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1.
Simone Orsenigo Rodolfo Gentili Alfons J. P. Smolders Andrey Efremov Graziano Rossi Nicola M. G. Ardenghi Sandra Citterio Thomas Abeli 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(1):10-23
- The reintroduction of a plant species regionally extinct in the wild poses a stimulating conservation challenge. If the species is dioecious and the ex situ preserved population is only of one sex, the challenge is even more difficult. To assess whether the female population of Stratiotes aloides originally studied requires a reinforcement to increase its genetic variation, and to determine from which source male individuals should be taken to re‐establish a viable population, the genetic structure of nine different accessions of S. aloides across Europe and Asia were analysed – six native populations and the last three Italian populations, preserved ex situ.
- Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting of 190 individuals from these populations was performed using six primer combinations and chromosome counts.
- AFLP markers revealed medium to high values of genetic diversity at the population level, unexpectedly including residual ex situ accessions. Neighbour‐joining tree, PCoA and STRUCTURE analyses indicate the presence of three genetic patterns identifiable in the central‐western, central and eastern Europe–Asian populations. Chromosome counts revealed the presence of diploid (2n = 24) and tetraploid (2n = 48) populations.
- Similarity between populations belonging to different hydrographical basins, and differences between neighbouring populations could be explained through long‐distance bird‐mediated dispersal events. Genetic analysis showed that reinforcement with female individuals from other European populations to increase the genetic diversity of the Italian female population is not necessary. Surprisingly, the geographically closest male population (Bavaria) to the Po basin is not the best option for male reintroduction. Instead, male individuals should be reintroduced from the Rhine basin (Netherlands) and eastern part of the Danube basin (Romania).
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Thomas Abeli Cecilio F. Caldeira Elena Barni Consolata Siniscalco Valentina Parco Graziano Rossi 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(9):1719-1722
- Scientific publications on the conservation of threatened species can drive practical conservation solutions for endangered species. Yet, a posteriori assessment of the impact of such publications is rarely seen in the scientific literature.
- The impact of two articles published in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (AQC) on the conservation of the endangered quillwort Isoëtes malinverniana is assessed. The articles were the result of a 10‐year study on the focal species that eventually led to the first reintroduction of I. malinverniana. The first article described the development of a cost‐effective model for the selection of suitable reintroduction sites for the species. The second article provided a summary of the techniques used to reintroduce the species and included techniques of ex situ propagation, recipient site preparation, planting methods, and monitoring.
- This article reviews the practical conservation actions for I. malinverniana that followed the publication of two AQC papers and how they may affect research and conservation for other quillworts and aquatic macrophytes.
- The results were surprising and went well beyond the initial expectations of the authors. Both AQC publications stimulated the conservation of I. malinverniana from different points of view. They contributed by informing scientists and policymakers of the risk of extinction of this species, leading to the establishment of a new protected area in Piedmont (northern Italy).
- Our published data represent a sound starting point for funding opportunities in the context of the European Union LIFE programme. Further impacts include an expansion of knowledge on oligotrophic habitat management, the assessment of conservation status, and the education of the general public, with the last of these greatly enhanced by the two ex situ collections created in the botanic gardens of Tourin and Pavia. Interestingly, other authors are now using our approach in research and conservation on other endemic and endangered quillworts worldwide.
3.
- Streams with Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho‐Batrachion vegetation – or habitat type 3260 according to the European Habitats Directive – require particular conservation at biogeographic level but Member States carry individual responsibility. Within this framework, the environmental requirements of this habitat type in lower Belgium (Flanders) were analysed.
- Overall, current vegetation composition was not significantly related to adjacent land‐use but correlated mainly with physical–chemical conditions and to a lesser extent with distance to source and channel width. Even though sites with habitat 3260 generally showed lower levels of human impact, their abiotic features overlapped considerably with those of sites without habitat 3260 but still showing hydrophyte development.
- Thresholds occurred in the distribution of responsive macrophyte taxa, including the more common characteristic species of the habitat type, along gradients of increasing solutes and nutrients. Comparison with water quality standards proposed so far to support good ecological status for the European Water Framework Directive in lowland rivers suggests that compliance would probably allow this habitat to persist in most cases, although some discrepancies occur. This implies that more stringent objectives may be required in some water bodies.
- The present analysis focuses on the conditions delimiting occurrence of HT 3260, and therefore its range and area in lower Belgium. A comprehensive understanding of its favourable conservation status remains difficult in lowland regions where most rivers are subject to strong human impact and will require a more long‐term perspective that also considers management regime, physical habitat structure and connectivity.
4.
Thomas Abeli Graziano Rossi Alfons J. P. Smolders Simone Orsenigo 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2014,24(5):724-729
- The preliminary evaluation of threats and the possibility of their removal or mitigation is a key issue for a successful translocation. Here, the possibility to reintroduce Stratiotes aloides in Italy where it had become extinct about 25 years ago was investigated by studying the difference in water quality in sites where the species currently exists in Europe, where the species has recently disappeared (extinct) and in proposed translocation sites.
- Sediment pore‐water samples and surface water samples were collected in 18 localities in The Netherlands, Germany, Hungary, Italy and Romania, representing six European river basins.
- The high concentrations of surface water inorganic nitrogen (especially nitrates) were identified as the likely cause of decline of S. aloides in central‐eastern Europe and the cause of extinction of the species in Italy.
- The proposed translocation sites are more similar to current conditions of extinct sites than current sites of occurrence of S. aloides, affecting the possibility of successfully reintroducing the species at the southern edge of its European range. Increasing concentration of nitrates in other parts of the species range might further decrease the species abundance.
5.
Sui Chian Phang Michael Cooperman Abigail J. Lynch E. Ashley Steel Vittoria Elliott Karen J. Murchie Steven J. Cooke Scott Dowd Ian G. Cowx 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(7):1039-1051
- The ecosystem services provided by freshwater biodiversity are threatened by development and environmental and climate change in the Anthropocene.
- Here, case studies are described to show that a focus on the shared dependence on freshwater ecosystem functioning can mutually benefit fisheries and conservation agendas in the Anthropocene.
- Meeting the threat to fish biodiversity and fisher livelihood is pertinent in developing regions where there is often a convergence between high biodiversity, high dependency on aquatic biota and rapid economic development (see Kafue River, Logone floodplain, Tonle Sap, and Rio Negro case studies).
- These case studies serve as evidence that biodiversity conservation goals can be achieved by emphasizing a sustainable fisheries agenda with partnerships, shared knowledge and innovation in fisheries management (see Kafue River and Kenai River case studies).
- In all case studies, aquatic biodiversity conservation and fisheries agendas are better served if efforts focused on creating synergies between fishing activities with ecosystem functioning yield long‐term livelihood and food security narratives.
- A unified voice from conservation and fisheries communities has more socio‐economic and political capital to advocate for biodiversity and social interests in freshwater governance decisions.
6.
William Darwall Vanessa Bremerich Aaike De Wever Anthony I. Dell Jörg Freyhof Mark O. Gessner Hans‐Peter Grossart Ian Harrison Ken Irvine Sonja C. Jähnig Jonathan M. Jeschke Jessica J. Lee Cai Lu Aleksandra M. Lewandowska Michael T. Monaghan Jens C. Nejstgaard Harmony Patricio Astrid Schmidt‐Kloiber Simon N. Stuart Michele Thieme Klement Tockner Eren Turak Olaf Weyl 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(4):1015-1022
- Global pressures on freshwater ecosystems are high and rising. Viewed primarily as a resource for humans, current practices of water use have led to catastrophic declines in freshwater species and the degradation of freshwater ecosystems, including their genetic and functional diversity. Approximately three‐quarters of the world's inland wetlands have been lost, one‐third of the 28 000 freshwater species assessed for the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List are threatened with extinction, and freshwater vertebrate populations are undergoing declines that are more rapid than those of terrestrial and marine species. This global loss continues unchecked, despite the importance of freshwater ecosystems as a source of clean water, food, livelihoods, recreation, and inspiration.
- The causes of these declines include hydrological alterations, habitat degradation and loss, overexploitation, invasive species, pollution, and the multiple impacts of climate change. Although there are policy initiatives that aim to protect freshwater life, these are rarely implemented with sufficient conviction and enforcement. Policies that focus on the development and management of fresh waters as a resource for people almost universally neglect the biodiversity that they contain.
- Here we introduce the Alliance for Freshwater Life, a global initiative, uniting specialists in research, data synthesis, conservation, education and outreach, and policymaking. This expert network aims to provide the critical mass required for the effective representation of freshwater biodiversity at policy meetings, to develop solutions balancing the needs of development and conservation, and to better convey the important role freshwater ecosystems play in human well‐being. Through this united effort we hope to reverse this tide of loss and decline in freshwater biodiversity. We introduce several short‐ and medium‐term actions as examples for making positive change, and invite individuals, organizations, authorities, and governments to join the Alliance for Freshwater Life.
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- The distribution and species richness of aquatic molluscs were analysed within a 186‐km‐long section of a large (755‐km‐long) lowland river floodplain using GIS maps. Special attention was paid to threatened species.
- An attempt was made to identify local ‘hotspots’ of molluscan diversity and to determine the most important areas for conservation based on species richness, number of threatened species and indices of synthetic conservation (Q) and centres of population density (ICD).
- Over four years of investigation, carried out in 176 water bodies, a rich malacofauna was identified: 58 species including 20 of elevated conservation concern.
- GIS maps revealed numerous ‘hotspots’ of mollusc species richness and higher incidence of threatened species, as well as areas characterized by raised Q and ICD indices.
- Water body size and hydrological connectivity positively influenced species richness and Q values. The highest values of these variables were found in large water bodies having limited surficial connectivity with the river channel.
- Species richness, numbers of threatened species, and Q and ICD values were significantly higher in younger permanent water bodies compared with semi‐permanent or temporary ones representing advanced successional stages.
- Spatial visualization data collected in the study area indicate that the most valuable sites for the conservation of aquatic molluscs include both sides of the river in the lower part of the middle stretch of the lower Bug River valley.
9.
Aquaculture is the fastest growing form of food production across the globe. The expansion of the industry has brought about a diversity of approaches to mitigate social and ecological impacts associated with aquaculture production systems. At the same time, there is a growing interest in utilizing aquaculture for conservation purposes including species recovery, habitat restoration and offsetting the impacts of wild capture on vulnerable harvested species. The diversification of the aquaculture sector and the overlapping use of terminology to describe alternative aquaculture approaches can create challenges for policy makers, managers and industry practitioners. Clear distinction between alternative aquaculture approaches and intent may improve regulatory, permitting, monitoring and consumer awareness outcomes. Here, we examine the use of four primary aquaculture approaches in the scientific literature: ‘commercial aquaculture’, ‘conservation aquaculture’, ‘restorative aquaculture’ and ‘regenerative aquaculture’ to elucidate the similarities and differences and improve understanding of the approaches. We propose definitions for the terms based on empirical analysis of related words used in scientific texts and fitness into a particular initiative. In addition, we discuss the use of those terms within the context of benefits to ‘people and nature’, namely activities that include economic, social and environmental outcomes and the variability therein. Clear definition of terms and related activities in a burgeoning field can minimize semantic confusion while improving opportunities to craft robust policy guidelines and improve stakeholder understanding and practice of aquaculture activities. 相似文献
10.
Michael J. Jeffries 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1998,8(5):657-667
1. Macrophyte assemblages from 50 ponds throughout the Northumberland coastal plain were surveyed together with adjacent landscape, pond morphology and physical and chemical variables. 2. TWINSPAN classification and CANOCO ordinations suggested that, whilst distinct macrophyte assemblages recurred, relationships of assemblages to environmental variables were weak. Geographical variables (northing, easting and altitude) plus extent of drying out were the most important variables in the CANOCO ordination linking pond types and environmental factors. Most assemblages could be found across a wide range of conditions. Classifications using only aquatic or emergent taxa gave different results. 3. Regression analyses suggested that total species richness of aquatic taxa increased with greater area of deeper water and pH. Emergent taxa richness increased with pond area, areas of deeper water and drying down, and decreased with altitude. The level of prediction was weak. 4. Pond types, defined by their macrophytes, were dispersed throughout the region and interspersed so that adjacent ponds often supported different assemblages. No habitat or locale supported unique types or unusual variety. 5. Local, anecdotal classifications of pond types in Northumberland, e.g. ‘subsidence ponds’, proved unreliable. Classification of ponds using macrophytes suggested greater biodisparity than such simplistic categories. The two main approaches to pond assessment (spatial surveys and ecological classification) need to be combined for sound assessment of the local status of ponds. This would benefit regional selection of pond types for conservation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
Angela H. Arthington Richard G. Pearson Paul C. Godfrey Fazlul Karim Jim Wallace 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(9):1727-1733
- The paper ‘Biodiversity values of remnant freshwater floodplain lagoons in agricultural catchments: evidence for fish of the Wet Tropics bioregion, northern Australia’, published in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems in 2015, has contributed in several ways to the integration of freshwater wetland science within new catchment management policies and practices for Great Barrier Reef (GBR) sustainability.
- The Tully–Murray biodiversity study developed novel protocols to sample larval, juvenile, and adult fish life‐history stages in floodplain lagoons using a combination of boat‐based backpack electrofishing and fyke netting. In addition, hydrological and hydrodynamic models were applied in a completely new way to quantify the timing, extent, and duration of water connectivity across floodplain streams, cane drains, and wetlands. Combining the two novel approaches enabled an analysis of lagoon fish assemblage patterns in relation to environmental gradients, especially floodplain hydrology, connectivity patterns, and measures related to agricultural land use.
- In demonstrating the importance of different levels of connectivity for different biodiversity outcomes in freshwater floodplain lagoons of the Tully–Murray catchment, the subject paper established that floodplain connectivity needs to be taken into consideration in wetland management practices.
- The timing of the subject publication was fortuitous. It coincided with the preparation of the evidence‐based 2017 Scientific Consensus Statement on land‐based water quality impacts on the GBR. As one of the few freshwater wetland ecology publications for the catchments of the GBR at that time, this paper played an important role in demonstrating freshwater wetland values, fish conservation options, and management imperatives to sustain wetland ecological health and services in GBR catchments.
- By advancing the understanding of factors driving biodiversity patterns, and the importance of connectivity and ecohydrological processes in freshwater floodplain wetlands of the GBR catchment, the Tully–Murray study helped to drive new policy directives for the protection and restoration of catchment, floodplain, and estuary functions, and connectivity, now embedded in the Reef 2050 Long‐Term Sustainability Plan 2018, an overarching strategy for managing the GBR over the next 35 years, and complementary Queensland environmental legislation.
12.
Anthony D. Fox Hans E. Jrgensen Erik Jeppesen Torben L. Lauridsen Martin Sndergaard Karsten Fugl Palle Myssen Thorsten J.S. Balsby Preben Clausen 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(2):237-245
- Breeding waterbird communities have suffered globally from the effects of anthropogenic changes in water quality (especially nutrient enrichment) in recent decades, but few studies have demonstrated the positive effects of restorative actions.
- Annual breeding waterbird surveys in the period 1977–2005 at two restored southern Danish lake basins (combining nutrient load reduction and biomanipulation) showed an up to five‐fold increase in abundance, and considerable changes in species richness and diversity, following restoration to clear water status in both lakes.
- Parallel surveys at a third lake, which retained clear water quality throughout, offering a form of natural ‘control', showed no such changes over the same time period.
- Consistent relationships between breeding waterbird abundance, species richness, and diversity with measures of water clarity (Secchi disc depth, chlorophyll a, and suspended matter) suggest that water clarity mainly drives the relationship; inverse relationships between these measures and total nitrogen and phosphorus were less consistent than for water clarity.
- The results suggest that an improvement in water clarity plays a key role in restoring breeding waterbird communities and suggest that breeding waterbirds can be indicators of the success of lake restoration projects, but more studies are needed to confirm their wider utility under a variety of conditions.
13.
- Few conservation studies have examined fish communities in entire drainage basins, especially in developing regions such as Southeast Asia, one of the most diverse biomes globally. The aim of this study was to establish conservation projections for the whole of the Irrawaddy River system, based on fish diversity patterns, human impact, and environmental change.
- The Irrawaddy River is one of the five largest rivers in Southeast Asia. Although it has very high diversity of fish species and species endemism, our understanding of resident fish status remains poor.
- Based on 1,726 field survey and 1,056 database records, 470 fish species and their distribution patterns (i.e. alpha, beta, threatened species, and endemic species diversities) in sub-basins of the Irrawaddy drainage were identified. Canonical correspondence analysis of diversity and environmental patterns indicated that climatic factors had the largest effect on diversity, compatible with the species–energy theory.
- Fish conservation priorities of sub-basins were evaluated based on diversity patterns and human impact. The delta and Manipur basin regions were highlighted as areas of focus for future fish diversity conservation, and the importance of connectivity in the Irrawaddy main stem was demonstrated.
- The results of this study will be valuable for future management of the Irrawaddy basin and as a reference for other river basins when implementing protection strategies for fish diversity. This study also advocates the need for systematic investigations across entire drainage basins and further detailed studies on the ecological conditions of poorly studied river systems.
14.
- The Sabana de Bogotá highland plateau is located in the eastern Andes wetland complex of Colombia, a biogeographically important and highly degraded area where little is known about the general habitat availability and requirements for wildlife based on comparative studies.
- This study sought to identify the environmental factors that best explained the richness and composition of bird communities in the area's wetlands.
- GIS and remote images were used to measure landscape and local habitat variables along with the presence of birds in 19 varied wetlands of the Sabana.
- A high variation in wetland characteristics, related to their urban or rural status, was found. Aquatic bird richness was associated with wetland area; guilds such as waders that probe in mud, walkers on aquatic vegetation, and shoreline walkers tended to be richer in large wetlands with extensive emergent vegetation cover. Other guilds (waders that wait to stalk, flight feeders and surface swimmers) were more related to open water areas.
- It is concluded that the remaining large wetlands should have a high priority for conservation but the set of small natural and artificial wetlands are also important in the maintenance of high habitat heterogeneity, bird populations and regional diversity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
15.
- The history of conservation of the Amazon can be viewed as a war involving many battles with interests in agribusiness on one side and in biodiversity conservation and sustainability on the other side. Trends in large-scale deforestation in the 1970s spurred a series of policies, stakeholder alliances and international and grass-roots movements, which decades later led to the establishment of protected areas and interventions in soy and beef supply chains of agribusiness. Together, these advances epitomized a conservation framework for the Amazon, which at one point nearly curbed deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, although it included very few protections for freshwater ecosystems.
- While those conservation advances were taking place, however, a series of policy changes started to undermine them through expansions in deforestation, river regulation and mining activities. The election of Brazil's President Jair Bolsonaro in 2019 then hit the Amazon conservation framework much like a tsunami of policy setbacks and the re-establishment of the economic policies that sparked the Amazon war in the past.
- The current trajectory is one of large-scale degradation of Amazonian ecosystems and biodiversity with consequent impacts on local people. Because freshwater ecosystems are highly sensitive to human activities on water and on land, these growing impacts are particularly large.
- It is too early to know, but four decades of institutional and policy developments to conserve the Brazilian Amazon may soon be pushed past the point from which they will be able to recover. Four conditions will be pivotal to allowing the Amazon conservation framework to recoup: (a) the end of Bolsonaro’s mandate in 2022 or earlier; (b) remobilization of stakeholders; (c) investments in environmental research, policy and multiple collaborations; and (d) moving conservation beyond terrestrial landscapes to also encompass freshwater ecosystems and their people.
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Simone D. Langhans Sami Domisch Stefano Balbi Gonzalo Delacmara Virgilio Hermoso Mathias Kuemmerlen Romina Martin Javier Martínez‐Lpez Peter Vermeiren Ferdinando Villa Sonja C. Jhnig 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(7):1161-1173
- Freshwater ecosystems are under a constant risk of being irreversibly damaged by human pressures that threaten their biodiversity, the sustainability of ecosystem services (ESs), and human well‐being. Despite the implementation of various environmental regulations, the challenges of safeguarding freshwater assets have so far not been tackled successfully.
- A promising way forward to stop the loss of freshwater biodiversity and to sustain freshwater‐based ESs is by implementing ecosystem‐based management (EBM), an environmental planning and adaptive management approach that jointly considers social and ecological needs. Responsible for considerable recent success in sustainably managing and conserving marine ecosystems, EBM has not yet been championed for fresh waters.
- A major reason for the delayed uptake of EBM in fresh waters is likely to be its complexity, requiring planners to be familiar with the latest developments in a range of different research areas. EBM would therefore benefit from becoming more tangible to receive attention on the ground.
- To facilitate uptake, eight core research areas for EBM and their innovations are introduced, and the way in which they feed into the workflow that guides the EBM planning stage is explained.
- The workflow links biodiversity distributions with ES supply‐and‐demand modelling and SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely) target planning, including scenario‐ and cross‐realm perspectives, the prioritization of management alternatives, spatial prioritization of biodiversity conservation and ES areas, and the quantification of uncertainties. Given the extensive resources, time, and technical capacity required to implement the full workflow, a light and an ultralight version of the workflow are also provided.
- Applied in concert, the eight well‐known research areas allow for better planning and operationalizing, and eventually for implementing EBM in freshwater ecosystems. EBM has great potential to increase public acceptance by introducing the consideration of human needs and aspirations into typically biodiversity‐driven conservation and management approaches. This will ultimately improve the integrity of freshwater ecosystems.
17.
Moyang Li Carolyn J. Lundquist Conrad A. Pilditch T.A.V. Rees Joanne Ellis 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(9):1484-1502
- Nutrient overenrichment in aquatic environments, or eutrophication, is increasingly affecting seagrass habitats around the world, leading to the degradation of seagrass ecosystems and the loss of associated ecosystem services.
- The resistance of seagrass to nutrient enrichment is believed to be site specific, yet the direct correlations between environmental factors and the resistance of seagrass meadows has not yet been adequately resolved. The response of seagrass beds to long‐term multiple‐level sediment nutrient enrichment represents a current research gap.
- This study therefore assessed the in situ long‐term influence of four levels of sediment urea fertilizer addition on Zostera muelleri plants using a manipulative experimental design at three sites with diverse sediment characteristics. Specifically, this study investigated the response of porewater nutrient concentration, seagrass morphology indices, and seagrass plant tissue carbon and nitrogen contents under experimental nutrient stress levels.
- Over a 13‐month experiment, sediment nutrient addition substantially increased the ammonium concentrations in the sediment porewater, significantly decreased seagrass morphology indices, and caused a carbon and nitrogen imbalance in plant tissues. Ammonium toxicity was more pronounced in seagrass meadows growing on sandy substrates with lower relative above‐ground biomass, which showed low resistance to eutrophication at sediment ammonium concentrations of up to 1 × 104 μM. Plants growing in muddy sand substrates with higher relative above‐ground biomass were more resistant to nutrient impacts, however, with a delayed negative response observed in response to higher nutrient concentrations (up to 1 × 105 μM).
- Our findings suggest that seagrasses in low‐nutrient sandy environments show more rapid responses to eutrophication, although seagrasses in both sandy and muddy substrates exhibited declines in response to a long‐term elevation of sediment nutrient concentrations. While continuing to assess the relative susceptibility of seagrass habitats across differing environments to inform coastal management, conservation efforts should allocate resources accordingly and prioritize reducing nutrient overenrichment in sensitive seagrass meadows.
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Brayan Allan R. Massaroli Joisiane Mendes Araújo Jean C. G. Ortega André Valle Nunes Lúcia Mateus Samuel Elias Silva Jerry Penha 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2021,28(4):328-337
Fisheries are the most common ecosystem service that fish provide to human populations, yet recreational fisheries are often overlooked when evaluating such services. Here, the socioeconomic profiles of fishers, the composition of their catches and catch per unit effort (CPUE) are described, to estimate the economic value of the recreational fishery on a stretch of the Cuiabá River in the Brazilian Pantanal. Questionnaires were used to obtain socioeconomic information and fishing yield from fishers for 2013 and 2014. Additionally, a census on the number of fishers and fishing platforms along the sampled region was conducted in 2018. This recreational fishery mostly involves middle class adult males, based mostly in the Cuiabá city metropolitan region. They invested, on average, US$41.1 (SD = US$16.5, median = $35.2) per fishing visit, catching around 19 fish species. Overall, mean CPUE from the recreational fishery was 42.20 fish/fisher.day (17.4 kg/fisher/day). Annual economic value of this recreational fishery was estimated at around US$1.8 million, which highlights the importance of this activity to the local economy. Greater environmental conservation efforts are recommend to ensure the long-term viability of this ecosystem service. 相似文献
19.
Angela H. Arthington Paul C. Godfrey Richard G. Pearson Fazlul Karim Jim Wallace 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2015,25(3):336-352
- Tropical floodplain wetlands are among the world's most threatened and poorly documented freshwater ecosystems. This paper describes patterns of fish diversity in remnant freshwater lagoons in relation to natural environmental gradients and impacts of agriculture in the Tully–Murray catchment, Queensland Wet Tropics bioregion (QWT), in north‐eastern Australia.
- Floodplain lagoons supported 21 of 29 native fish species recorded from freshwater habitats of these rivers, including three species not typically found in main river channels or tributaries, and six that require access to saline areas for spawning or larval development. Eight species favoured lagoons during their early life history, highlighting the vital role of these water bodies in providing nursery habitat.
- Assemblage composition differed with distance from the coast, position on the floodplain, water quality and habitat. Aquatic vegetation discriminated lagoons and habitat patches within lagoons, and fish species richness was lower in patches of exotic ponded‐pasture grasses.
- Although the lagoons are surrounded by intensive agriculture, especially sugarcane plantations, they are in good ecological condition, largely because of retention of some riparian vegetation, and frequent flushing by high stream flows. They offer opportunities to conserve taxonomic and functional biodiversity that is at present poorly protected by terrestrial reserves focused mainly on forested uplands. Of the 21 native species recorded, only one has >20% of its QWT distribution protected in IUCN category II protected areas (National Parks), and nine species have <10% of their QWT distribution in protected areas.
- Opportunities to protect tropical freshwater fish diversity may be lost if threatening processes are not held in check through maintenance of natural flow regimes and floodplain connectivity, protection of riparian vegetation and aquatic habitat structure, continued application of best management farming practices and off‐reserve protection of freshwater habitats on public and private lands.
20.
- Over the last two decades, there has been increasing public and political recognition of society's dependency upon natural habitat complexity and ecological processes to sustain provision of crucial ecosystem services, ranging from supplying potable water through to climate regulation. How has the ecosystem‐services perspective been integrated into strategies for aquatic habitat conservation?
- Literature on conservation of diverse freshwater and marine habitats was reviewed to assess the extent to which past and current strategies specifically targeted ecosystem services, and considered ecosystem functions, potential trade‐offs and social issues when formulating protection measures for conserving aquatic habitats.
- Surprisingly few published examples exist where comprehensive assessment of ecosystem services supported development of conservation plans. Seldom were aquatic habitat conservation objectives framed in terms of balancing trade‐offs, assessing social values and evaluating suites of ecosystem services under different strategies. Time frames for achieving these objectives were also rarely specified. There was no evidence for fundamental differences between marine and freshwater habitats with respect to their ecosystem services that should be considered when setting targets for their conservation.
- When an ecosystem‐service perspective is used for setting objectives in aquatic habitat conservation, the following actions are recommended: (1) explicitly listing and evaluating full suites of ecosystem services to be conserved; (2) identifying current and future potential trade‐offs arising from conservation; (3) specifying time frames within which particular strategies might protect or enhance desired services; and (4) predicting how different proposed strategies might affect each ecosystem function, service flow and public benefit.
- This approach will help ensure that less‐apparent ecosystem services (e.g. regulating, supporting) and their associated ecosystem functions receive adequate recognition and protection in aquatic conservation of freshwater and marine habitats. However, conservation objectives should not focus solely on protecting or enhancing ecosystem services but complement current strategies targeting biodiversity and other conservation goals.