展了春蚕产量和秋蚕抗性试验,研究家蚕1~2龄人工饲料共育、3~5龄桑叶育(以下简称饲料育)与全龄桑叶育(以下简称桑叶育)对家蚕生长发育及茧丝质量的影响。结果表明:饲料育家蚕龄期经过较桑叶育延长1~2 d,增加的时间主要在于共育阶段的2龄眠期和农户饲养阶段的3龄期;饲料育期间眠蚕体质量显著低于桑叶育,在3龄转桑叶育至5龄48 h后,蚕体质量无显著差异;饲料育的鲜茧产量及茧质指标与桑叶育的相当,死笼率较桑叶育显著降低;饲料育的干茧丝质成绩与桑叶育相当,在洁净方面有优势,可缫高品位丝。 相似文献
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日本家蚕人工饲料的实用化与普及 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
<正> 一、人工饲料的实用化过程关于家蚕人工饲料的研究,最初只有少数人从事,当初的研究目的,也并不是为了向养蚕生产上推广人工饲料育。在日本农林省蚕丝试验场里,人工饲料是作为蚕的营养学研究及其他一些研究的手段而被采用的,后来才逐渐向实用化方面发展的。 1960年发表了家蚕人工饲料全龄育的论文。之后,一方面进行蚕的生理生化学的经 相似文献
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浅谈无菌蚕与无菌蚕饲育 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
日本自20世纪60年代家蚕全龄人工饲料育获得成功以来,曾有多名学者为了家蚕病理等研究,在试管或三角烧瓶等小型容器中用人工饲料少量试养过无菌蚕.京都工艺纤维大学松原藤好先生在人工饲料养蚕的研究中,为了杜绝蚕病发生、饲料变质及蚕粪发霉,最大程度减少养蚕操作,真正实现省力化,经30余年研究,创建了独特的松原KIT方式全龄人工饲料工厂化无菌育技术体系.这个技术体系包括家蚕无菌饲育基础理论的建立、无菌蚕室的设计,配套机械的研制、饲育标准的制定、稚壮蚕低成本人工饲料的开发、全龄人工饲料育蚕茧丝的利用、无菌蚕的多种用途研究等. 相似文献
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为了解家蚕人工饲料育的可行性,在安康蚕区进行了稚蚕人工颗粒饲料饲养试验。调查发现,稚蚕颗粒人工饲料育省力、省工,虽对蚕儿的生长发育和经济性状有一定影响,但符合轻简化养蚕实际。 相似文献
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家蚕人工饲料育研究的现状及我国的实用化对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1、国外研究概况
有关家蚕人工饲料的探索,早在30年代就有报道,但直到1960年,日本的福田和伊藤才首次用人工饲料养蚕完成了一个世代,从而开创了养蚕史上的新纪元.用人工饲料养蚕与桑叶育相比具有以下明显的优越性:首先,养蚕不受季节、气候和桑对生长的限制,可任意调整养蚕时间和全年连续养蚕,从而打破了传统的蚕桑生产模式.其次,人工饲料营养均一,可使蚕获得同样的营养条件,饲料消毒无菌,有利于防病、防污染.更重要的是,人工饲料育便于实现饲料生产和养蚕生产的机械化、工厂化,简化生产环节,可大幅度提高劳动生产力,是蚕业史上一项划时代的技术革新.此外,人工饲料还是开展家蚕营养学、病理学等基础研究的重要手段,在蚕的基因工程产业化等蚕业高新技术领域也有着广阔的应用前景.因此,受到世界各养蚕国特别是发达国家的高度重视,自其诞生以来,已经取得突飞猛进的发展.日本在推进工业化的历史背景下,其人工饲料的研究远远走在世界其他国家的前列,到1975年,日本已完成了稚蚕人工饲料育的实用化研究,1977年开始在生产上推广,普及率逐年提高,成为其蚕业生产的三大技术支柱之一.20世纪90年代以来,日本又培育成功广食性蚕品种,并开发出相应的低成本LP饲料、颗粒饲料及相应的饲育机械,可实现1~4龄用人工饲料工厂化饲育、5龄分户桑叶育的"蚕农一周养蚕"的蚕桑生产新模式.近来,日本由于高度工业化,传统农业包括养蚕业出现了极度萎缩的局面,为挽救其养蚕业,日本蚕业界结合家蚕新用途和新型蚕丝的开发,又进行了全龄一次给饵、一年饲养36批蚕的超省力全年连续无菌养蚕技术的研究,并进行了生产中试. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献