黑松松针多糖的复合酶法提取及其抑菌性研究

为了优化复合酶提取黑松松针多糖的工艺,并考察其抑菌性,根据松针粉的结构特点选取纤维素酶、果胶酶高效提取黑松松针多糖,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验对这两种酶提取松针多糖的条件(液料比、酶添加量、酶解温度、酶解时间、pH)进行优化。根据优化后的工艺条件,建立了双酶复合提取黑松松针多糖的工艺,且证实分步加酶法提取的多糖得率较高,即:液料比20∶1(mL/g),酶解温度50℃,pH 6.5,先添加2.5%纤维素酶,酶解时间2 h,后添加1.5%果胶酶,酶解时间1.5 h。此条件下得到的黑松松针多糖得率达6.17%,远高于单酶提取效果。松针多糖对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有较好的抑菌效果。该方法简便,可用于提取黑松松针多糖,为松针的开发利用提供技术基础和方法。     

响应面优化酶法提马铃薯皮渣中多酚的工艺

为研究酶法提取马铃薯皮渣多酚的最优工艺,采用单因素试验考察复合酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解pH及浸提剂乙醇浓度对多酚提取量的影响,并运用中心组合设计及响应面优化马铃薯皮渣多酚的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,各提取因素对马铃薯皮渣多酚提取量影响的次序为：浸提剂乙醇浓度＞酶解pH＞酶添加量。当复合酶添加量1.4%,酶解时间90 min,酶解pH 6.10,浸提剂乙醇浓度47%时,马铃薯皮渣多酚的提取量可达3.21 mg/g。     

酶解辅助提取桑黄粗多糖的工艺优化

桑黄多糖是桑黄子实体中的主要有效成分。对木瓜蛋白酶酶解辅助提取桑黄多糖的提取工艺进行优化,首先研究了酶添加量、提取温度、提取时间和料液比对桑黄多糖提取率的影响,在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优化得到了最优的酶解提取工艺。结果表明,提取温度、提取时间和料液比都对提取率有明显影响,且在所选取的范围内有最大值。在酶添加量为0.3%的基础上,最优工艺条件为提取时间40 min,提取温度50℃,料液比1∶40(g∶m L)。在此条件下桑黄多糖的提取率可达到1.52%。     

超声辅助纤维素酶提取青龙衣多糖工艺条件优化

以青龙衣为原料,利用超声辅助纤维素酶法对青龙衣多糖的提取工艺条件进行优化。探究了粉碎粒度、料液比、纤维素酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度和超声功率对青龙衣多糖提取量的影响,在单因素试验基础上,采用Design Expert 10.0.3.1进行试验设计和曲面响应法对最佳多糖提取条件进行优化,构建预测模型的二次多项式回归方程。结果表明,青龙衣多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶23,超声时间44 min,超声温度48℃,酶添加量1.55%。在该条件下青龙衣多糖实际提取量达到9.43±0.31 mg/g。超声辅助纤维素酶法提取青龙衣多糖的工艺条件简便、提取量高,为实际生产提供了理论依据和技术参考。     

响应面优化酶法提取马铃薯皮渣中多酚的工艺

为研究酶法提取马铃薯皮渣多酚的最优工艺,采用单因素试验考察复合酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解pH及浸提剂乙醇浓度对多酚提取量的影响,并运用中心组合设计及响应面优化马铃薯皮渣多酚的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,各提取因素对马铃薯皮渣多酚提取量影响的次序为:浸提剂乙醇浓度酶解pH酶添加量。当复合酶添加量1.4%,酶解时间90 min,酶解pH 6.10,浸提剂乙醇浓度47%时,马铃薯皮渣多酚的提取量可达3.21 mg/g。     

响应面法优化酶提取柿子多糖工艺研究

采用响应面分析法对柿子酶法提取多糖进行工艺条件的优化,分别考查最佳酶品种、酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度、料液比对提取柿子多糖的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,采用脱色率为评价指标,确定了木瓜蛋白酶提取多糖效率最高,最佳工艺为酶添加量25%,料液比1∶20,酶解温度55℃,酶解时间2.5 h,此条件下得到的实际多糖提取率为81.29%。确定酶法提取柿子多糖高效可行,可为柿子多糖的研究与开发提供理论依据。     

果胶酶法提取黑穗醋栗果实中多糖工艺的研究

研究了果胶酶法提取黑穗醋栗果实中活性多糖的最佳提取工艺,进行了单因素实验,考察温度、pH值、料液比及酶添加量对黑穗醋栗多糖提取率的影响;在此基础上,采用L9(43)正交试验,确定了最佳提取工艺条件:温度为60℃,pH值为4.5,料液比为1∶10,酶添加量为2.0%。在最佳工艺条件下,多糖的提取率为8.23%。     

酶解组合高速匀浆法提取人参总皂苷和多糖

以人参总皂苷和多糖提取得率为考察指标,采用酶解组合高速匀浆法同时提取人参中的两种重要成分,比较不同酶及组合对两者得率的影响,筛选出提取效果较好的果胶酶。通过单因素试验对酶解温度、酶解时间、酶解pH、酶添加量和人参粉末粒径分别进行优化,继而进行响应面试验,得到最佳酶解工艺为:酶解温度60℃,酶解pH 4.7,酶解时间4 h,酶添加量6%,人参粉末粒径约285μm,此时人参总皂苷得率为6.88%,多糖得率为28.58%。将提取后的渣料进行高速匀浆提取,以乙醇浓度、匀浆时间、固液比为变量设计正交试验,得到最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度0%(蒸馏水),匀浆时间4 min,固液比1∶50(g/mL),此条件下人参总皂苷得率为2.56%,多糖得率为16.92%。两步提取法人参总皂苷得率9.44%,多糖得率45.50%,均高于现有方法的提取得率。     

PPC复合酶解制备海藻有机液肥工艺参数的研究

为了探索海藻有机液肥的酶解制备工艺,采用PPC复合酶水解海藻生产有机液肥,对影响酶解过程的温度、pH、酶添加量和反应时间等主要因素分别作为单因素控制条件进行了实验,并通过正交试验得到优化工艺参数组合。结果表明,较为理想的复合酶水解生产海藻有机液肥的工艺组合条件为：温度50℃,PPC复合酶添加量0.4%,pH 6条件下反应时间72 h,所得海藻有机液肥的海藻酸含量37.243 mg/mL。     

蒲公英雪梨保健饮料加工工艺的研究

以蒲公英、雪梨为主要原料,研制蒲公英雪梨复合保健饮料,并探讨各因素对蒲公英浸提、雪梨汁酶解及饮料调配效果的影响。结果表明,蒲公英的最佳超声浸提条件为超声频率40 kHz,料液比1∶25,提取温度70℃,提取次数2次,提取时间1.5 h;雪梨汁的最佳酶解工艺为酶解时间2.0 h,酶解温度40℃,复合酶添加量0.6%,pH值3.5;饮料最佳调配工艺为雪梨汁添加量20%,冰糖添加量8%,苹果酸添加量0.15%,蒲公英浸提液添加量30%,蜂蜜添加量0.005%,制得的产品风味独特、营养丰富、质量最佳。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.