玉米秸收获后不同时间调制对青贮料中有机物降解率的影响

玉米秸秆是反刍家畜主要粗饲料，也是我国北方主要农副产品之一。玉米秸的常规利用之一是收获完玉米籽实后用作青贮，但玉米籽实收获完之后，由于抢收抢种，大部分玉米堆放起来而不能立即青贮。因此，本文从玉米秸收获后不同存放时间调制青贮。     

玉米秸秆的青贮

玉米秸秆青贮是指玉米籽实成熟掰棒后,籽实单独收获,将秸秆调制成青贮,是有效利用玉米秸的方法之一。玉米秸作为牛、羊等草食家畜的粗饲料,加工粉碎后,经过青贮发酵作用,可以把适口性差,     

玉米秸秆的青贮

<正>玉米秸秆青贮是指玉米籽实成熟掰棒后,籽实单独收获,将秸秆调制成青贮,是有效利用玉米秸的方法之一。玉米秸作为牛、羊等草食家畜的粗饲料,加工粉碎后,经过青贮发酵作用,可以把适口性差,     

玉米秸青贮损失及其评估

通过对不同品种不同收获期玉米秸青贮期间重量变化测定 ,得出青贮重量损失率。结果表明 :品种不同 ,7个收获期玉米秸青贮损失率平均值变化是 1 6 5 %～ 2 2 6 % (P >0 0 5 ) ;收获时期不同 ,8个品种玉米秸青贮损失率平均值变化是 1 2 2 %～ 3 75 % (P <0 0 5 )。说明 :收获时间 ,特别是收获后期 ,对玉米秸青贮损失影响很大 ,线性评估说明以生长期来评估青贮损失是可取的。     

青贮玉米生产性能对收获期的响应及收获指数的探讨

为了探讨不同收获时期青贮玉米的生产性能和青贮品质,利用收获指数对不同收获期予以评价。本研究以兼用青贮玉米品种晋单42号为试验材料,分别于籽粒形成期、乳熟期、蜡熟期和完熟期取样及青贮后测定其化学成分,并且计算青贮玉米的收获指数。结果表明,随着收获时期的延迟,原料青贮玉米干物质产量、淀粉和粗脂肪含量极显著地增加(P0.01),而中性洗涤纤维消化率(NDFD)显著下降(P0.05);籽粒形成期收获的玉米青贮饲料发酵品质较差(P0.01)。利用作物收获指数、MILK 2006指数均判断蜡熟期适宜收获。从产量、品质与青贮后的产品特性综合判断以蜡熟期为适宜收获时期,可以简捷以干物质产量和含量来指导青贮玉米的收获。     

青贮玉米栽培管理技术、收获与制作

玉米是禾本科一年生高产作物,青贮玉米(又称饲料玉米)并不指玉米品种,而是鉴于用途,青贮玉米是将新鲜玉米存放到青贮窖中(即进行青贮),经发酵制成饲料或工业原料。青贮玉米是鉴于农业生产习惯对一类用途玉米的统称。玉米的主产品和副产品都是良好饲料。绿色的玉米秸是优良的青贮饲料的原料,提前在蜡熟中末期收割。玉米苞叶经粉碎后能调成品质优良的发酵饲料。由于玉米苞叶质地细软,富有含糖物质,可以切碎混入谷草中喂马,或直接喂牛、羊。     

玉米秸黄贮技术

玉米秸的黄贮饲料,是在收获玉米后按照青贮原理制做的。它的主要好处是:①增加玉米产量。过去搞玉米秸青贮是在玉米未乳熟期,连杆带棒全铡贮到坑里。而黄贮是在玉米棒掰下后再搞,即制成了饲料又收到了玉米。②提高玉米秸的利用率。用干玉米秸喂牛,利用率不到30％。经黄贮调制后,     

青贮玉米品种(一)

正一、青贮玉米简介1.青贮玉米概念。青贮玉米,又称饲料玉米,它不指具体的玉米品种,而是指基于玉米用途分类的概念。青贮玉米是指将新鲜的包含全部可用茎叶的整株玉米(一般还包含完整果穗)存放到青贮容器中,经发酵工艺制成青贮饲料的一类玉米的总称。2.青贮玉米品种类型。青贮玉米品种是指可作为青贮玉米制作的玉米品种。可分为三种类型,即青贮专用型玉米、粮饲兼用型玉米和粮饲通用型玉米。青贮专用型玉米品种是指只适合制作青贮的玉米品种,在乳熟期至蜡熟期内收获包括果穗在内的整     

玉米秸秆青贮饲料中NDF与ADF含量变化规律的研究

玉米秸秆作为反刍家畜的主要粗饲料,不同品种与不同收获时期的玉米秸秆青贮后其营养成分有一定的差异,特别是DNF和ADF,差异显著。近些年来,随畜牧业迅速发展,秸秆青贮技术已得到很好的推广,但与反刍家畜瘤胃内挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生有关的底物之一,粗饲料中NDF含量,尤其是不同品种与不同收获时期玉米秸秆青贮后NDF含量变化,报导较少,而VFA的产生和吸收与NDF含量有密切关系,本试验应用范氏(Van.Soest)洗涤纤维分析法对不同品种、不同收获期的玉米秸秆青贮后,其NDF、ADF含量进行了测定,以期从营养学角度出发,筛选出适合我国华北地…     

玉米秸黄贮技术与营养价值

玉米秸黄贮是在玉米腊熟收获后,对玉米秸进行窖贮后加以利用的一种方法。黄贮的优越性很多,首先是原料数量多、采用方便、成本低,其次是提高玉米秸的利用率、营养价值和适口性,另外黄贮比青贮还有不影响玉米的产量、不与秋收大忙时节争劳力等优点,所以农民比较更愿意搞黄贮。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.