可可毛色二孢效应子LT_397基因的克隆及转录分析

可可毛色二孢Lasiodiplodia theobromae是引起葡萄溃疡病的主要致病菌之一。病原菌会分泌许多效应子抑制植物的防御反应。本试验对可可毛色二孢特有的效应子LT_397基因进行克隆,开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)全长1140 bp,含有11个半胱氨酸。生物信息学软件预测显示:效应子LT_397信号肽为位于N端的1~16个氨基酸。qRT-PCR结果表明:LT_397受可可毛色二孢诱导下,在侵染24 h的基因相对转录水平最高;在逆境胁迫处理方面:LT_397在营养、氧化、离子、酸碱和UV胁迫下基因的相对转录水平都上升。烟草瞬时表达表明,效应子LT_397可抑制水稻细菌性谷枯病菌Burkholderia glumae引发的过敏反应(hypersensitive response,HR)。以上结果为进一步分析效应子对寄主的致病机制奠定了基础。     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

<正>可可毛色二孢菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat. Griffon Maubl.)属葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)病原菌的无性型,其有性型为Botryosphaeria rhodina(Berk. M.A. Curtis)Arx[1,2]。该病原菌可导致热带、亚热带地区的植物发生病害,如葡萄树干溃疡和顶梢枯死[3],春芋叶斑病[4],橄榄溃疡病[5]等。叶斑病是茶树的一类重要病害。近年来,不     

橡胶树速衰病的病原菌种类鉴定

橡胶树速衰病是云南植胶区近年发生的重要病害,引起橡胶树快速衰退后死亡。对云南主要植胶区进行速衰病调查采样及病原菌分离鉴定,根据病原菌的形态学、培养特征,以及ITS1/ITS4引物扩增获得ITS序列,鉴定其病原为可可毛色二孢Lasiodiplodia theobromae和茄镰孢Fusarium solani。     

广西杧果流胶病菌的分子鉴定

<正>杧果流胶病是我国杧果种植区的常见病害,各地均有发生。广西尤为严重,平均病株率达50%以上(Li et al.,2013)。印度、巴基斯坦、巴西等国家认为可可毛色二孢Lasiodiplodia theobromae是该病的主要病原菌,七叶树壳梭孢Fusicoccum aesculi和小新壳梭孢Neofusicoccum parvum也可造成危害(de Oliveira Costa et al.,2010)。海南、广西关于该病病     

毛葡萄穗轴褐腐病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

罗城仫佬族自治县是广西毛葡萄主产区。穗轴褐腐病是近年为害毛葡萄花穗穗轴的主要病害。作者根据病原菌形态、致病性,并利用分子鉴定方法,将该病的致病菌鉴定为可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)。该病菌生长最适温度为28~30℃;可生长pH值为3~11.5,其中,pH 3~4利于病原菌产生分生孢子;能有效利用蔗糖、葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉等14种供试碳源,但以葡萄糖最好;能利用DL-丙氨酸、硝酸钠、DL-甲硫氨酸等10种供试氮源,但以DL-丙氨酸最适。     

葡萄 VvSUC 27基因的克隆及病原响应表达分析

由葡萄座腔菌科Botryosphaeriaceae真菌引起的葡萄溃疡病(Botryosphaeria dieback)是葡萄上的主要枝干病害之一, 严重影响葡萄产业的健康发展?其中, 致病力最强的为可可毛色二孢 Lasiodiplodia theobromae ?糖转运蛋白在调节植物对病原菌的免疫过程中起着至关重要的作用, 关于葡萄中糖转运蛋白参与植物免疫机制的研究尚未见报道?本试验从‘无核白’葡萄叶片中克隆得到蔗糖转运蛋白 VvSUC 27基因, 其开放阅读框全长1 515 bp, 预测蛋白质分子量为54 kD, 理论等电点(pI)为9.58?生物信息学预测该蛋白含有12个跨膜结构?实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析表明:氨基环丙烷羧酸和脱落酸处理后 VvSUC 27的表达水平持续上调; 水杨酸和茉莉酸甲酯处理后, VvSUC 27的表达呈现上调表现但无规律的变化特征; 激发子chitin和flg22处理后, VvSUC 27基因信号响应快速且明显; 感病品种‘夏黑’接种可可毛色二孢后, VvSUC 27被迅速诱导, 3 h时表达量达到最高, 而后逐渐减弱?本研究将为今后阐明可可毛色二孢与葡萄互作的分子机制提供参考依据?     

海南玉米穗腐病病原菌分离鉴定及优势种的遗传多样性分析

为了阐明海南省玉米穗腐病病原菌的种类,结合形态学和分子生物学方法对83份病样进行了病原菌的分离和鉴定,最终获得12种病原菌,包括拟轮枝镰孢(Fusarium verticillioides)、层出镰孢(F.proliferatum)、亚粘团镰孢(F.subglutinans)、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)、新知镰孢(F.andiyazi)、棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)、拟康宁木霉(T.koningiopsis)、卵孢木霉(T.ovalisporum)、喙刚毛球腔菌(Exserohilum rostratum)、玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris maydis)、草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)和可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)。其中,拟轮枝镰孢分离频率占65.06%,为优势种。以拟轮枝镰孢的EF-1α、histone 3和β-tubulin基因序列为基础进行多基因家系分析,以明确海南省与内陆部分省份不同菌株之间的遗传关系。结果表明,海南省内菌株之间具有丰富的遗传多样性,而且海南省和内陆省份菌株之间存在高频率的基因交流。     

广州口岸进口水果截获病害概述

近年来,全国进口水果无论种类还是数量都急剧增加,但很少有截获重要病害的报道.作者对实验室受理的进口水果进行了病害检疫鉴定,共鉴定出病原33种,其中包括美澳型核果褐腐病菌、可可毛色二孢等重要疫情.     

猕猴桃种质材料对褐斑病抗性评价

正由多主棒孢菌(Corynespora cassiicola)引起的猕猴桃褐斑病是一种重要的猕猴桃病害,在四川、广西、江西等地均有报道,主要导致早期落叶,促使秋稍萌发,消耗树体养分,影响树势和次年的开花座果,使猕猴桃的品质和产量受到严重影响~([1～3])。多主棒孢菌的寄主范围十分广泛,除危害猕猴桃外,还可危害橡胶、黄瓜等100余种寄主植物~([4])。     

香蕉枯萎病菌TR4原生质体转化和基因敲除体系构建

正香蕉枯萎病是一种典型的维管束和土传真菌病害,也是最具毁灭性的植物病害之一~([1])。香蕉一旦感病,很难结果,而且目前尚无有效的防治措施~([1])。因此,研究植物病原菌侵染进程和致病机制,可以拓宽思路以寻求植物病害防治新途径。香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense,Foc)侵染所致~([1])。对生产影响最大的Foc是侵染包括大蜜哈、     

朱槿茎腐病病原鉴定

朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis),又名扶桑、佛桑、大红花、赤槿、桑槿、红木槿,为锦葵科木槿属常绿灌木或小乔木.其花型娇美,花色艳丽,不仅是斐济、苏丹、马来西亚等国的国花,同时也是我国广西省南宁市、云南省玉溪市以及台湾省高雄市的市花.在南宁,朱槿作为一种重要的园林绿化树种,被栽植于街道、公园、花坛及庭...     

芒果蒂腐病病原葡萄座腔菌科真菌种类鉴定

In order to identify the pathogen of Botryosphaeriaceae causing mango stem-end rot, tissue isolation method was used to process mango samples collected from Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Sichuan Provinces in China, and 58 fungal isolates were obtained. Among them, 39 isolates were belonged to Botryosphaeriaceae, accounting for 67.24%. These isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α). The results showed that there were four main species of Botryosphaeriaceae, including Neofusicoccum parvum (33.33%), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (30.77%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (28.21%), and L. pseudotheobromae (7.69%). The mango stem-end rot caused by L. pseudotheobroma was firstly reported in China. The virulence of the four species was tested by in vitro inoculation and the results showed that all isolates were pathogenic, among which L. theobromae, L. pseudotheobroma, and N. parvum were the “strong” grade, and B. dothidea was the “middle” grade.     

广西百香果采后果腐病病原的鉴定

0 引言 百香果(Passiflora edulis),学名西番莲,为西番莲科(Passifloraceae)西番莲属(Passiflora Linn.)草质藤本植物,原产于南美洲的巴西,在我国主要种植于热带、亚热带地区,具有极高的营养、保健和商品价值[1-2].目前,我国百香果的主栽品种为紫果百香果(Passiflo...     

矮龙船花枯梢病病原菌Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis的鉴定

In May 2019, a new dieback on Ixora williamsii Sandwith was found during the disease surveys of the plants in the Sansha City, Hainan Province. The fungal pathogen YXD-918-1 was isolated by methods of tissue isolation and purified using single-spore isolation. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS region, EF1-α and TUB gene sequences, the fungal isolate was identified as Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis. The pathogenicity test confirmed that this species isolates were pathogen on I. williamsii. This is the first report of the dieback on I. williamsii caused by L. hormozganensis in China.     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

The tea leaf disease, which led to a large loss of production and decrease of quality, was found in the tea region in Huishui county, Guizhou province. Some strains were isolated from the diseased samples, and the representative strains fulfilled Koch’s postulate. Then the isolates were further identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) regions. The results showed that the pathogen of the leaf disease occurred in Huishui county, Guizhou province was L. theobromae.     

珍珠李枝枯病病原鉴定及致病性测定

In order to confirm the pathogen of branch blight on pearl plum and its virulence, 14 samples were collected from Guangxi and Guizhou Province, and 21 isolates were obtained and were identified as Botryosphaeriaceae. The results of colony morphology, conidial observation and molecular identification of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and the translation elongation factor 1-α (EFl-α) showed that the pathogens of branch blight on pearl plum were Botryosphaeria dothidea (66.67%), Neofusicoccum parvum (19.05%), N. algeriense (9.52%), and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (4.76%). The pathogenicity of different species of Botryosphaeriaceae was tested by mycelial dishes inoculation, and it was found that typical isolates of the four species were pathogenic, among which L. pseudotheobromae was the most virulent one and B. dothidea was the weakest one. This is the first report that L. pseudotheobromae causes branch blight on pearl plum.     

北京葡萄溃疡病病原菌Lasiodiplodia citricola的鉴定和生物学特性初探

Botryosphaeria dieback is one of the important grapevine trunk diseases in the world. In this study, two grapevine trunk disease samples were collected from two grape vineyards in Miyun District of Beijing, where grapevine trunk disease was very severe. The potential pathogens were isolated, purified and identified. Meanwhile this study conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity by Koch’s Postulate, and the effects of temperature and light on the growth of pathogens. According to morphological characteristics and a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis with sequences of ITS, EF-1α and TUB, four isolates were identified as Lasiodiplodia citricola, which was the causal organism of grapevine Botryosphaeria dieback. Moreover, the pathogen was able to grow between 10-40 ℃. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 30 ℃, and it grew rapidly under full light. This is the first report of grapevine Botryosphaeria dieback disease on grapes caused by L. citricola in China.     

云南、广西三七黑斑病病原链格孢菌的鉴定

正黑斑病是三七栽培生产中常见的一大病害,叶片受害产生近圆形或不规则水浸状病斑,常导致成株落叶、幼苗生长点及茎秆顶端腐烂枯死。其病原一般认为是链格孢属真菌人参链格Alternaria panax Whetzel~([1,2]),也有相关研究证明黑斑病病原为细链格孢Alternaria tenuis Nees~([3]),后定名为链格孢Alternaria alternata Keissl~([4])。本研究利用ITS序列和histone 3部分编码序列的PCR鉴定,结合形态学鉴定,分析三七主产区黑斑病菌的组成和分布情况及几种病原菌的致病力差异,以期为三七黑斑病防治提供理论依据。     

欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌双组份系统反应调节基因LqRR2的功能研究

由Lonsdalea quercina subsp.populi引起的欧美杨溃疡病于2006年在国内首次发现,不同于其它病原菌造成的杨树溃疡病,该病害对欧美杨速生林的生长造成毁灭性破坏,已造成了严重的经济损失,该病原菌的致病分子机制尚不清楚。双组分系统是细菌重要的信号传递通路,在细菌的生长繁殖、逆境胁迫应答、环境适应以及病原菌致病过程中发挥重要作用。开展双组份系统研究将有助于解析欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌的致病机制。本研究鉴定了欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌L.quercina双组份孤儿反应调节基因LqRR2,并对其生物学功能进行了研究。通过同源重组获得了LqRR2基因的缺失突变体△LqRR2。表型测定结果显示,与野生型菌株相比,突变体△LqRR2在半固体培养基上的游动能力显著减弱,对欧美杨‘107杨’枝干的毒性也显著降低。但是,突变体的生长速率、生物膜形成能力以及胞外多糖产量较野生型无显著差别。此外,荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,游动性相关基因flg B、flg C和flg E的表达量在突变体中明显降低。综上所述,双组份调节蛋白编码基因LqRR2是欧美杨细菌性溃疡病菌L.quercina维持病原菌游动性和全毒性所必需的。