特异稻种资源在杂交水稻育种中的利用

介绍了宜宾市农业科学院利用有色稻、两系不育系材料、糯稻、异常生殖器官水稻、生态远缘材料、特异中间材料、抗稻瘟病材料和矮秆材料等特异水稻种质资源选育杂交水稻亲本的成功经验,认为今后应加强籼粳中间型材料、特异原始材料的利用,并重视不同类型优良亲本间的杂交利用。     

陆地棉144份种质材料的耐高温性与遗传多样性聚类分析

在新疆生产建设兵团第一师十六团试验田,选择国内陆地棉144份种质材料进行试验。调查了株高、株型、果枝数、叶色、花形、花萼形状、柱头高低、花药多少、花药饱瘪、铃形、铃大小、铃尖突起、倒三台果枝干蕾铃数、倒三台果枝脱落率、花粉活力等15个性状。结果表明,在材料耐高温性上,高耐高温材料为19份,中耐高温材料为75份,敏温材料为50份;在农艺性状最长距离法聚类分析上,144份种质材料被分为两个大类,有7份材料为第一大类,其余137份被分为第二大类;在SSR标记的聚类分析上,在遗传相似系数为4.9时,所有种质材料分为2大类,第一大类13个材料,包括耐高温材料3份,中耐高温材料及敏温材料各5份,第二大类共131份材料。这种聚类结果对材料耐高温性改良亲本基因型的选择具有较好的借鉴作用。     

橡胶树芽接桩不同质种植材料生长试验初报

对橡胶树芽接桩7类不同质种植材料,即芽接桩砧木大小、紫芽(幼态)、绿芽(老态)、砧木刺检胶乳多少、生产常规种植材料,进行对比栽培试验研究,得到了大砧木比小砧木,紫芽比绿芽,砧木刺检胶乳多的材料比砧木刺检胶乳少的材料、常规种植材料比刺检胶乳少的材料生长速度快的结果,尤其紫芽种植材料生长表现较佳,由此提出合理选用无性系种植材料的建议。     

滇型籼粳杂交水稻育种实践与策略

水稻籼、粳亚种杂交,杂种优势强。为了选育出竞争优势很强的籼粳杂交稻,首先应用籼、粳亚种的品种或材料进行杂交,以选育出籼粳交的保持系、恢复系或材料;其次用籼粳交的保持系或材料转育成不育系或材料;第三用籼、粳稻不育系或材料与籼粳交的恢复系或材料测交;第四用籼粳交的不育系或材料与籼、粳稻品种或材料测交;第五用籼粳交的不育系或材料与籼粳交的恢复系或材料进行广泛测交,再从中选出竞争优势强的籼粳杂交组合;第六,经过试种、鉴定,选出竞争优势极强的籼粳杂交稻。     

甜菜种质资源耐盐性的初步筛选

以收集到的146份甜菜种质材料为研究对象,在280mmol/L NaC1胁迫条件下,通过20d室内的营养液培养试验,根据各材料干物质积累量的差异,初步筛选出耐盐性强弱的材料,再以初选出的材料为研究对象进行复选,进一步确定初选出材料的耐盐性.结果表明:经过初选试验得到15份耐盐性强的种质材料和5份耐盐性弱的材料,共20份.在对这20份材料的复选后得到6份耐盐性强的材料,分别是266号、265号、08-5号、07-6号、24号和2N-1号:3份耐盐性弱的材料,分别是82号、25号和268号.同时对市面上出售的48个甜菜品种也进行了初选,筛选出2份耐盐性强的材料ST13092和TD13829,2份耐盐性弱的材料巴士森和HI0474.     

大豆种质资源对大豆疫霉病菌抗病性测定

采用下胚轴伤口接种方法,用混合菌种测定80份大豆种质资源对大豆疫霉病菌的抗病性;同时测定69份大豆种质对大豆疫霉病菌7个生理小种的抗性谱。在重复测定中表现抗病的材料有6份,占供试材料的7.5%;表现中抗的材料12份,占供试材料的15%;感病材料为62份,占供试材料的77.5%。对大豆疫霉病菌7个生理小种(1、3、9、11、17、21、24)全抗的材料有12份,占供试材料的17.4%;对七个生理小种(1、3、9、11、17、21、24)表现中等抗性的有4份,占供试材料的5.8%;1份材料对1号、9号、11号、24号表现中等抗性,占供试材料的1.5%;无论在混合菌种和分生理小种测定中,在相同的材料上抗性反应是一致的。     

大豆抗花叶病毒材料初步筛选及评价

采用田间自然发病鉴定方法对来自南方8个省的340份大豆地方品种及育成品种(系)进行了大豆花叶病毒病(SMV)抗性初步鉴定筛选。结果表明:在340份大豆资源中,免疫材料21份,抗病材料159份,中间型材料100份,感病材料44份,高感材料16份,分别占供试材料的6.18%、46.76%、29.41%、12.94%和4.71%。免疫型材料主要来自湖南、江西和广东。选出小区产量高且对SMV免疫的育成品种(系)1份:粤夏124,地方品种4份:ZDD06803、ZDD14319、ZDD06529、ZDD14389,这些材料可以作为广西SMV抗性育种的备选材料。     

冀东野生大豆对大豆花叶病毒的抗性鉴定及抗病反应

对冀东地区收集的162份野生大豆(Glycine soja)材料进行大豆花叶病毒(SMV)抗性鉴定并对筛选到的抗、感材料植株体内的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性及病程相关基因GmPR-1和GmPR-10的表达进行测定。结果表明:抗病野生大豆材料7份(4.3%),中抗材料6份(3.7%),中感材料62份(38.3%),感病材料87份(53.7%);抗病材料POD和CAT活性比对照显著增加,而感病材料显著降低,抗病材料的GmPR-1和GmPR-10基因表达量比对照显著增加,感病材料与对照无显著差异,初步表明POD、CAT及病程相关基因GmPR-1和GmPR-10可能与大豆抗病性有关。     

一批引进法国小麦种质材料的抗病性、农艺性状及HMW-GS组成分析

为了挖掘和拓展新的种质资源,时引进的89个法国小麦种质材料的农艺性状、抗病性和HMW-GS组成进行了研究.结果表明,在这些种质材料中,株高≤80 cm的有67份,占材料总数的75.3%;小穗数＞12个的有58份,占材料总数的65.2%;穗粒数≥34粒的有23份,占材料总数的25.8%;千粒重＞42 g的有68份,占材料总数的76.5%.对白粉病表现免疫、高抗和中抗的分别有8份、9份、23份,占材料总数的9.0%、10.1%、25.8%.对条锈病表现免疫(或近免疫)、高抗和中抗的分别为34份、8份、24份,占材料总数的38.2%、9.0%、27.0%.HMW-GS组成分析表明,该批材料HMW-GS类型和组成较为丰富,优质亚基如2*、17 18、5 10出现的频率较高.最后筛选出综合农艺性状较好、抗病性强的材料8份和HMW-GS组成优异的材料7份,这些材料可作为中国小麦品质改良和抗病育种的优异种质加以利用.     

196份吉林省水稻材料的稻瘟病抗性基因分子标记检测

利用分子标记技术,对196份吉林省水稻材料进行稻瘟病抗性基因Pi-9、Pi-km、Pi-ta、Pi-b、Pi-1和Pi-2等6个基因的检测。其中含Pi-9基因材料79份,含Pi-km基因材料100份,含Pi-ta基因材料100份,含Pi-b基因材料127份,含Pi-1基因材料143份,含Pi-2基因材料163份。同时含6个抗性基因材料有8份,分别是吉粳66号、吉粳105、吉粳111、吉2011TK69、吉2011TK50、吉2011F5、吉2011F7和吉01011;含5个抗性基因材料有48份,含4个抗性基因材料64份,含3个抗性基因材料41份,含2个抗性基因材料16份,含1个抗性基因材料13份,不含抗性基因材料6份。     

Examining the effects of balloon control ring on ring spinning

The ring spinning process has been used to produce fine and high quality staple fibre yarns. The stability of the rotating yarn loop (i.e. balloon) between the yarn-guide and the traveller-ring is crucial to the success and economics of this process. Balloon control rings are used to contain the yarn-loop, by reducing the yarn tension and decreasing the balloon flutter instability. Flutter instability here refers to the uncontrolled changes in a ballooning yarn under dynamic forces, including the air drag. Due to the significant variation in the length and radius of the balloon during the bobbin filling process, the optimal location for the balloon control ring is not easily determined. In order to address this difficulty, this study investigates the variation in the radius of a free balloon and examines the effect of balloon control rings of various diameters at different locations on yarn tension and balloon flutter stability. The results indicate that the maximum radius of a free balloon and its corresponding position depend not only on the yarn-length to balloon-height ratio, but also on yarn type and count. A control ring of suitable radius and position can significantly reduce yarn tension and decrease flutter instability of free single-loop balloons. While the balloon control rings are usually fixed to, and move in sinc with, the ring frame, results reported in this study suggest that theoretically, a balloon control ring that always remains approximately half way between the yarn-guide and the ring rail during spinning can lead to significant reduction in yarn tension.     

Scaling up the production rate of nanofibers by needleless electrospinning from multiple ring

Mass production of nanofibers is crucial in both laboratory research and industry application of nanofibers. In this study, multiple ring spinnerets have been used to generate needleless electrospinning. Multiple polymer jets were produced from the top of each ring in the spinning process, resulting in thin and uniform nanofibers. Production rate of nanofibers increased gradually with the increase of the number of rings in the spinneret. Spinning performance of multiple ring electrospinning, namely the quality and production rate of the as-spun nanofibers, was dependent on experimental parameters like applied voltage and polymer concentration. Electric field analysis of multiple ring showed that high concentrated electric field was formed on the surface of each ring. Fiber diameter together with production rate of needleless electrospinning was dependent on the strength and distribution of the electric field of the spinneret. Needleless electrospinning from multiple ring can be further applied in both laboratory research and industry where large amount of nanofibers must be employed simultaneously.     

Effect of oxidized alginate on its electrospinnability

The electrospinnability of alginate was improved by opening of uronate ring. The uronate rings were oxidized and opened by sodium periodate. The effects of the oxidant and the solution concentrations on the spinnability and the characteristics were studied. As the alginate was more oxidized, the solution viscosity was decreased and the finer and more uniform fibers were obtained. As a result of the ring opening and the degradation by oxidation, the crystallinity and the thermal stability of the electrospun oxidized alginate web were decreased.     

Symptoms caused by potato virus S (PVS) and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) on detached leaves ofSolanum demissum Y

Summary Detached leaves ofSolanum demissum Y produced clear dark green and light brown necrotic ring spots 5–6 days after mechanical inoculation with PVS and dark brown necrotic rings and line patterns 6–7 days after inoculation with TRV. It appears to be a useful test plant for the detection of both viruses.     

中国芦荟叶的形态解剖学研究

对芦荟成熟叶的形态及不同部位的解剖学研究结果表明,中国芦荟叶具有旱生植物的形态结构特征。表皮外具有厚的角质层。气孔下陷,具较大的孔下室。叶肉分为2部分,由同化薄壁组织和诸水薄壁组织组成。同化薄壁组织中栅栏组织和海绵组织分化不同明显,储水组织占叶面积的1/2以上。维管束呈环状分布,叶基部2轮,叶中、上部1轮。第1轮维管束位于同化薄壁组织和储水组织之间,其中韧皮薄壁组织细胞发达。     

儿茶素与咖啡碱络合物的晶体学研究

通过高效液相色谱分析发现儿茶素和咖啡碱占绿茶乳酪总质量的88％以上.以乳酪中含量最高的两种酯型儿茶素和对应的非酯型儿茶素与咖啡碱络合建立绿茶乳酪简化体系CATs-CAF,发现4种儿茶素在沉淀中的分布比例为EC:ECG:EGC:EGCG≈1:2:1:2.选用ECG和EC分别与咖啡碱络合制备单晶,扫描电镜观察络合前后晶体的...     

Color and whiteness properties of fabrics knitted from different hybrid core-spun yarns containing metal wire

In this study, the color and whiteness properties of fabrics knitted from ring, siro and compact core-spun yarns containing metal wire were investigated. In general, an increase in the metal ratio of yarns causes a decrease in the whiteness and color strengths of fabrics. In our study, spinning method had no statistically significant effect on either the T _w or K/S values of fabrics while the effect of spinning method on the whiteness index of fabrics was briefly observed. Fabrics knitted from siro spun yarns showed higher whiteness properties than those of fabrics knitted from compact and ring spun yarns. This might be explained by the superior covering effectiveness of the siro spinning method on metal wire.     

Long-Term survival ofCorynebacterium sepedonicum on contaminated surfaces and in infected potato stems

The survival of the ring rot bacterium,Corynebacterium sepedonicum, on contaminated surfaces and in infected stems was investigated by root inoculating potato stem cuttings with aqueous suspensions prepared from these materials. The pathogen survived for 24 mo on contaminated surfaces of burlap, kraft paper, and polyethylene plastic held at 12% relative humidity (RH) at either 5 or 20°C. It persisted for less than 14 mo on surfaces held at 94% RH at either temperature. Infectious ring rot bacteria were also recovered from dried, infected potato stems held for 26 mo in an unheated machine shed. These results emphasize the importance of strict sanitation and disinfestation procedures in maintaining potato seed stocks free of bacterial ring rot.     

Efficacy of disinfestants against potato ring rot and blackleg bacteria

Some disinfestants are claimed to be more effective than others in controlling ring rot (Corynebacterium sepedonicum) and blackleg (Erwinia carotovora varatroseptica) bacteria on contaminated surfaces. Of the readily available disinfestants tested mercuric chloride (0.1%) and formaldehyde (2% and 5%) were the most effective against blackleg bacteria, and bleach (10%) mercuric chloride (0.1%) and formaldehyde (5%) were the most effective against ring rot bacteria on metal, wooden and burlap surfaces.     

对国际马铃薯中心(CIP)引进资源的评价

为筛选出优质并适宜于天水及周边地区种植的马铃薯新品种,2009年由国际马铃薯中心引进的56份茎尖脱毒苗,2010年经扩繁生产原原种微型薯,在海拔为1 680 m生态区域进行田间观察鉴定,筛选出综合性状表现较好的9份材料,2011年在天水市中梁乡同一海拔区域,以‘天薯10号’为对照,采用随机区组设计,对其抗病性能(晚疫病、病毒病、环腐病)、淀粉含量及产量进行比较。结果表明:C-31和C-71产量与对照天薯10号差异不显著;C-71淀粉含量在参试材料中最高,含量达19.28%,比对照天薯10号(17.47%)高1.81%。可见,C-71综合性状最优。