浅议陕西华县林业产业发展现状与对策

加快林业产业发展,不仅是调整农业产业结构、促进林区经济发展、增加林农收入的需要,更是实现"生态美"、建设"美丽中国"的具体途径和重要内容。本文通过总结分析当地林业产业发展现状、成效及问题,对在新形势下发展林业产业提出新构想和建设性意见。     

中央一号文件剑指“三农”新挑战 破解“三农”新困局

<正>中共中央、国务院近日印发《关于加大改革创新力度加快农业现代化建设的若干意见》。这是自2004年以来,中央一号文件连续第十二次聚焦"三农",意义之重大不言而喻。在经济发展步入新常态、农业农村发展面临新挑战的背景下,此次一号文件有哪些新精神、新部署,对当前我国"三农"发展呈现出的诸多挑战,文件有哪些破题之举?对此各方十分期待。     

新常态 新任务 新发展——中央一号文件对我们的新要求

<正>2015年2月1日,《关于加大改革创新力度加快农业现代化建设的若干意见》正式发布。这是自2004年以来,中央一号文件连续第十二次聚焦"三农"。当前,我国经济发展进入新常态,农业农村发展正经历深刻变革,要积极适应新常态,在经济放缓背景下应对农业农村发展的新挑战、解决新矛盾、新问题,必须进行顶层设计、全局谋划。今年的中央一号文件,就对如何在经济发展新常态下实现农业农村的新发展,让农业强、农村美、农民富,做出了明确要求。     

新的使命——产业创新和绿色发展

正1新形势新任务十九大的召开,及农业农村部和国家林业和草原局对草业提出了非常重要的新工作、新任务、新使命,都与草业发展具有极其密切的联系。在十九大精神中提出3项重要任务:中国绿色发展;"山水林田湖草"生命共同体;农村振兴、脱贫攻坚。农业农村部政策中提出3项重要工作:继续"振兴奶业苜蓿发展行动";继续进行"草牧业"、"粮改饲";十三五规划。     

2014年中央一号文件重点解决畜产品供给和安全问题

2014年中央一号文件发布,连续11年聚焦"三农",再次突显国家对农业、农村的重视,促进农民增收、农业增效、农村稳定是党中央对待"三农"工作的重要抓手。这次"一号文件"有关畜牧业的论述,着重聚焦"吃饱,吃好"的问题,强调了畜牧业与环境友好的发展,创造了农民从事养殖业的新契机。     

试论林业科技服务工作的重点

林业科技推广是科技支撑林业发展的桥梁和纽带,是林业科学技术与生产实际紧密结合的关键.为了全面提升林业技术推广服务水平,积极适应林业发展新常态,必须提高基层林业技术推广能力.本文着重讨论一下林业科技服务工作的重点.     

我国畜牧饲料科技发展趋势

<正>1我国饲料业的发展现状1.1政协1号提案聚焦绿色农业发展2013年全国政协第0001号提案是由九三学社中央提交的"关于加强绿色农业发展"提案,重点关注了中国农业发展存在的资源浪费和破坏、污染日趋显现、农业生产能源利用率低等问题,并建议发展低消耗、低排放、高效率的绿色农业模式。1.2持续的食品安全关注食品安全持续受到关注,如:中央电视台3.15晚会聚焦食品安全;"速生鸡"事件;嘉兴抛弃数万头死猪;     

林业会计信息化发展及建议

随着市场经济的快速发展,人类对林业的需求发生了重大变化。由原来以提供林产品为主要经营爵的传统林业转变为一个兼有产业职能的社会公益事业的现代林业。林业单位也迎来了新的挑战。传统的林业单位管理模式已经不能够适应现在的市场模式,所以林业会计的信息化建设在林业单位的发展上提供了巨大的动力。网络信息化的发展,使各行各业都对电子信息有所应用,信息化的建设,使得林业会计的实施有了新的方向,社会需求的变化迫使林业政策调整和机制转换;也使林业进入转轨变型的新环境。给林业部门参与市场竞争带来了新的机遇,同时对林业传统的会计信息提供也提出了挑战。但是林业会计的信息化建设还有待进一步的完善,来为林业的经济建设提供更大的动力。     

从中央一号文件精神把握饲料业的未来

<正>2017年2月5日,新华社发布了《中共中央、国务院关于深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革加快培育农业农村发展新动能的若干意见》,这是改革开放以来的第19份中央一号文件,也是其连续14次聚焦"三农"。文件指出,2017年农业的供给侧结构性改革是重点任务之一,要将中国农业发展成从过度依赖资源消耗向绿色生态可持续转变。近几年,中国饲料行业形势严峻,饲料生产已进入     

基于碳汇视角的伊春市林区“森林猪”养殖可行性分析

<正>2014年4月1日,黑龙江省重点国有林区全面停止商业性采伐,生态环境得到了保护,但林农收入下降,林业企业转型困难等问题突现,因此林区探寻适合自身发展的新思路迫在眉睫。黑龙江省"十三五"规划中指出"重点推进林区经济转型""坚持林业经济林中发展"。伊春市林区以发展林下养殖业为着力点,通过传统农户养殖结合"互联网+"平台,一方面提供优质健康产品,另一方面开拓销售渠道,以顾客需求为导向带动养殖业发展,做大做强"森林     

鸡胚注射碳酸化合物及提高孵化温度对种蛋孵化率、雏鸡糖原状态的影响

选择800枚16~21d肉用种蛋开展两个试验,评估胚胎注射碳水化合物对高温(37.5和38.5℃)孵化后胚胎的孵化特性、出壳小鸡的重量和相对重量以及孵化时间、肝脏和胸肌糖原含量、糖原指数的影响。试验对照组分为正对照组(不注射)、负对照组(注射生理盐水),处理组分别对鸡胚注射50、100、150、200和250mg碳水化合物。结果显示:胚胎注射200和250mg碳水化合物较50mg碳水化合物组显著降低了胚胎的孵化时间(P<0.05)。胚胎注射50、100、150、200和250mg碳水化合物较正对照组显著提高了出壳鸡只重量及相对重量(P<0.05),各处理组较对照组显著提高了出壳鸡只相对重量(P<0.05)。正对照组和碳水化合物处理组较负对照组显著降低了肝脏相对重量(P<0.05)。胚胎注射250mg碳水化合物组肝糖原含量最高(P<0.05),而正对照、负对照和50mg碳水化合物组肝糖原含量最低(P<0.05)。胚胎注射100、150、200和250mg碳水化合物较50mg碳水化合物和对照组显著提高了胸肌相对重量(P<0.05),胚胎注射150、200和250mg碳水化合物较对照组、50和100mg碳水化合物组显著提高了出壳鸡只的糖原指数(P<0.05)。综上所述,在该研究条件下提高鸡胚孵化后期(16~21d)的孵化温度和蛋鸡日龄会对出壳小鸡的体重和糖原状态产生负面影响,但鸡胚注射100mg碳水化合物会缓解鸡胚高温孵化对仔鸡生长的抑制,使糖原状态得以恢复。     

不同基因型菊芋耐盐生理及其生态适应性研究

本研究解析了菊芋耐盐生理及生态适应性的基因型差异,为菊芋抗逆品种筛选与生态建植提供了理论基础。试验以广适性品种河南品种(M1)和南菊芋1号(N1)为材料,设置低盐(100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl)和高盐(200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl)2个盐胁迫处理,观测了不同基因型菊芋品种的表观形态、抗氧化酶、内源激素等变化。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫明显抑制了菊芋苗期的生长发育,致使M1和N1品种植株矮化、根系发育受阻和干物质积累减少;(2)盐胁迫对M1品种叶绿素a(Chl-a)、叶绿素b(Chl-b)和总叶绿素(T-Chl)的合成没有影响(200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl Chl-a除外);而N1品种光合色素合成受阻;(3)低盐胁迫M1和N1品种超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著增强;高盐胁迫N1品种抗氧化酶活性明显下降,而M1品种较稳定(CAT除外);(4)低盐胁迫N1品种吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量相对稳定,但促进了赤霉素(GA₃)和脱落酸(ABA)的合成,M1品种内源激素含量均无明显变化;高盐胁迫N1品种IAA和GA₃含量明显降低,ABA无明显变化;M1品种GA₃含量增加,IAA和ABA含量相对稳定。不同基因型菊芋品种间耐盐性差异显著(M1>N1),且通过抗氧化酶活性、内源激素等内反馈调节机制,提高其生态适应性。     

Techniques for objective outcome assessment

Companion animal rehabilitation, a collaborative practice of physical therapy and veterinary medicine, can only demonstrate the effectiveness of its theories, techniques, interventions, and modalities through evidence-based practice, utilizing standardized, reliable, and valid outcome measures, correlated with objective diagnostic data. This essay examines existing and potential objective outcome measures utilized in companion animal rehabilitation and physical therapy regarding pain, vital signs, body condition and composition, range of motion, muscle strength, inflammation, functional mobility, and gait. Discussion is included of the traditional disablement model and the evolution of the physical therapy diagnosis, prognosis, and plan of care.     

鸡贫血病毒感染新城疫免疫雏鸡vNDV攻击后免疫病理学变化

本文对鸡贫血病毒感染新城疫免疫雏鸡新城疫强毒攻击后,其血清,泪液,气管液,肠液,胆汁的ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＭ,ＩｇＡ含量和ＨＩ抗本滴度;胸腺,法氏囊,脾脏,哈德尔腺,盲肠扁桃体的Ｔ细胞,ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＭ,ＩｇＡ抗体生成细胞数量以及免疫保护情况进行了检测。     

Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma

Abstract This paper is a review of commonly used topical antibacterial medications: benzoyl peroxide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, ethyl lactate, triclosan, mupirocin, neomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin and fusidic acid. Included is a review of the pharmacokinetics, modes of action, adverse effects and clinical uses in veterinary dermatology. General recommendations for topical antibacterial therapy are presented. Résumé— Cet article est une revue des topiques antibactériens les plus couramment utilisés: peroxyde de benzoyle, chlorhexidine, povidone iodée, lactate d'éthyle, triclosan, mupirocine, néomycine, polymyxine B, bacitracine et acide fucidique. Il inclut notamment une revue des pharmacocinétiques, des modes d'action, des effets secondaires et des indications thérapeutiques de ces produits en dermatologie vétérinaire. Les indications générales du traitement topique antibactérien sont présentées. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Traitement topique des pyodermites canines et félines). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Resumen Este articulo es una revisión de los productos tópicos antibacterianos más frecuentemente utilizados: peróxido de benzoilo, clorhexidina, povidona yodada, etillactato, triclosan, mupirocina, neomicina, polimixina B, bacitracina y ácido fusidico. Se incluye una revisión de la farmacocinética, mecanismos de acción, efectos colaterales y sus usos clínicos en dermatologia veterinaria. Se presentan recomendaciones generales para la terapia antibacteriana tópica. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Tratamiento topico de la pioderma canina y felina). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Zusammenfassung— Diese Veröffentlichung besteht in einer Übersicht von häufig verwendeten topischen antibakteriellen Arzneimitteln: Benzoylperoxid, Chlorhexidin, Povidon-Jod, Ethyllaktat, Triklosan, Mupirocin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin und Fusidinsäure. Mit eingeschlossen ist eine Übersicht über Pharmakokinetik, Wirkungsweise, Nebenwirkungen und klinische Anwendung in der Veterinärdermatologie. Allgemeine Empfehlungen für die lokale antibakterielle Therapie werden dargestellt. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma (Lokale Behandlung von kaninen und felinen Pyodermien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.]     

Effect of age on serum chemistry profile, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age

Chemistry tests were conducted on serum from young Beagle dogs in order to deter mine the effect of age on these parameters. Blood was collected at regular intervals from 25 normal Beagle puppies (13 males and 12 females) at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Serum chemistry profiles, protein electrophoresis and radioimmunoassays for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were included. Rapidly changing age related differences were observed in several parameters. Urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, glucose, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin values were elevated early in life, and decreased during the first 6 to 8 weeks, while alanine aminotransferase activity was low initially and increased during this period. Lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase attained stability by 3 months, but the remaining parameters showed slight changes subsequently, gradually approaching adult values. More gradual age related changes were observed in other parameters. These included alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium values, which were higher in younger dogs, and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and total protein values, which were lower in younger dogs. Creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase values were stable by approximately 6 months; alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and total protein values continued to change gradually up to 1 year.     

Concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk of pasture-fed thoroughbred mares

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations of milk during the lactation in pasture-fed Thoroughbred mares and then calculate the dietary mineral requirements of the sucking foal and the lactating mare. PROCEDURE: Milk was sampled on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and at various times between 55 to 65, 85 to 95 and 135 to 150 days after parturition from 21 pasture-fed mares. The concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Concentrations (mg/L) of these elements were highest in colostrum (Mg 302, Na 561, K 955, S 1035, Cu 0.76, Fe 0.79 and Zn 5.5) except for Ca (1245) and P (895), which where highest on day 7. The mean milk mineral element concentrations (mg/L) over days 55 to 150 were Ca 843, P 543, Mg 47, Na 120, K 590, S 219, Cu 0.19, Fe 0.34 and Zn 2.1. The mean plasma element concentrations (mg/L) over the same period were Ca 120, P 77.1, Mg 17.0, Na 3110, K 168, S 983, Cu 1.1, Fe 1.5 and Zn 0.49. Concentration gradients between plasma and milk were observed and, in the case of Ca, P, Mg, K and Zn, their concentrations in milk were greater than those in plasma, while a reverse situation was observed for Na, S, Cu and Fe. CONCLUSION: With the exception of Ca and P, the highest concentrations of mineral elements were observed in the colostrum. The nursing foal should have access to good pasture or creep feed, because the intakes of Ca, P and Cu from milk may be less than optimum to meet the daily mineral element requirements.     

Studies on the Haematology and Trace Element Status of Adult Bactrian Camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China

Reference values were established for some haematological and serum biochemical constituents in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China. The contents of seven trace elements in the blood, hair, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, cerebrum, cerebellum, rib, ovary, pancreas and gluteal muscle of Bactrian camels were also measured. Some of these values are reported for the first time for Bactrian camels in China. Most haematological and serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, yaks, sheep and dromedary camels, but the mean serum albumin concentration and the albumim/globulin ratio were significantly higher than those in other ruminants and the mean thyroxine concentration was half that in dromedary camels. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese and iron, and the renal cortex contained the highest concentration of selenium. The concentrations of selenium, cobalt, zinc, manganese and molybdenum in the tissues were within the reference ranges for other ruminants, but the mean iron and copper concentrations in the liver were significantly higher than those in other ruminants.     

中国桑树害虫名录(Ⅺ)

记述了昆虫纲(Insecta)双翅目(Diptera)、缨翅目(Thysanoptera)、等翅目(Isoptera)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、革翅目(Dermaptera)、蜚蠊目(Blattaria)的26种桑树害虫,以及蛛形纲(Arachnida)真螨目(Acariformes)、甲壳纲(Crustacea)等足目(Isopoda)、软体动物门(Mollusca)腹足纲(Gastropoda)柄眼目(Stylommatophora)共28种桑树害虫与危害物种,分别介绍了这些害虫及危害物种的中文名称、学名、寄主种类与主要分布区域,为控制桑树各类有害生物的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

MENISCAL OSSICLES IN LARGE NON-DOMESTIC CATS

Radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. The animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. Fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. Ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of the medial meniscus in most of the lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars. These ossicles were found in half of the cougars but in none of the bobcats. Among the large, non-domestic cats, meniscal ossicles had been reported previously only in Bengal tigers. The lions, tigers, and leopards having meniscal ossicles appeared to have a lateral but often not a medial fabella of the gastrocnemius muscle, an observation previously unreported. Popliteal sesamoids and patellas were present in all the skeletally mature cats.