云南德宏民营橡胶发展存在的问题及建议

云南德宏州民营橡胶起步于1962年。云南省委、省政府把橡胶划入优势农产品和行业整合对象，加快橡胶产业发展的步伐，并把德宏州列为全省重点发展区域，极大地促进了德宏州民营橡胶产业的发展，截止2007年德宏州民营橡胶种植面积8.40万亩（超过农垦现有种植面积），开割面积3.6万亩，年产干胶0.32万吨，有制胶厂16个，产值5760万元。     

云南民营橡胶的发展及对其的认识和建议

回顾云南民营橡胶业从1964年始创至今30余年的发展历程;简述了发展过程中存在的宜林地选择和技术力量薄弱、未能形成民营橡胶业技术支撑体系等重大问题,并提出发展建议。     

民营橡胶发展提升探析

民营橡胶是我国天然橡胶产业的重要力量和区域特色产业的重要组成部分。本文探讨分析目前民营橡胶生产发展中存在的科学植胶意识不强，胶园生产能力偏低，技术力量薄弱，橡胶树病虫害防控能力不强，民营橡胶产品质量有待提高等问题。提出通过树立科学的植胶观念，增强科学植胶意识，加强橡胶树先进适用技术的集成配套及推广应用，采取多种形式增强民营橡胶技术力量，增强民营橡胶自身病虫害防控能力，提高民营橡胶产品质量水平等途径，提升民营橡胶整体发展质量水平和市场竞争能力。     

云南德宏、临沧天然橡胶产业现状与发展意见

通过对云南德宏、临沧地区天然橡胶产业的深入调研,分析了民营橡胶快速发展和国营农场体制改革、“属地”管理后天然橡胶产业发展中管理和技术层面存在的问题,提出了加快建立农民橡胶专业生产合作社和建立、完善区域天然橡胶产业技术支撑体系的发展意见。     

再谈云南的民营橡胶

至１９９７年民营橡胶已占全省橡胶面积的５３．０５％，产胶占全省干胶总产量的２９．４９％，民营胶园分布在我省南部８个地州（市）２５个县（市），１６个民族３０多万劳动力从事此项工作，成为热区群众脱贫致富的一项重要产业，但其效益尚待提高。     

浅谈西双版纳州民营橡胶割胶技术培训的实践与体会

通过多年从事民营橡胶割胶技术培训的实践与感受，阐述了西双版纳州民营橡胶业在割胶技术方面仍然存在基本技能差、知识匮乏、缺乏系统培训、割胶技术标准贯彻和执行差等重要问题，制约着生产力的提高；提出通过提高培训质量、改进培训方法、增加培训经费、加大技术示范和推广力度等手段，整体推进民营橡胶割胶技术的建议。     

海南民营橡胶单产超农垦原因浅析

从海南橡胶发展趋势分析出发，比较农垦与地方的橡胶单位面积产量，发现地方的橡胶单产于2004年超过农垦。从民营橡胶生产管理技术角度分析，认为海南民营橡胶单产超农垦并不是民营橡胶生产技术进步的结果，而是大量农垦橡胶流失地方所致，并初步估计流失量占海南农垦总产量9.8%左右。     

试用概率模型估计海南胶农采用农化服务技术的初步研究

通过对海南民营橡胶生产的实地调查,并应用Probit回归模型,分析海南胶农采用农化服务技术的影响因素,认为胶农所受教育年限、橡胶年公顷产量、施肥技术获取途径等因素都显著影响农化服务技术在民营胶园的应用;同时提出了橡胶树农化服务技术应用建议,以期为改进胶农施肥技术,促进海南橡胶树农化服务技术体系的建设提供依据。     

云南天然橡胶基地建设问题

阐述了四十多年来云南橡胶基地建设取得的成绩，重点论述了当前基地建设面临的新问题，提出了主要发展的对策，措施。     

抓好高产示范园建设 促进橡胶可持续发展

对广东省南华农场抓好橡胶开割树高产示范园建设的经验进行总结，从突出开展施肥工作，夯实橡胶发展基础、强化高产管理措施、提高橡胶发展水平、抓好割胶技术革新、增强橡胶发展后劲等方面，提出了建设好橡胶高产示范园，促进橡胶可持续发展的建议。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.