贵州榕属植物分种检索表

作为对中国榕属(Ficus L.)植物区系、分类学和资源信息的补充,本文提供了贵州榕属植物41种,13变种,1亚种及1变型的分种检索表。     

江苏毛茛科新记录属——獐耳细辛属

报道了分布于江苏句容市茅山的一新分布属——獐耳细辛属(Hepatica Miller)和新记录变种獐耳细辛(Hepatica nobilis var.asiatica Schreb).     

云雾贡茶——贵州山茶属一新变种

描述了贵州山茶属一新变种——云雾贡茶(Camelliasinensis(L.)Kuntze var.niaowangensisQ.H.Chen。该变种与原变种茶树(Camellia sinensisvar.sinensis)的主要区别在于叶片较大,质地较薄,叶表面侧脉明显下凹,叶面呈皱纹状,花萼片背面被微毛,边缘具缘毛。     

河南省玉兰属分布新记录

首次报道了河南省玉兰属新记录和新记录变种。它们是:罗田玉兰Yulaniapilocarpa(Z.Z.ZhaoetZ.W.Xie)D.L.Fuvar.alba(Treseder)D.L.FuetT.B.Zhao,var.transl.nov.     

黄花菜·萱草·大花萱草

<正>黄花菜、萱草、大花萱草都是百合科萱草属植物。这一属植物世界约有15～18种,我国产11种,在民间统称为萱草。黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina)又名金针菜。花黄色,芳香。花蕾长8～16厘米,加工后作蔬菜用。用于经济栽培的黄花菜还包括小黄花菜(H.minor)、北黄花菜(H.flava)等。萱草(H.fulva)花橘红色,不香。花蕾长7～12厘米,有重瓣花的变种(var.kwanso),是我国庭院种植的传统花卉(图1)。     

观赏与食用兼备的猕猴桃新品种‘满天红’

猕猴桃属植物中以中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis）的原变种（A．chinensis var．chinensis）和美味猕猴桃（A．chinensisis var．deliciosa）变种的分布最广，自然蕴藏量最大，果实最大，且经济价值最高。     

基于5.8SrDNA/ITS序列的几种内蒙古棘豆属植物分子系统学研究

提取小花棘豆(Oxytropis.glabra DC.)、小叶小花棘豆(O.glabra var.tenuis)、刺叶柄棘豆(O.aciphylla Ledeb.)、砂珍棘豆(O.racemusa Turcz.)、多叶棘豆(O.verticillaris (L.)J.N)、黄毛棘豆(O.ochrantha Turcz.)基因组DNA,扩增其5.8SrDNA/ITS序列并测序,将所测序列与GenBank中疏毛棘豆(O.pilosa)和长白棘豆(O.anertii)5.8SrDNA/ITS序列进行同源性比对,利用MEGA4.0软件采用Neighbor-joining法构建系统发育树,旨在为棘豆属下种间及种下分类研究提供分子依据.结果表明:多叶棘豆、砂珍棘豆和黄毛棘豆构成姐妹群,并在部分地理种群上混杂,认为将三者归入真棘豆亚属Subgen.Euoxytropis轮叶棘豆组Sect.Baicalia Stell.ex Bunge更合理.小叶小花棘豆与小花棘豆亲缘关系很近,支持将其视为变种的观点.刺叶柄棘豆的不同地理种群形成两大分支,对其在亚属水平上的分类还需进一步商榷.研究赞同棘豆属植物为单系起源,认为种内不同地理种群间的亲缘关系在一定程度上受到了植被类型和生境的影响.     

贵州蔷薇属一新变种——光枝无子刺梨

报道中国贵州蔷薇科蔷薇属一新变种:光枝无子刺梨(Rosa sterilisS. D. Shi var. leioclada M. T. An,Y. Z. Cheng et M. Zhong)。     

黔西北杜鹃属植物宏观形态学特征研究

黔西北地区是贵州高山杜鹃类群分布的最主要区域,其中尤以百里杜鹃自然保护区最具代表性.本文采用经典植物分类学形态学研究方法,对黔西北杜鹃属植物的宏观形态学性状特征及其分类学价值进行了分析和探讨,结果表明:有重要分类学价值的性状有叶、花序、花萼、花冠、雄蕊、子房及花柱等各部的形状、大小、数目及毛被等.还对杜鹃属植物的种间杂交进行了讨论.     

重庆百合科植物新记录——云南大百合

报道了重庆阴条岭国家级自然保护区百合科植物1新记录变种——云南大百合[Cardiocrinum giganteum var.yunnanense(Elwes) Stearn]。并描述新记录种的形态特征和生境分布，凭证标本保存于重庆自然博物馆植物标本室(CQNM)。     

黄杨属植物ITS序列分子进化特点分析

黄杨属植物种类多,分类较为混乱,特别是中国特有种珍珠黄杨的分类地位和系统进化存有争议,鉴于此,本文选取黄杨属5种植物和珍稀濒危植物珍珠黄杨的5个居群,对其rDNA ITS序列分析,结合GenBank中报道的黄杨属其它9个种,以板凳果属顶花板凳果的ITS序列为参照,用成对比较的方法对黄杨属18种植物的ITS序列比较发现,...     

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott,Colocasia antiquorum Schott,how many species? 1. A preliminary investigation

Summary The taxonomy of edible Colocasia (Cocoyam) is confusing. The existence of one species, C. esculenta var. antiquorum or C. esculenta and C. antiquorum as two separate species is controversial. Nine high yielding Nigerian cultivars of cocoyam made up of members of the two taxa were grown under the same environmental conditions. As a preliminary investigation, 17 characters were monitored and recorded to help in the classification of the cultivars. Results showed that cocoyams can be grouped into two separate species. The qualities possessed by TCe 23, Nwine and Ukpon cultivars which include pink tuber skin, long or club shaped cormels and non-irritation in the throat when boiled and eaten, clearly distinguished them from those of Tce 15, 19, 27, 36, Ede-ofe and Kochuom.     

白菜类几种蔬菜花粉扫描电镜观察

用扫描电子显微镜对白菜类6种蔬菜花粉及甘蓝花粉进行了观察:白菜类蔬菜不同类型的花粉其大小、形态、花粉外壁纹饰存在差异.芜菁、卵圆型大白菜、苔菜属大花粉类型,直筒型大白菜、白菜型油菜、小白菜属小花粉类型.形状大部分为长椭球形.萌发孔形式为三孔沟状.表面纹饰为穴状网.分析比较结果为鉴定和识别这些蔬菜类型,研究其起源、进化及分类提供了参考.     

Constant Color-leaved Species in Tibet and Their Application in Landscaping

To analyze the basic conditions of constant colored-leaved tree species in Tibet, this study applied the "biological five-point method" to investigate the plant communities layer by layer, investigated landscape plant species and their landscaping application in Tibet. The results showed that(a) there are 40 constant color-leaved species(including varieties) in Tibet, belonging to 35 genera, 22 families, including 26 tree species and 16 shrub species. In terms of color, 22 species are yellow, 9 purple, 7 red and 2 others, occupying 55.00%, 22.50%, 17.50% and 5.00% of the total constant color-leaved species, respectively.(b) In the tree layer, the species ranking the top 2 of the importance value list are Prunus cerasifera Ehrhar f. atropurpurea Rehd. and Photiniax serrulata ‘Rubens' with an importance value of 26.063 and 9.035; in the shrub layer, the species ranking the top 3 of the importance value list are Ligustrum × vicaryi Hort, Berberis thunbergi var. atropurpurea Chenault, Platycladus orientalis cv. Aurea Nana with an importance value of 22.577, 18.987 and 10.529.(c) The most-applied species belong to the Rosaceae(9), Leguminosae(5), and Oleaceae(3), accounting for 22.50%, 12.50% and 7.50% of the total investigated constant color-leaved species, respectively.(d) Most of the investigated species grow well, but some of them including Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea Chenault grow moderately, Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, Aucuba chinensis var. iegata grow poorly, and the causes of poor growth should be explored further or application of these species should be controlled. In addition, pertinent suggestions were put forward in view of major problems in the application of constant color-leaved species in Tibet.     

Diversity of potato genetic resources

A considerable number of highly diverse species exist in genus Solanum. Because they can adapt to a broad range of habitats, potato wild relatives are promising sources of desirable agricultural traits. Potato taxonomy is quite complex because of introgression, interspecific hybridization, auto- and allopolyploidy, sexual compatibility among many species, a mixture of sexual and asexual reproduction, possible recent species divergence, phenotypic plasticity, and the consequent high morphological similarity among species. Recent researchers using molecular tools have contributed to the identification of genes controlling several types of resistance as well as to the revision of taxonomical relationships among potato species. Historically, primitive forms of cultivated potato and its wild relatives have been used in breeding programs and there is still an enormous and unimaginable potential for discovering desirable characteristics, particularly in wild species Different methods have been developed to incorporate useful alleles from these wild species into the improved cultivars. Potato germplasm comprising of useful alleles for different breeding objectives is preserved in various gene banks worldwide. These materials, with their invaluable information, are accessible for research and breeding purposes. Precise identification of species base on the new taxonomy is essential for effective use of the germplasm collection.     

普通小麦 小黑麦和黑麦花粉粒及其叶表皮结构的扫描电镜观察

普通小麦、小黑麦和丹麦黑麦在花粉粒形状。花粉粒表面纹饰和叶表皮结构等方面存在显著差异。小黑麦的上述特征介于普通小麦和丹麦黑麦之间。因此,花粉粒形状及其表面纹饰特征和叶表皮结构特征可能适于作为种属分类的重要依据之一,对新物种的鉴定和确定物种间的亲缘关系也有参考意义。     

Investigations preliminary to the production of cultivars of Andropogon gayanus

Investigations of isolating barriers which may be operating within the perennial grass species Andropogon gayanus are described and their significance to the selection programme discussed. The taxonomy and cytological variation, the degree of crossfertilization and the effect of variation in time of flowering are considered.     

中国西部芥菜型油菜遗传多样性研究

利用23对SRAP引物、11对AFLP引物和10对SSR引物对我国西部地区的芥菜型油菜及其近缘种108份材料进行了遗传多样性分析, 共检测到313个等位变异, 3种标记的每对引物平均分别可检测到6.8、12.5和1.9个等位变异。包括白菜型和芸芥在内的108份品种间遗传相似系数在0.378~0.936之间, 103份芥菜型油菜品种间遗传相似系数在0.545~0.936之间。聚类分析结果表明, 在相似系数0.558处, 5个参照品种白菜型油菜、小白菜以及芸芥首先被聚出芥菜型油菜之外; 在相似系数0.70处, 103份芥菜型油菜可分为云贵陕南冬播(A)、关中冬播(B)、新疆I (C)、新疆II (D)和西部春播(E)五个类群, 其中A、B基本为冬播品种, C、D、E为春播品种。A类群品种间遗传差异最大, B类群其次。陕西和新疆的品种均分别被聚到3个类群, 表现出更广泛的遗传多样性。春播类型绝大部分被聚到E类群, E类群可分为3个亚类, 其中陕北及其邻近一带春播黄芥为一类, 形成一个独立的遗传群体, 群内遗传多样性较高; 西藏的10个品种为一类, 相似系数高达0.83以上, 表现出西藏品种遗传系统的独立和遗传基础的单一; 澳大利亚2个品种单独为一类, 与我国的春播品种关系较近。由此说明, 地理和生态条件是影响芥菜型油菜类群的主要因素, 我国的冬播品种间的遗传多样性高于春播品种, 陕西和新疆的芥菜型油菜遗传多样性较高。     

3种鸢尾属植物种子吸水及发芽特性研究

对单花鸢尾(Iris.uniflora)、细叶单花鸢尾(I.uniflora var.caricina)和矮紫苞鸢尾(I.ruthencia var.nana)种子吸水规律进行测定,并研究温度和光照对这3种鸢尾属植物种子萌发的影响。结果表明:3种鸢尾种子生活力均为99.0%;种子含水量均在6.0%以上,其中矮紫苞鸢尾种子含水量最多,为7.5%;种子吸水过程符合Logistic曲线,分急剧吸水期、稳定吸水期和饱和吸水期3个阶段;3种鸢尾种子在变温35℃/25℃下发芽率最高,均达到了80%以上;光照能促进对3种鸢尾种子萌发,在光照24 h下发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均比黑暗24 h下的高。