甘蔗花叶病毒第Ⅳ组分离物RT-PCR检测体系的建立及应用

甘蔗花叶病毒(Sugarcane mosaic virus,SCMV)是引起我国玉米矮化叶病的主要病毒。根据其基因组序列,SCMV可以分为4个组,其中第Ⅳ组分离物属于新出现的强毒株系。为了快速检测SCMV尤其是Ⅳ组分离物的发生情况,我们针对SCMV Ⅰ-Ⅳ组及Ⅳ组分离物设计了6对引物,从中筛选出特异性最强的2对引物(Ⅰ-Ⅳ-2F/Ⅰ-Ⅳ-2R和Ⅳ-1F/Ⅳ-1R),进行PCR体系的优化。优化后的PCR体系为:退火温度51℃,d NTP终浓度为0.1 mM,引物终浓度为0.20μM,Taq DNA聚合酶终浓度为0.015 U·μL~(-1)。利用该体系,引物对Ⅰ-Ⅳ-2F/Ⅰ-Ⅳ-2R和Ⅳ-1F/Ⅳ-1R均能够从50 ng感病叶片或0.05 ng病毒RNA中检测出SCMV。通过优化两对引物浓度比例建立了能同时检测SCMV所有分离物及第四组分离物的双重PCR体系。利用该体系从山东、河南及云南均检测出SCMV第Ⅳ组分离物的发生。本研究为SCMV尤其是SCMV第Ⅳ组分离物的快速检测提供了技术支持。     

引起玉米穗腐病的两种镰孢菌双重PCR快速检测体系的建立

禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)和拟轮枝镰孢(Fusarium verticillioides)是引起玉米穗腐病的两种主要病原菌。为了建立这两种病原菌的快速和定量检测体系,本研究分别设计了针对F.graminearum和F.verticillioides的基因特异性引物,建立了双重PCR反应体系,并从DNA浓度、引物浓度和退火温度3个方面对反应体系进行了优化。结果表明,退火温度为54℃和58℃时扩增效果较好,DNA模版的检测灵敏度可以达到6.25 ng·μL~(-1);F.graminearum和F.verticillioides引物最佳终浓度配比为0.2μmol·L~(-1)/0.4μmol·L~(-1)。本研究建立的双重PCR对同时鉴别引起玉米穗腐病的两种主要镰孢菌提供了准确、快速、灵敏的检验检疫技术。     

三重PCR检测茄子青枯病菌、黄萎病菌和白绢病菌

为快速、准确对田间茄子发病植株和土壤中3种土传病害的病原菌青枯病菌Ralstonia solanacearum、黄萎病菌Verticillium dahliae和白绢病菌Sclerotium rolfsii进行检测,筛选这3种病菌的特异性引物,建立这3种病菌的三重PCR检测体系,对其退火温度、引物浓度、10×PCR Buffer(Mg2+plus)、dNTP和Taq DNA聚合酶进行优化,对优化后体系的特异性和灵敏度进行检测,并利用优化体系对田间采集的病害样品和土壤样品进行检测。结果表明,在优化后的50μL三重PCR检测体系中,RS-1-F/RS-3-R、dllz1/dllz2和SRITSF/SRITSR引物的最佳浓度分别为0.16、0.16和0.28μmol/L,10×PCR Buffer(Mg2+plus)、dNTP和Taq DNA聚合酶体积分别为6、5和1μL,检测体系的最佳退火温度为54℃。按照优化后的反应条件能分别扩增出青枯病菌、黄萎病菌和白绢病菌3种病菌的特异条带,分别为716、350和500 bp,其他对照病菌无条带。该体系对病菌DNA检测灵敏度达到0.1 ng/μL。该...     

柑橘黄龙病菌亚洲种分子检测引物评价及绝对定量PCR体系优化

柑橘黄龙病是对柑橘产业最具毁灭性的病害, 目前没有可用的有效药剂和抗病品种, 分子检测对黄龙病有效防控至关重要。本研究对国内外常用的常规PCR和巢式PCR检测引物进行评价, 针对多拷贝的nrdB和16S rDNA基因, 构建质粒标准品并筛选适用于绝对定量PCR的最佳质粒。结果表明, 使用Es Taq MasterMix对感染 Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas)的柑橘样品进行常规PCR检测时, 在评价的16对引物中, OI1/OI2c、Las606/LSS和HLBF468/R877灵敏度最高, 推荐同时使用检测黄龙病菌含量低的样品;各组巢式PCR检测引物有其适用扩增体系, 部分引物用Es Taq MasterMix扩增时出现非特异性扩增, F1/B1→F3/B3则适用Es Taq MasterMix体系, 且最高可稳定特异检出105倍稀释感染CLas柑橘总DNA样品（2×10-3 ng/μL）, 是灵敏度最高的引物组, OI1/OI2c→S3/S4在Es Taq MasterMix和Ex Taq DNA聚合酶体系中均可稳定特异检出104倍稀释感染CLas柑橘总DNA样品（2×10-2 ng/μL）, 是适用扩增体系最广的引物组;构建的5个绝对定量PCR质粒标准品中, pnrdB83扩增效率最接近100%, 且在2次重复试验中波动最小, 稳定性最强, 并且作为标准品对黄龙病待测样品进行绝对定量时, 各样品在2次重复试验中的拷贝数差值最小, 是本研究筛选的最佳质粒。本研究的结果将为柑橘黄龙病菌的定性和定量分子检测提供参考。     

以18S rRNA为内参照的多重RT-PCR检测3种百合病毒

 本研究对多重PCR体系各成分和循环参数进行了摸索和优化,建立了以18SrRNA为内参照的同时检测3种百合病毒的多重RT-PCR体系,所检测的3种病毒是黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、百合斑驳病毒(LMoV)和百合无症病毒(LSV)。它们为侵染我国百合的主要病毒。在RT反应体系中加入3种病毒和18S rRNA的特异性反向引物的混合物,使反应体系中各反向引物终浓度均为0.5μmol/L,反转录酶(AMV)反转录合成各病毒和18SrRNA的互补第一链cDNAs。多重RT-PCR条件实验显示:将标准RT-PCR体系中的Taq HS DNA聚合酶量改为0.100U/μL,Mg²⁺浓度改为4.0mmol/L,各引物浓度选择0.2μmol/L,那么25个循环反应以上就能在一个反应管中以18SrRNA为内参照同时检测百合中的3种常见病毒。用该体系检测了10个百合样品,同时与³²P同位素标记膜杂交检测作对照,结果显示,该检测体系检测灵敏度更高。     

褐飞虱SRAP-PCR体系的优化与确立

采用L16（4 5）正交试验设计,对褐飞虱SRAP PCR反应体系中的Mg2+、dNTPs、TaqDNA聚合酶、引物浓度和DNA模板浓度5个因素进行优化,确立了褐飞虱SRAP PCR最佳的反应体系。结果表明：褐飞虱SRAP-PCR最佳反应体系为：总体积10 μL,Mg2+浓度3 mmol/L、dNTPs为150 μmol/L、TaqDNA聚合酶2 U、正反向引物各0.3 μmol/L、DNA用量25 ng以及1×PCR Buffer。使用生物型1雌虫与生物型2雄虫单对杂交F2群体对优化后的褐飞虱SRAP-PCR反应体系进行验证,获得了条带清晰、多态性丰富的图谱,并发现共显性条带,表明确定的反应体系稳定可靠。     

甘蔗宿根矮化病菌巢式PCR检测

为了探索甘蔗宿根矮化病快速检测技术,以细菌16S-23S rDNA内转录间隔区(ITS)通用引物ITS1/ITS2为第1轮引物,以甘蔗宿根矮化病菌特异引物Lxx1/Lxx2为第2轮引物,建立甘蔗宿根矮化病菌巢式PCR检测技术。巢式PCR能扩增出438 bp的目的条带,其核苷酸序列与巴西、澳大利亚及美国甘蔗宿根矮化病菌分离物核苷酸序列同源率为100%或99.8%;其检测灵敏度为10fg甘蔗宿根矮化病菌基因组DNA,较常规PCR提高100倍;样品检测结果也表明巢式PCR检测灵敏度明显优于常规PCR,可用于+1片嫩叶和心叶等微量病菌样品的检测。     

香蕉穿孔线虫双重PCR快速检测技术研究

 香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)是国际上公认的植物检疫性有害生物之-, 是热带地区果树上最重要的线虫。通过设计的属水平上的特异性引物R1、R2(R1/2)和种水平上的特异性引物RS1、RS2(RS1/2)进行双重PCR扩增香蕉穿孔线虫, 可扩增出长度为362和291 bp的2个特异性片段谱带。同时分别对检测体系中反应参数进行优化, 最佳延伸温度为51.4℃, 引物R1/2与RS1/2最佳浓度配比为0.2μmol·L^-1/1.2μmol·L^-1, 并测试检测引物的灵敏度, 能进行有效检测的最低起始核酸量为100 pg;同时, 也能对单条线虫进行检测以及样品中线虫的检测。专化性测试证明, 2对引物能有效地进行香蕉穿孔线虫的快速分子诊断。     

西番莲中夜来香花叶病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

夜来香花叶病毒(telosma mosaic virus, TeMV)是对西番莲危害较大的一种病毒病原。根据病毒末端结合蛋白(VPg)序列设计引物, 建立了以Vpg-334F/506R为特异性引物, 退火温度54℃, 引物浓度0.6 μmol/L的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。该方法可特异性扩增TeMV基因组6 483~6 675 nt区域, 所得标准曲线扩增效率为102.77%, 决定系数为0.996 1, 最低检测浓度为2.370×10 2 拷贝/μL, 灵敏度是普通PCR的1 000倍。应用该方法对接种TeMV的西番莲进行检测, 发现接种3 d后可在叶片中检测到TeMV, 定量分析不同温度下TeMV在叶片中的积累, 发现26~28℃下病毒积累速度最快, 且植株症状表现与病毒积累量密切相关。对赣南地区采集的76份西番莲田间样品进行检测, 共检出71份阳性样品, 检出率为93.4%。综上, 本研究建立的实时荧光定量PCR方法特异性强, 灵敏度高, 适于TeMV的快速检测。     

柑橘黄龙病PCR检测引物比较研究

柑橘黄龙病潜伏期长、尚无可用于大田的有效治疗药剂,快速、准确的早期检测是防控柑橘黄龙病的关键。PCR检测是目前柑橘黄龙病最常用的早期检测方法。为提高柑橘黄龙病PCR检测的准确性和检出率,本研究依据已测序的黄龙病菌全基因组序列对检测引物OI2c进行了改进（标记为OI2c-gj）,将其与其他常用的7对PCR检测引物进行了特异性和灵敏度的筛选和比较。结果表明,8对黄龙病PCR检测引物中,特异性较好的引物为OI1/OI2c-gj、Las606/LSS、P400F/P400R、A2/J5、16SF/16SR、primer1/primer2;灵敏度较好的引物从高到低依次为：OI1/OI2c-gj=Las606/LSS>P400F/P400R=A2/J5>16SF/16SR>primer1/primer2。综合比较引物特异性和灵敏度,本研究改进的引物OI1/OI2c-gj以及Las606/LSS、P400F/P400R、A2/J5对柑橘黄龙病检测有较好的准确性和检出率,建议用于柑橘黄龙病的早期检测。     

甘蔗花叶病毒田间杂草寄主鉴定

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is the prevalent virus causing maize dwarf mosaic in China. Here we collected 90 weed samples belonging to 15 species, among which Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli and Digitaria sanguinalis showed distinct mosaic symptom. The maize in-bred line B73 and cultivar Denghai 605 plants inoculated with extracts of S. viridis, E. crusgalli and D. sanguinalis showed distinct mosaic symptom in the systemically infected leaves at 10 days post-inoculation. ELISA results showed that samples of S. viridis, E. crusgalli and D. sanguinalis were positive to antibody against SCMV CP. The duplex-PCR showed that samples of S. viridis, E. crusgalli and D. sanguinalis were infected by SCMV which was not belonging to group IV. The SCMV ORF of 3 weed and one maize samples shared nucleotide and amino acid sequences identities of 93.1%-99.7%. Gene-flow analysis showed that the SCMV isolates from three weed samples had frequent gene flow with the SCMV isolates from maize in Shandong Province. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the four SCMV isolates were clustered into group I. These results indicate that S. viridis, E. crusgalli and D. sanguinalis are weed reservoir of SCMV. These results provide theoretical guidance for the effective control of SCMV.     

甘蔗花叶病毒田间杂草寄主鉴定

正玉米矮花叶病1963年在美国俄亥俄州首次报道[1],我国1968年在河南省首次报道。甘蔗花叶病毒(Sugarcane mosaic virus,SCMV)是引起我国玉米矮花叶病的主要病原[2, 3]。根据基因组序列的系统发育分析,SCMV分为4个组,其中第I组分布最广,第IV组是新发现的一个强毒株系,近年来的发生呈上升趋势[4, 5]。SCMV属于马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus),粒体为弯曲线状。其由蚜虫非持久性传播[6],能侵     

我国12省市玉米矮花叶病病原鉴定及病毒致病性测定

 利用甘蔗花叶病毒(Sugarcane mosaic virus,SCMV)单克隆抗体细胞株2B5腹水和SCMV、玉米矮花叶病毒(Maize dwarf mosaic virus,MDMV)、高粱花叶病毒(Sorghum mosaic virus,SrMV)和约翰逊草花叶病毒(Johnsongrass mosaic virus,JGMV)的特异性引物对我国浙江、江苏、上海、山东、河南、河北、北京、山西、陕西、甘肃、四川、云南12省市15个地点的176株玉米矮花叶病病样分别进行了间接ELISA和免疫捕获反转录PCR (IC-RT-PCR)检测,结果表明这些病样均含有SCMV,而无MDMV、SrMV或JGMV存在,表明上述12省市的玉米矮花叶病病原为SCMV。进一步对甘肃(GS)、四川(SC)、云南(YN)3个SCMV分离物的近全长CP基因进行了序列测定,并测定了浙江分离物(ZJ)和甘肃分离物(GS)在13个玉米品种上的致病性。     

江西甘蔗花叶病病原的分子鉴定

 Sugarcane mosaic disease, caused by Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) or Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV) in Potyvirus, is one of the most important viral diseases of sugarcane. In the study, four primer pairs specific to SCMV, SrMV, MDMV and JGMV, respectively, were designed and used to detect 29 sugarcane leaf mosaic samples collected from 9 locations in Jiangxi province. The representative RT-PCR products were sequenced. The results showed that 22 samples were infected by SCMV, three by SrMV, and four were mix-infected by SCMV and SrMV. MDMV or JGMV were not identified in all samples. The result indicates that SCMV is the major pathogen of sugarcane mosaic disease in Jiangxi province, and SrMV is also a pathogen for the disease.     

云南美人蕉病毒病病原鉴定

In this study,the causal agents were identified from Canna indica viral diseased plants in Yunnan Province.The diseased C.indica plants mainly exhibited the symptoms like veinal chlorosis and yellowing,streak mosaic or interveinal chlorosis,while older leaves always showed veinal necrosis as well as chlorosis.Viral pathogens were detected by RT-PCR/PCR in 24 diseased C.indica samples collected from Kunming and Yuxi City in Yunnan Province.The results indicated that the main C.indica-infecting viruses were canna yellow mottle virus (CaYMV),bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV),sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV).CaYMV showed the highest detection rate of 87.5 %,whereas,the BYMV had the lowest rate of 16.7% in the 24 samples.Co-infections of CaYMV+SCMV,CaYMV+BYMV and CaYMV+SCMV+BYMV were also detected in the diseased samples.However,cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),tobamovirus,luteovirus,orthotospovirus,begomovirus and umbravirus were not detected in these samples.This is the first report of CaYMV and SCMV infecting C.indica in Yunnan province.     

云南美人蕉病毒病病原鉴定

In this study,the causal agents were identified from Canna indica viral diseased plants in Yunnan Province.The diseased C.indica plants mainly exhibited the symptoms like veinal chlorosis and yellowing,streak mosaic or interveinal chlorosis,while older leaves always showed veinal necrosis as well as chlorosis.Viral pathogens were detected by RT-PCR/PCR in 24 diseased C.indica samples collected from Kunming and Yuxi City in Yunnan Province.The results indicated that the main C.indica-infecting viruses were canna yellow mottle virus (CaYMV),bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV),sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV).CaYMV showed the highest detection rate of 87.5 %,whereas,the BYMV had the lowest rate of 16.7% in the 24 samples.Co-infections of CaYMV+SCMV,CaYMV+BYMV and CaYMV+SCMV+BYMV were also detected in the diseased samples.However,cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),tobamovirus,luteovirus,orthotospovirus,begomovirus and umbravirus were not detected in these samples.This is the first report of CaYMV and SCMV infecting C.indica in Yunnan province.     

甘蔗花叶病毒2个山东分离物的全基因组序列分析

甘蔗花叶病毒(Sugarcane mosaic virus,SCMV)是引起我国玉米矮花叶病的主要病毒。本文从山东泰安采集到2个表现矮花叶症状玉米样品的分离物(命名为DWK1和DWK2),通过RT-PCR扩增全基因组片段并测定了其序列(GenBank登录号分别为KU171814和KU171815)。序列分析结果表明,DWK1和DWK2基因组全长分别为9 575和9 576个核苷酸(nucleotides,nt),开放阅读框均为9 192 nt,编码3 063个氨基酸的多聚蛋白。DWK1和DWK2的全基因组核苷酸一致率为81.7%,DWK1与山西分离物SX(AY569692)的核苷酸一致率最高,为90.9%;DWK2与河北分离物BD8(JN021933)核苷酸一致率最高,达99.4%。二者在系统进化树中分别被聚类到Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组。重组分析发现,DWK1是HN(AF494510)、Guangdong(AJ310105)和BD8 3个分离物的重组体。选择压力分析表明,SCMV 11个蛋白的dN/dS值都小于1,均处于负选择,但在P1、P3和CP中存在正选择位点。本研究结果可为甘蔗花叶病毒株系的监测及防控提供理论指导。     

侵染广西甜椒的西瓜银斑驳病毒分子鉴定

西瓜银斑驳病毒(Watermelon silver mottle vi-rus,WSMoV)为布尼亚病毒科(Bunyaviridae)番茄斑萎病毒属(Orthotospovirus)病毒,通过蓟马以持久增殖型方式传播,主要危害番茄、辣椒、西瓜等茄科和葫芦科作物,引起褪绿轮纹、环斑、皱缩等症状,造成严重的经济损失[1]....     

基于小麦白粉病菌rDNA ITS序列的PCR分子检测

 Wheat powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici) is the one of main wheat diseases in China.Based on the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequences of ribosome of B.graminis f.sp.tritici,three molecular primer pairs(F1/R,F2/R and F3/R) were designed to detect the fungal pathogen of wheat powdery mildew.The species specificity of these primers was confirmed.F1/R was demonstrated a higher sensitivity than the other two primer pairs,and could detect as low as 1 pg DNA of B.graminis f.sp.tritici.Furthermore,F1/R primer pair was used to detect the pathogen DNA extracted from wheat leaves showing chlorosis and typical symptoms of powdery mildew caused by artificial inoculation with B.graminis f.sp.tritici.The preliminary results demonstrated the usefulness of this primer pair and its potential applications in efficient detection of wheat powdery mildew pathogen from leaves with latent infections at early growth stages of wheat.     

甘蔗花叶病毒福州分离物全基因组克隆及种群分析

 为丰富甘蔗花叶病毒(Sugarcane mosaic virus,SCMV)种群信息,探索SCMV种群结构,本研究运用RT-PCR方法克隆了采自福州的2个SCMV分离物(分别命名为 FZ-C1和FZ-C2)的全基因组,结合已公布的18个SCMV分离物的全基因组序列,利用MEGA 4.1和Simplot软件对SCMV的种群结构进行了分析。结果显示,FZ-C1和FZ-C2全长分别为9 570 nt和9 573 nt,均包含一个9 189 nt的开放阅读框,编码长度为3 063个氨基酸的多聚蛋白。这2个分离物与SCMV-A株系的相似性最高,酶切位点也与SCMV-A株系的基本一致。系统发育进化分析表明,SCMV可以分为3组,分别命名为SSGⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ。SSGⅠ来源于玉米(Zea mays),SSGⅡ和SSGⅢ来源于甘蔗(Saccharum spp. hybrid),其中SSGⅢ主要来源于果蔗。FZ分离物聚在SSGⅡ组内。研究结果丰富了SCMV全基因组序列信息,有助于全面了解SCMV种群的遗传进化关系。