木瓜榕和对叶榕上昆虫群落结构

在西双版纳热带雨林中的木瓜榕和对叶榕两个种群内共采集昆虫标本20088号，其中访问木瓜榕的昆虫有8目21科33属，共40种，在对叶榕上采集到37种昆虫，隶属于7目21科32属。两种榕树的昆虫群落组成特点表现为：害虫种类多，种类达群落总种数的94．6％－97．0％，但个体数量少，主要是鳞翅目、鞘翅目及同翅目等类群的昆虫；许多昆虫既喜食榕果又可危害叶片，部分种类仅取食叶片和蛀干；这些类群中在隐头花果内外活动的昆虫种类最多，达54％，数量上占到93．1％－94．3％。益虫种类少，则个体数量多，尤其是传粉榕小蜂和群数量占绝对优势（86．4％－90．2％），它的成功传粉影响着榕树群落的构建和稳定。     

Evaluation of the antinociceptive activity of Ficus deltoidea aqueous extract

The aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves was evaluated for possible antinociceptive activity in three models of nociception, namely, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin and hot plate test. The results of the present study showed that intraperitoneal administration of the F. deltoidea leaves aqueous extract at the dose of 1, 50 and 100 mg/kg, 30 min prior to pain induction produced significant dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in all the models used, which indicating the presence of both central and peripherally mediated activities. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effect of the extract in the formalin and hot plate test was reversed by the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone suggesting that the endogenous opioid system is involved in its analgesic mechanism of action. Thus, the present results demonstrated that F. deltoidea leaves aqueous extract contains pharmacologically active constituents which possess antinociceptive activity justifying its popular therapeutic use in treating conditions associated with the painful conditions.     

Antidiarrhoeal activity of Strychnos potatorum seed extract in rats

The antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanol extract of the dried seeds of Strychnos potatorum (MESP) has been evaluated out in rats using different models (castor oil-induced diarrhoea, effects on gastrointestinal motility and on PGE(2)-induced gastric enteropooling. MESP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (P<0.001) inhibited the frequency of defaecation and reduced the wetness of faecal droppings in castor oil-induced diarrhoea, decreased the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract, and also reduced the PGE(2)-induced enteropooling.     

五指毛桃黄酮和香豆素类成分研究

对五指毛桃的化学成分进行了研究.分离得到11个化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据,分别鉴定为补骨脂素(Ⅰ)、伞形花内酯(Ⅱ)、 5,3',4'-三羟基-3,7-二甲氧基黄酮(Ⅲ)、 5,7,2',4'-四羟基黄酮(Ⅳ)、 5-羟基-3,7,4'-三甲氧基黄酮(Ⅴ)、山柰酚(Ⅵ)、紫云英苷(Ⅶ)、金合欢素 7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅷ)、木犀草素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅸ)、柚皮素(Ⅹ)及胡萝卜苷(Ⅺ).经检索,化合物Ⅱ～Ⅹ为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

Hepatoprotective activity of Adhatoda vasica aqueous leaf extract on D-galactosamine-induced liver damage in rats

Adhatoda vasica leaf showed significant hepatoprotective effect at doses of 50-100 mg/kg, p.o., on liver damage induced by D-galactosamine in rats.     

台湾爱玉子研究现状与引种栽培前景

爱玉子是我国重要的森林副产物之一，其隐花果内的瘦果通过加工可结胶为爱玉冻，是一种清爽可口、消暑解渴、低热量的纯天然冷饮食品，在台湾有着悠久的消费习惯和广阔市场。该文着重介绍台湾爱玉子的研究现状，对台湾爱玉子在福建省引种栽培具有一定的指导作用。     

不同基质对无柄小叶榕容器苗生长和叶片生理特性的影响

以珍珠岩、锯屑、稻谷壳和泥炭土为材料,采用单形重心混料试验设计方法设计14种轻型基质配方.以常规基质为对照,研究这14种基质对无柄小叶榕容器苗的生长和叶片生理特性的影响.结果表明:不同基质配方对容器苗的生长和叶片生理特性有显著影响,5,6和8号基质容器苗的生长极显著优于常规基质容器苗,而3,12和14号基质容器苗的生长则极显著差于对照.5,6和8号基质容器苗叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率显著高于对照,3,12和14号基质容器苗的类胡萝卜素含量和净光合速率显著低于对照,此外,3,12和14号基质容器苗O2-产生速率明显高于对照.3,12和14号基质容器苗较低的光合性能是由于光合色素合成不足和光合机构活性较低所导致.光合机构中过剩激发能不能通过非辐射能的形式有效地耗散掉,诱导了O2-生成,引起膜脂过氧化加剧而使光合机构受到损伤,加剧其光合速率的降低.不同基质中无柄小叶榕容器苗的生长和叶片生理特性分析表明:5,6和8号基质为无柄小叶榕容器育苗的优良轻型培养基质,对无柄小叶榕的容器苗生产具有重要意义.     

浙江榕属植物叶表皮和瘦果形态的扫描电镜观察

在扫描电子显微镜下观察了浙江产的12种(变种)榕属植物的叶表皮和瘦果形态.结果表明:叶下表皮均有气孔器,上表皮均未发现气孔器;气孔外拱盖内缘呈浅波状、啮齿状或平滑;叶表皮角质膜具浅波状细条纹、深波状粗条纹或具蠕虫状条纹;瘦果分为4个类型:脊条状纹饰,皱波状纹饰、乳头状纹饰和浅波状纹饰.上述特征在不同种之间都有一些差异,这些差异可作为区分种和变种的辅助特征.     

Antidiabetic activity of hydro-ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus in alloxan induced diabetes in rats

In light of the traditional claim of Cyperus rotundus in the treatment of diabetes, investigations were carried out to evaluate its effect on alloxan induced hyperglycemia in rats. Oral daily administration of 500 mg/kg of the extract (once a day for seven consecutive days) significantly lowered the blood glucose levels. This antihyperglycemic activity can be attributed to its antioxidant activity as it showed the strong DPPH radical scavenging action in vitro.     

Hypoglycemic activity of Nymphaea stellata leaves ethanolic extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats

The ethanolic extract of leaves of Nymphaea stellata given by oral route to diabetic rats at dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for seven days reduced significantly by 31.6 and 42.6 % the plasma glucose level increased by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/day of alloxan. Moreover, the treatment significantly affected the plasma level of cholesterol and triglyceride.     

不同光照处理对黄心榕叶色及色素含量的影响

选取华南地区近年常用的彩色叶植物--黄心榕作为试验对象,在夏季对其进行梯度光照处理,观察记录其叶色变化,并对其叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量进行测定,分析黄心榕在不同光照条件下叶色及色素含量变化规律,为黄心榕的园林应用提供科学依据.     

无花果叶形性状的SCAR分子标记

无花果(Ficus carica)为桑科(Moraceae)无花果属(Ficus)植物,是人类最早栽培的果树之一(Mordenchai et al.,2006).无花果不仅具有较高的营养价值,还具有多种医疗效果.另外,还可以加工成保健饮料、酒、茶、果干、果脯、果酱、罐头、果汁等产品,市场供不应求.近年来,无花果与草莓、猕猴桃等同为新开发的第三代水果.另外,无花果树在净化空气和绿化方面也有很好的作用.但目前我国无花果只在新疆、江苏、山东及以南的部分省区有少量种植,而且品种资源较为混乱,给种植者带来较大的经济损失.所以加强对无花果资源的鉴定和管理具有重要的现实意义.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of Pothomorphe peltata leaf methanol extract.

The methanol extract of Pothomorphe peltata leaves, orally administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg (equivalent to 2.50 g dry plant/kg) body weight, exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity, comparable with phenylbutazone (80 mg/kg, p.o.), against adjuvant-carrageenan-induced edema in rats.     

Studies on the alkali extract from beech holocellulose

Summary The alkali extract (5% KOH) from beech holocellulose was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography, resulting in several fractions containing different amounts of polyoses and lignin. The separated polyoses varied to some extent in the ratios of their sugar components. Three different 4-0-methylglucurono-xylans and three arabinogalactans were isolated. There was a direct relationship between the chemical composition and the ultrastructure of the fractions. Those containing a pure 4-0-methylglucurono-xylan showed bundles of thin and stiff fibrils while in fractions with a high percentage of lignin coiled fibrils and globular particles could be observed in the electron microscope.Submitted by Arbeitsgemeinschaft Industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen (AIF) via Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung. The conscientious preparation of the electron microscopic specimens by Miss U. Schwarz is appreciated.     

沙棘籽原花青素提取物抗氧化作用研究

本试验研究了沙棘籽原花青素提取物的抗氧化作用。结果表明，该提取物按100mg／kg，300mg／kg及600mg／kg给小鼠灌胃，皆可提高小鼠红细胞SOD活性和小鼠全血GSH—PX活性，并能降低小鼠肝脏LPO含量。为此，沙棘籽原花青素提取物具有抗氧化作用。     

荷叶抗菌活性成分研究进展

荷叶中富含黄酮和生物碱类物质,这些物质具有很好的抗菌作用。为给荷叶在医药、保健品等领域的开发与应用提供参考,就荷叶黄酮和生物碱类物质的抗菌活性、提取分离及定量分析等方面的研究情况与研究进展进行了综述。     

无花果丰产栽培技术规程

为解决无花果生产技术问题,在试验研究的基础上,制定了有关无花果丰产栽培的环境条件、苗木繁育、建园和栽植、栽培管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治和果实的催熟、采收与包装运输等方面的技术规程,为发展无花果生产提供技术参考。     

沙棘叶子提取物对白化病白鼠由铬诱导氧化胁迫的抗氧化活性评估

本研究报道沙棘(胡颓子科)对雄性白化病白鼠由铬诱导氧化胁迫的抗氧化活性。氧化胁迫通过对小白鼠进行强制性喂养30 d,以浓度为30 m g/kg的铬相对体重比例的重铬酸钾盐实现。铬促使体重下降,而却明显增加了器官与体重比例。铬处理明显减少了谷胱甘肽的降低,增加了丙二醛和肌氨酸磷酸激酶的水平;而且它还加强了血清中谷氨酸草酰乙酸转移酶和谷氨酸丙酮酸转移酶的浓度。用不同剂量的沙棘叶子提取物(乙醇提取)对保护铬元素诱导的氧化胁迫进行了评估,结果表明叶子提取物在浓度为100到250 m g/kg铬与体重比的情况下可以明显保护动物避免由铬所诱导的氧化伤害。     

板栗叶形特征值及其相关性研究

对5个板栗品种叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶形指数等性状的分析,表明叶形指数稳定性强,能较准确地反映不同品种的叶形特征。叶长、叶宽、叶长×叶定与叶面积存在着极显著的正相关,但以叶长×叶宽与叶面积的相关性最强,其相应的回归方程用于叶面积的测定更为精确。魁栗、紫油光、上光栗、本地土板栗4个品种可共用1个方程（x为叶长×叶宽）进行叶面积测定。     

爱玉子与薜荔比较分析研究

爱玉子与薜荔为同属不同种的藤本植物,两者虽有相似之处,但也存在许多较大的区别。通过收集有关资料和研究,着重介绍爱玉子与薜荔在形态特征、隐花果特性、天然分布以及商品品质等方面的不同之处,以供有关学者和拟引种爱玉子的投资者参考。