32份黄麻品种主要农艺性状相关性分析及差异性评价

黄麻的株高、茎粗及生育期等性状与产量密切相关,因此,研究黄麻主要农艺性状的相关性对黄麻高产优质新品种的选育具有重要意义。试验以来自不同国家和地区的32份黄麻种质为材料,对黄麻株高、茎粗、单株鲜皮重、生物学产量等农艺性状和工艺成熟期等生育期表现进行相关性分析和差异性评价。结果表明:黄麻的株高、茎粗、生育期与生物学产量之间均呈显著正相关;不同黄麻种质各性状的差异性明显,品种间变异系数在8.30%~21.39%之间;综合来看,梅峰6号、梅峰7号、闽麻5号、新选1号、黄麻179和D154等为综合性状优良的品种。研究结果为高产优质黄麻新品种的选育和实现黄麻的丰产稳产栽培提供了理论依据。     

浙江黄麻高产的施肥技术

浙江是我国南方黄麻高产区之一,全省黄麻大面积高产稳产六百斤以上。本文就浙江高产黄麻的施肥技术研究总结如下: 一、黄麻不同产量水平与施肥状况土壤肥力是黄麻高产的基础,从浙江省肖山、余杭、上虞等县二十多个高产单位的调查研究结果(表一)表明:黄麻丰产的潜力很大,在一定的范围内,黄麻纤     

黄麻高产攻关的初步总结

近年来各项作物的高产栽培技术都有很大的提高,黄麻的高产典型也不断涌现。为了总结黄麻亩产千斤的经验,以及探索更高亩产的潜力,把全区有关单位组成黄麻高产攻关协作组,共同开展高产攻关的科学实验活动,藉以摸索高产规律和     

黄麻良种“179”的选育

“179”是福建农学院1972—1979年通过杂交选育的黄麻新品种。经1978—1980年福建三年品种比较试验,1980、1981年浙江省黄麻品种区域试验及在福建、江西、浙江、江苏等省示范试种,表现比当前大面积栽培的粤圆5号早熟、高产。     

黄麻高产栽培研究

本试验以圆果种黄麻粤圆五号品种,在高产栽培条件下测定有关光合性状,光合效率、光合产物积累分配和麻株对N、P、K的吸收分配。结果为:高产麻田的叶面积指数、光合势、光合叶层,净同化率,光能利用率等均在出苗后75天左右(旺长初期)最高。光能利用率,光合势、叶面积指数、光合叶层与干物质产量的相关极显著,相应顺序为0.9685>0.8414>0.8395>0.815。通径分析以光合势的直接通径系数居首位(1.0622),并对高产田黄麻营养的吸收与分配、光合产物的积累、干物质分配进行了研究。     

移栽黄麻高产结构与长势观察

黄麻育苗移栽是夺取粮麻双丰收的有效措施.为了进一步探讨黄麻育苗移栽高产技术,我们于1979—1982年在杭州市西湖区石桥公社杨家大队对移栽黄麻的经济性状、长     

改革粤5播期 确保黄麻高产

黄麻迟熟品种粤圆5号生长期需150天才能达到工艺成熟标准.广东部分麻区,黄麻在清明前几天播种,立秋后几天收获,生长期仅130多天,黄麻产量较低。要夺取高产,栽培上必须解决延长生长期这一普遍问题。解决这一问题有两个方法:一是将黄麻收获期推后,这对麻稻轮作区的后作水稻有影响,后推期限受后作     

浙江黄麻高产的施肥技术

浙江是我国南方黄麻高产区之一，全省黄麻大面积高产稳产六百斤以上。本文就浙江高产黄麻的施肥技术研究总结如下：     

黄麻与水分

水分是植物生长发育中消耗最多的，最重要的原料与介质，是组成植物体的主要成员。植物的生长与发育都离不开水，没有水植物就不能生活。黄麻当然也不例外。我们了解黄麻与水分的关系，掌握黄麻的需水规律，给土壤提供最优的水分条件，是黄麻充分和全面发育的首要因素。但有关黄麻水分生理的研究报导很少，作者在研究黄麻高产规律时，对麻株各器官组织含水量的变化，叶面的蒸腾强度，以及黄麻高产群体对水分的反应等问题作了一些观测研究，有了一些粗浅的认识。     

黄麻高产攻关的初步总结

近年来各项作物的高产栽培技术都有很大的提高，黄麻的高产典型也不断涌现。为了总结黄麻亩产千斤的经验，以及探索更高亩产的潜力，把全区有关单位组成黄麻高产攻关协作组，共同开展高产攻关的科学实验活动，藉以摸索高产规律和研究栽培技术。现将一九七八年、七九年两年的情况初步总结如下：     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.