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在我省甘蔗糖业出现转机的大好形势下,为了促进我省甘蔗种植业稳步发展,并早日进入无公害生产阶段,我们除了继续开展糖蔗常规育种外,建议深入探讨糖蔗转基因抗病虫育种研究、中微量元素营养施肥研究、高长效营养施肥研究以及药肥研制和应用研究。甘蔗作为一种多用途的高产作物,为了适应市场多种经济发展的需要,我们正在利用已有的资源、设备和技术力量开展高产优质、适应性广的果蔗新品种选育,建议再完善果蔗的栽培技术研究,特别是营养施肥和果蔗周年供应栽培技术研究。建立继续开展牧草蔗新品种选育,特别是抗寒或耐旱、瘠、盐的牧草蔗品种选育,同时完善牧草蔗营养施肥及经济割青次数研究。 相似文献
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把我省现有的糖蔗、果蔗和牧草蔗,正在研究中的能源蔗以及断断续续摸索中的菜蔗等归纳为一个植株特性各异、生理功能有别以及利用方式多样的甘蔗业。文中分别就这几类甘蔗提出深入研究和扩大开发利用范围的设想,糖蔗要充分合理利用其各种副产资源,根据植蔗新情况研究调整品种结构和栽培技术,可以考虑增加生产蔗汁饮料特别是浓缩蔗汁项目;果蔗应配合政府部门进行产区合理布局,农业上应对优良品种和栽培技术进行全方位研究,应从调整植期、保鲜蔗茎以及生产蔗汁饮料和混配复合饮料等方向研究果蔗周年供应技术;牧草蔗还要加强品种选育,研究茎叶的合理采收方法,研究指导饲养户如何合理利用牧草蔗以及对种植牧草蔗饲养各种动物的经济效益进行合理分析等,在利用过程中还可以尝试采收茎叶后先剥取蔗笋当作蔬菜食用,余物再做饲料;能源甘蔗要做好品种储备,伺机发展,开发中要重视对蔗渣以及发酵残渣的进一步利用;菜蔗要尽快投入生产利润分析、品种选育、栽培管理技术以及蔗笋烹调技术等研究。总的目标是根据我省各地生活需求和经济建设需要,把甘蔗业扶持壮大,更好地为我省多行业经济建设做贡献。 相似文献
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佳木斯地区属寒地稻作区,在水稻品种的选育和生产技术应用方面存在一定的难度。为选用适宜的品种,生产优质稻米,在水稻品种的熟期、优质、丰产性、抗病性、种子级别等方面进行了调查研究,并提出了适合寒地稻作区的技术措施。 相似文献
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落粒性是牧草种子生产中的关键制约因素,通常造成无芒雀麦(Bromue inermis)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、草地早熟禾(Poa pretensis)、路氏臂形草(Brachiaria ruziziensis)等优良牧草种子严重减产。本文重点阐述了种子生产中影响落粒性的因素,种子落粒性对种子生产的影响,相关减少种子落粒性的研究进展及措施,为今后在生产中降低牧草种子落粒性提供参考。 相似文献
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对海南省热带牧草种子生产的分布地区,种植面积及总产量,主要栽培品种的产量与质量,栽培管理技术等进行了总结,并提出了热带牧草种子生产存在的问题及建议。 相似文献
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谈谈种子管理与种子检验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一、种子管理所谓种子:即用于农业、林业生产的籽粒、果实、根、茎、苗、芽等。农作物种子包括粮、棉、油、麻、桑、荼、糖、莱、烟、果、药、花卉、牧草、绿肥等。种子类别可分为育种家种子、原种、良种。所谓有种家种子:指育种家育成的遗传性状稳定的品种或亲本的最初一批种子。所谓良种:指用常规种原种繁殖的第一代至第三代和杂交种达到良种质量标准的种子.所谓种子管理,通常是指政府部门对种子的选育、推广以及投放市场等程序进行监餐、管理。即:通过以法治种来维护选育者、生产者、经营者、使用者的合法权益,其主要内容如图1。… 相似文献
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佳木斯地区属寒地稻作区,在水稻品种的选育和生产技术应用方面存在一定的难度。为选用适宜的品种,生产优质稻米,在水稻品种的熟期、优质、丰产性、抗病性、种子级别等方面进行了调查研究,并提出了适合寒地稻作区的技术措施。 相似文献
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[目的]明确影响中熟玉米品种产量的主要因素,为辽宁省中熟玉米品种选育和生产提供参考。[方法]根据2019年参加辽宁省中熟玉米区域试验种植的9个玉米新品种相关的农艺性状数据,利用多元线性回归法对玉米新品种的主要性状进行相关性分析,揭示其变化规律,为玉米农艺性状的选择提供参考。[结果]辽宁省中熟玉米品种与产量密切相关的农艺性状是百粒重、行粒数、出籽率、空秆率和穗长等;百粒重和行粒数是辽宁省中熟玉米杂交种选育的主要影响因素。[结论]在选育中熟玉米品种时,要在保证适当百粒重和果穗长度的前提下,注重选育出籽率高、空秆率低的品种。在高产玉米品种选育中应增强抗倒性、降低空秆率、提高出籽率,适当增加百粒重和穗粗,降低穗位高。 相似文献
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基于2010-2019年河南省年种植面积0.67×104hm2以上玉米品种的种植面积及育种单位信息,分析河南省玉米品种利用及育种单位推广情况,为河南省玉米生产选种及种业发展提供参考。结果表明,2010-2019年河南省年种植面积0.67×104hm2以上的品种200个,累计种植年数4年以上的品种73个,累计种植面积33.33×104hm2以上的品种19个,其中,16个已过种植高峰期,生产上面临品种更新换代压力。种子企业和科研院所是品种选育的主要力量,随着年份更替,种子企业选育品种数量及种植面积占比不断攀升,远超科研院所。外省选育品种种植面积占比呈上升趋势,外资进入对河南省玉米种业造成一定冲击,河南省迫切需要进一步加强培育本省种业品牌。近几年,河南省先后建设了国家生物育种产业创新中心及神农种业实验室,积极推进现代种业强省建设,努力为我国打好种业翻身仗做出贡献。 相似文献
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目前,四川玉米育种和种子生产遇到一些比较突出的问题,主要表现为适应南方生态和生产条件的突破性杂交种少,玉米育种缺乏管理、研究秩序混乱,种子生产经营管理不力、市场混乱,重品种、轻投入、忽视因种栽培,部分区试点条件和人员素质差,新品种知识产权难保护.要解决这些问题,只有通过建立健全相关法律法规和机构,做到政企分开,加强对育种和生产经营的管理,加快国有育种科研和种业体制改革,组建大型种子企业集团,彻底实现育、繁、销一体化。 相似文献
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美香占2号具有优异的食味品质,是目前唯一连续三届获得全国优质稻品种食味品质鉴评金奖的籼稻品种。先后通过了广东省和云南省品种审定,及江西、广西、海南、湖南、陕西和四川省引种许可。调查数据显示,农户种植美香占2号的经济效益普遍高于其他杂交稻和常规稻品种。为加快美香占2号的推广应用,育种单位联合种子企业和米业企业,构建了从水稻种子生产到稻米加工全产业链协同推广网络,形成了品种推广与品牌创建有机结合的产业化推广新模式,推动了美香占2号在生产上的大规模应用,截止2020年美香占2号推广面积超过140万hm2。 相似文献
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Practices and Prospects of Super Hybrid Rice Breeding 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
CHEN Li-yun XIAO Ying-hui TANG Wen-bang LEI Dong-yang 《水稻科学》2007,14(2):71-77
The great progress in super rice breeding both in China and other countries has been made in recent years. However, there were three main problems in super rice breeding: 1) the super rice varieties were still rare; 2) most super rice varieties exhibited narrow adaptability; and 3) current breeding theories emphasized too much on the rice growth model, but they were unpractical in guidance for rice breeding. According to the authors’ experience on the rice breeding, the breeding strategies including three steps (super parent breeding, super hybrid rice breeding and super hybrid rice seed production) were proposed, and the objectives of each step and the key technologies to achieve the goals were elucidated in detail. The super parent of hybrid rice should exhibit excellent performance in all agronomic traits, with the yield or sink capacity reached the level of the hybrid rice control in regional trials. The super hybrid rice combination should meet the following criteria: good rice quality, wide adaptation, lodging resistance, resistance to main insects and diseases, and the yield exceeded above 8% over the control varieties in the national and provincial regional trials. To achieve the goal, the technical strategies, such as selecting optimal combination of the parents, increasing selection pressure, paying more attention to harmony of ideal plant type, excellent physiological traits and all the agronomic traits, should be emphasized. The yield of seed production should reach 3.75 t/ha and 5.25 t/ha for the super hybrid rice combinations derived from early-season and middle-season types of male sterile lines, respectively. The main technologies for raising seed production yield included selecting optimum seed production site, using the male sterile line with large sink capacity and good outcrossing characteristics, and improving the amount of the pollen by intensive cultivation of the male parent. According to the technologies of the three-step breeding on super hybrid rice, two super rice parents, including a male parent 996 and a thermo(photo)-genic male sterile [T(P)GMS] line C815S, were bred. Furthermore, a super early hybrid rice combination, Luliangyou 996, which could be used as a double-season early rice variety in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, was bred by using the super rice variety 996 as the male parent, and several hybrid rice combinations with higher yield than control variety in regional trials both of Hunan Province and state were bred with the T(P)GMS line C815S as the female parent. 相似文献
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In Maqu County, Gansu Province, China, there are two types of grazing management. Under multi‐household (MH) management, grassland is jointly managed by two or more households without fences between pastures. Under single‐household (SH) management, fenced‐off parcels of grassland are used. SH management was imposed in the belief that it would alleviate grassland degradation. Comparable land parcels with similar stocking rates subject to MH and SH management were identified and surveyed to determine the species present and species density (m?2). MH land had greater number values than SH but the differences were not significant. A further analysis indicated that the number of households using MH land influenced species richness. There was also evidence to suggest that the quality of the forage available deteriorated under SH management. It was concluded that MH grazing resulted in greater species richness than SH and is perhaps an important contributor to biodiversity conservation and grassland management for the region. 相似文献