九份紫色蓝色小麦的麦谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白和农艺性状分析

为了解紫色蓝色籽粒小麦的遗传背景及利用价值,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)技术,对9份紫色蓝色小麦品种(系)的麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白进行了分析。麦谷蛋白的SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,9份材料的HMW-GS出现了8种亚基和6种亚基组合类型;Glu-A1位点的主要亚基为1亚基(66.7%),Glu-B1位点主要为7+8亚基(55.6%),优质14+15亚基频率为22.2%,Glu-D1位点,优质亚基5+10的频率为55.6%。主要亚基组合为1/7+8/5+10和Null/7+8/5+10。9份材料的LMW-GS共分离出17条带,其中有7条为共有条带,比例达到41.2%。醇溶蛋白的A-PAGE电泳结果显示,9份材料共分离出20条带,其中共有条带7条(35.0%);9份材料的LMW-GS和醇溶蛋白遗传多样性较低。聚类分析结果显示,9份材料的遗传距离为0.07~0.37,在遗传距离为0.22水平时,9份材料可分为4类,其中HR-1和NH-1,在0.07的水平上聚为一类。综合农艺性状特征、麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白分析,紫色籽粒材料漯珍1号、HR-1和NH-1,具有1和5+10优质亚基,可作为优良亲本在遗传和育种中加以研究利用。     

河南省主推小麦品种籽粒储藏蛋白质遗传多样性分析

采用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)和十二烷基磺酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对河南省主推小麦品种进行了醇溶蛋白位点特异性检测和高分子谷蛋白亚基(HMWGS)组成分析。结果表明:41份小麦品种(系),共分离出31条不同迁移率的谱带,绝大多数品种在α、β、γ和ω4个区中存在着较大差异,其中α区共有6条带,β区共有10条带,γ区共有8条带,ω区共有7条带;供试品种在遗传相似系数(GS值)为0.68的水平下可明显聚为6类。45份河南小麦品种(系)共出现了11种亚基和15种亚基组合类型,在Glu-A 1位点,主要亚基是1亚基,其频率达75.6%;在Glu-B 1位点,主要以7+8和7+9为主,分别占33.3%和55.6%;Glu-D 1位点,5+10、2+12和5+12均较多,分别占33.3%、35.6%和28.9%。频率较高的组合形式有1、7+9、5+12和1、7+9、5+10,其频率依次为17.8%和15.6%。说明河南小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基和醇溶蛋白的遗传变异丰富,遗传基础较为广泛。     

乌克兰普通小麦品种储藏蛋白分析

为了更好的利用乌克兰小麦品种资源,并了解引进品种的品质,采用SDS-PAGE和A-PAGE技术,对从乌克兰引进小麦材料的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和醇溶蛋白亚基的组成进行分析。结果表明,在16个普通小麦品种中,由Glu-1位点控制的高分子量亚基组合类型共有7种,最常见的是（1,7+8,5+10）占37.5%,其次是（1,2+12,6+8）和（1,7+9,5+10）,各占18.75%,其中Glu-A1位点有3种等位变异,以1亚基为主（75%）;Glu-B1位点有3种等位变异,以7+8为主（43.75%）;Glu-D1位点有3种等位变异,以5+10为主（68.75%）。醇溶蛋白方面,从供试材料的6个位点中,共鉴定了33个不同的醇溶蛋白等位基因,41条迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白带纹,其中Gli-A1,Gli-B1和Gli-D1分别有6,5,5个等位基因;Gli-A2,Gli-B2和Gli-D2各有6,5,6个等位基因,优质亚基Gli-B1b出现频率较高（43.75%）,这些材料有可能会成为比较有价值的品质改良中间材料。     

黄淮麦区小麦新品系高分子量谷蛋白亚基的组成及结构变化分析

为了解高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成对小麦品质产生的影响,利用SDS-PAGE技术对黄淮麦区221份小麦新品系的HMW-GS组成进行鉴定,对其系谱来源进行分析,并比较近10年来黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)的HMW-GS结构变化。结果表明,黄淮麦区小麦新品系的杂交亲本来源较为单一,具有周8425B和豫麦2号血统的材料高达155个,占到全部供试材料的70.1%,以郑麦9023等小偃系列和济麦20等鲁麦系列为亲本的材料分别有34,40个,占全部供试材料的15.4%和18.1%。221份供试材料中共出现13种亚基及亚基组合,其中在Glu-A1位点,亚基1出现频率最高,占供试材料的58.8%,自2008年以来,亚基1的出现频率高于Null类型;在Glu-B1位点上,共出现7种亚基变异类型,出现频率较高的亚基组合是7+9和7+8,分别占供试材料的57.5%和30.3%,自2007年以来,7+9亚基组合类型的出现频率最高,优质强筋的17+18和13+16亚基组合的出现频率相对较低;在Glu-D1位点上,强筋亚基组合5+10占供试材料的15.4%,自2007年以来,5+10和2+12亚基组合的出现频率整体呈平行的趋势。本试验还检测出普通小麦品种中很少出现的5+12亚基组合,占供试材料的9.0%。     

小偃系列小麦品种的HMW-GS和醇溶蛋白分析

为探讨小偃系列小麦品种的品质相关性状的遗传基础,为小麦品质改良和品种选育提供参考。采用SDS-PAGE和A-PAGE技术对14个小偃系列小麦品种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）和醇溶蛋白进行了研究。结果表明：14份小偃系列小麦品种共出现了7种亚基和5种亚基组合类型。Glu-A1位点,1亚基是主要亚基,其频率达85．7％;G1u-B1位点,7＋9亚基是主要亚基。其频率为50％;Glu-D1位点,2＋12是主要亚基,其频率高达92．9％。1,7＋9,2＋12是主要的亚基组合类型,其频率为35．7％;小偃系列小麦品种整体品质得分较高,为7．21。14个小偃系列小麦品种共检测到19条醇溶蛋白带型。平均13．6条;其遗传距离（GD）在0．23-0．59之间,当遗传距离为0．50时,14个品种可聚为4个大类,来源相同的品种,遗传相似性大。可以聚在一起。小偃系列小麦品种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基和醇溶蛋白的遗传变异较小。遗传基础较狭窄。     

冬小麦品种的HMW-GS组成和1BL/1RS易位分布及其与品质性状的关系研究

研究了我国代表性冬小麦品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)以及1BL/1RS易位的分布和组成,探讨了其对揉面仪特性等小麦加工品质性状的影响,结果表明:在Glu-A1位点,我国小麦品种中1亚基的频率为64.0%,N亚基为32.5%,2*亚基频率低,为3.5%;在Glu-B1位点,7 9亚基占56.8%,7 8亚基为26.4%,14 15亚基为10.7%,而20,13 16,7亚基的材料极少(频率分别为3.6%,1.5%和1%);在Glu-D1位点,2 12和4 12亚基合计占63.0%,而5 10亚基的比例偏低,为37.0%.1BL/1RS易位系的比例仍然偏高,为50.8%.HMW-GS组成及1BL/1RS易位对小麦加工品质影响较大,其中5 10亚基对小麦绝大多数加工品质指标起正向作用,而1BL/1RS易位对大多数品质指标起负向作用.因此,我国小麦品种5 10亚基的频率仍然偏低,1BL/1RS易位系频率仍然偏高,可能正是目前我国小麦生产中优质品种面筋强度不够,品质稳定性差的原因所在.根据SDS-PAGE麦谷蛋白电泳结果或分子标记进行优质高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基选择,提高5 10等优质亚基的比例,并根据醇溶蛋白电泳结果进行1BL/1RS易位筛选,降低1BL/1RS频率,应成为今后我国优质小麦育种的重要目标和手段之一.     

HMW-GS和LMW-GS组成对小麦加工品质的影响

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素。以小麦品种PH82-2(亚基组成1, 14+15, 2+12和Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d, Glu-D3c)和内乡188(亚基组成1, 7+9, 5+10和 Glu-A3a, Glu-B3j, Glu-D3b)的242份F₃和F₄株系(试验I)和91份产量比较试验材料(试验II)研究了贮藏蛋白组成对小麦加工品质的影响。结果表明,HMW-GS和LMW-GS等位变异对籽粒蛋白质含量的影响不大,但对加工品质均有极显著影响(P<1%)。就位点的效应而言,Glu-D1位点对加工品质的效应较大,而Glu-D3位点的效应较小。就单个亚基而言,在Glu-B1位点,14+15<7+9;在Glu-D3位点,Glu-D3c>Glu-D3b。1B/1R易位系的部分品质性状,如和面时间、曲线下降斜度和峰积分好于非1B/1R易位系。     

Glu-D1位点亚基缺失弱筋小麦新种质的创制及其品质分析

辐射诱变是一种重要的变异手段,为了丰富小麦的品质性状变异资源,通过采用60Co-?射线辐射普通小麦品种‘冀3235’幼胚愈伤组织的方法,获得辐射诱变处理的再生植株。对再生株后代种子进行麦谷蛋白亚基的SDS-PAGE分析,结果从中发现了不含Glu-D1位点编码的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的材料。经进一步的系谱选择,选育成了稳定遗传的7份材料。与对照‘冀3235’相比,这些株系的农艺性状无明显差异,醇溶蛋白A-PAGE电泳谱带也完全相同,仅在麦谷蛋白SDS-PAGE电泳图谱的Glu-D1位点上有差异（变异系缺少Glu-D1位点控制的亚基,对照‘冀3235’为2+12）。品质分析结果表明,Glu-D1位点缺失系的面粉品质发生了很大变化,其湿面筋没有检出,沉降值显著下降。这些变异系是培育弱筋小麦品种和评价Glu-D1位点功能的珍贵材料。     

小麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量及其加工品质的关系

应用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法,对12个小麦品种籽粒的清蛋白＋球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白,高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)、低分子量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)进行了分离量化,并根据谷蛋白含量、贮藏蛋白含量及面团稳定时间3个指标对其聚类分析。结果表明,不同小麦品种蛋白质各组分含量存在差异,其中贮藏蛋白的含量是决定蛋白质总含量的主要因素。HMW-GS含量、LMW-GS含量、谷蛋白总含量均与面团形成时间、稳定时间及沉降值呈极显著正相关;HMW-GS含量与LMW-GS含量的比值(HMW/LMW)与面团形成时间和稳定时间呈极显著正相关;醇溶蛋白含量与谷蛋白含量的比值(Gli/Glu)与面团稳定时间呈显著负相关,醇溶蛋白含量与HMW-GS含量的比值(Gli/HMW-GS)与面团形成时间和稳定时间均呈极显著负相关。籽粒中具有较高的贮藏蛋白含量、HMW-GS含量、LMW-GS含量和HMW/LMW及较低的Gli/Glu有利于提高强筋小麦的加工品质。     

小麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量及其加工品质的关系

应用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法,对12个小麦品种籽粒的清蛋白＋球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白,高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)、低分子量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)进行了分离量化,并根据谷蛋白含量、贮藏蛋白含量及面团稳定时间3个指标对其聚类分析。结果表明,不同小麦品种蛋白质各组分含量存在差异,其中贮藏蛋白的含量是决定蛋白质总含量的主要因素。HMW-GS含量、LMW-GS含量、谷蛋白总含量均与面团形成时间、稳定时间及沉降值呈极显著正相关;HMW-GS含量与LMW-GS含量的比值(HMW/LMW)与面团形成时间和稳定时间呈极显著正相关;醇溶蛋白含量与谷蛋白含量的比值(Gli/Glu)与面团稳定时间呈显著负相关,醇溶蛋白含量与HMW-GS含量的比值(Gli/HMW-GS)与面团形成时间和稳定时间均呈极显著负相关。籽粒中具有较高的贮藏蛋白含量、HMW-GS含量、LMW-GS含量和HMW/LMW及较低的Gli/Glu有利于提高强筋小麦的加工品质。     

Genetic diversity of European spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L. em. Thell.) revealed by glutenin subunit variations at the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci

Summary High and low molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS and LMW-GS) compositions of 270 European spelts, 15 Iranian spelts and 25 bread wheat cultivars were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The results revealed a total of 22 HMW-GS alleles (4 at Glu-A1, 11 at Glu-B1 and 7 at Glu-D1) and 32 allele combinations among the three Glu-1 loci. Two major genotypes of HMW-GS: 1, 13+16, 2+12 and 1, 6.1+22.1, 2+12 were found to occur in Central European spelt wheat cultivars and landraces at higher frequencies of 35 and 28%, respectively. The Glu-B1 locus displayed the greatest variation and genetic diversity index (H) was 0.69 whereas Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 showed H index values of 0.26 and 0.19, respectively. The dendrogram constructed by HMW and LMW glutenin subunit bands revealed that European spelts form a separated cluster from common wheat suggesting that spelt and common wheat form distinct groups. In addition, all 15 Iranian spelt land variety accessions differed from European spelts and possessed similar HMW-GS alleles to common wheat. Because of a wider polymorphism Central European spelt wheats are an important genetic reserviour for improving common wheat quality. Both authors contributed equally to this work     

3个新疆地方小麦品种Glu-A3位点低分子量谷蛋白亚基新基因的序列分析

麦谷蛋白可分为高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS),其中低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基对小麦品质具有重要影响.本文采用PCR方法从中国小麦微核心种质中的3个新疆小麦品种红春麦(新疆玛纳斯)、红春麦(新疆昌吉)和红金包银(新疆伊吾)中分别得到了3个低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-CS)新基因(GenBank:DQ519084、DQ519085和DQ517534).它们具有LMW-i型基因的典型结构特征,与已报道的Glu-A3位点编码的LMW-GS基因序列有很高的一致性,高达79.06%～94.24%.DQ519084和DQ517534在C末端保守区有9个半胱氨酸残基,DQ519085其编码区内存在1个提前终止密码子,推测其为假基因.     

低分子量谷蛋白亚基GlU-A3和GlU-B3位点对小麦面筋强度和烘焙特性影响

低分子量谷蛋白亚基是小麦谷蛋白亚基的重要组成部分,黄淮麦区小麦低分子量谷蛋白亚基组成对品质的效应尚缺乏系统的研究。本研究采用SDS-PAGE方法,鉴定了黄淮麦区42个小麦品种的Glu-A3位点和Glu-B3位点低分子量谷蛋白亚基组成,分析了低分子量谷蛋白亚基对小麦面筋强度和烘烤品质的影响。结果表明,在Glu-A3位点,对面筋强度和面包烘焙品质正向效应为:d,b>a,e;在Glu-B3位点,对面筋强度正效应为:h,d>f>g,b,j,对面包烘焙品质正向效应为:h>f,d>g,b,j。Glu-A3d/Glu-B3h亚基组合具有较好的面筋强度和烘焙品质。就低分子量谷蛋白亚基单个变异位点对品质综合效应而言,Glu-B3位点对品质作用比较大,与Glu-B1位点相近,同时,高低分子量谷蛋白亚基之间存在着互作效应,以Glu-B1/Glu-A3和Glu-D1/Glu-B3位点的互作效应比较显著。Glu-A3和Glu-B3位点及其所编码的不同亚基种类对品质的效应差异显著,并且与高分子量谷蛋白亚基位点存在互作,对不同位点优质亚基的聚合将有助于小麦品质的遗传改良。     

Allelic variation at the storage protein loci of 55 US-grown white wheats

Fifty soft white and hard white wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), and five club wheat cultivars (T. compactum L.) were partially characterized in terms of their storage protein compositions, i.e. gliadins, and high molecular weight and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS and LMW-GS, respectively). At the Glu-1 loci, HMW-GS composition 1,7 + 9,2+ 12 was found to be predominant, being expressed in 11 cultivars out of 55. The most common alleles at the loci coding for gliadins and LMW-GS were found to be Gli-A1/Glu-A3a (43.6%), Gli-B1/Glu-B3b (36.4%), Gli-D1a/Glu-D3a (38.1%) and Gli-Dli/Glu-D3a (21.8%). Two-dimensional fractionation (acid-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) × sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)) of reduced and alkylated glutenins revealed that the number and the relative mobility of LMW-GS polypeptides were different from those reported for the corresponding Glu-3 alleles of hard-bread wheat cultivars. This result could account for the different technological properties of soft white wheats compared with hard-bread wheat cultivars, owing to the major impact of LMW-GS on dough quality.     

Allelic variation in high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit Loci of Glu-1 in Japanese common wheats

Seed storage proteins of 131 Japanese Norin wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine allelic make-up in varieties at each of three loci that control high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits. Three alleles were identified at the Glu-A1 locus, six at the Glu-B1 locus and five at the Glu-D1 locus. Twenty-four different, major glutenin HMW subunits were identified and each contained three to five subunits and seventeen different glutenin subunit patterns were observed for 19 subunits in the 131 Japanese Norin varieties. Fourteen alleles were identified by comparison of subunit mobility with that previously found in hexaploid wheat. Japanese Norin varieties showed a specific pattern of allelic variation in glutenin HMW subunits, different from that of Chinese and other country common wheats in allelic frequency at Glu-1 loci. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小麦品种“陕253”低分子量谷蛋白亚基基因的克隆及原核表达

利用LMW-GS特异引物,从强筋小麦品种陕253中克隆了1个1 498 bp的片段(GenBank登录号为FJ172533),该片段包含全长为912 bp的低分子量谷蛋白亚基的完整编码序列.经比较推导氨基酸序列的同源性,发现该基因属于Glu-D3位点编码低分子量谷蛋白亚基的基因,编码产物N-端具有LMW-m型低分子量谷蛋白亚基的典型特征,系统演化分析也支持这一结果.构建了该基因的表达载体pET32a-GluD3-S253,在宿主菌E. coll Rosetta-gami B(DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白.SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测表达产物,证实融合蛋白表达成功.     

旱麦草属物种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的检测与鉴定

利用SDS-PAGE方法对旱麦草属4个种10份材料的高分子量谷蛋白进行了检测和鉴定.结果显示,旱麦草物种具有的高分子量谷蛋白亚基与普通小麦中发现的不一样,其迁移率存在较大差异,多数为1条高分子量谷蛋白亚基,迁移率比Ax1基迁移率小;有的材料中没有检测到高分子量谷蛋白,在10份材料中检测到6种亚基变异.     

The high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits and ω-gliadin composition of bread and durum wheats commonly grown in Portugal

A collection of 63 bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and 21 durum wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) commonly grown in Portugal since 1982 were characterized for the composition of wheat storage proteins (WSP), high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) and ω-gliadins. The composition of HMW-GS, LMW-GS and &-gliadins, encoded at loci Glu-1, Glu-3 and Gli-1, respectively, was revealed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. WSP allelic compositions of bread and durum wheat patterns were given. In the bread wheats, a total of 24, 24 and 18 patterns were observed for HMW-GS, LMW-GS and ω-gliadins, respectively. Forty-two different alleles were identified for the nine loci studied, Glu-A1 (3), Glu-B1 (7), Glu-D1 (4), Glu-A3 (5), Glu-B1 (7), Glu-D3 (2), Gli-A1 (2), Gli-B1 (8) and Gli-D1 (4). In the case of durum wheats, 19 alleles were identified: one allele at Glu-A1, two at Glu-B3, Glu-B2 and Gli-A1, three at Glu-B1, four at Glu-A3 and five at Gli-B1. For HMW-GS, LMW-GS and ω-gliadins, three, six and six different patterns were revealed, respectively. This study represents the first attempt to discriminate the bread and durum wheat varieties commonly grown in Portugal by the allelic variation of storage proteins. The database is useful for varietal identification and for plant breeders who seek to devise effective programmes aimed at improving wheat quality.     

Changes in expression of HMW glutenins of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) induced by nitrosoethylurea

The application of a chemical mutagen, N-nitroso-N-ethylurea, to the grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. ‘Viginta’, provided a mutant line,‘NT-10′, with an altered composition of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits. The qualitative mutation was detected in the Glu-B1 locus by electrophoretic analyses of glutenins. Instead of the HMW glutenin subunits 7 + 9 present in the original genotype, a separate HMW subunit 6 was expressed in the mutant line. The other glutenin and gliadin proteins of the mutant line remained unchanged. The mutant line is also characterized by several changes in morphological and physiological characters—stronger stem, wider leaf, bigger spike and higher grain hardness. This is the first communication of the possibility of changing the composition of high molecular weight subunits of wheat glutenin by means of mutagenesis.